Essays on Erikson

Human Growth and Development

1. Both Erikson and Piaget study developmental psychology through stages and support the idea of the development of personality throughout life. Also, both of them share the idea that the failure of the personal development on one of the stages will result in the failure on the following stage. At the same time, Erikson and Piaget have a different number of stages and see the developmental process differently. Erikson follows the psychoanalytic school, has an experiential approach, and considers the development of ego and the influence of social setting, and Piaget uses observations, ignores ego, and considers the development ...

Integrated Learning Homework

The focus of my interview was the effect of childhood transition that takes place to a child as they move to adolescent. The psychosocial change that occurs between the childhood and adulthood and between the mortality learned by a child, as well as ethics developed by an adult as Erikson's theory suggest. Before my interview, I gathered some information on this psychosocial stage among adolescents from various sources that increase independence to an adolescent through career development, occupational, families, relationships and their personal views and beliefs. According to Erikson stages, the fifth stage that best suits the change in ...

Introduction

Development is a word that describes the process of growth, adaptation, and changes that people undergo during their lifetime characterized by personality, physical, cognitive, socioemotional, and language developments. The work of developmental psychologists helps the society to understand different developmental theories and how they influence life in various stages of life through various development theories. Development theories describe various factors that influence the development pattern of an individual that include hereditary and environmental factors. On the other hand, other psychological experts argue that development is controlled by nature and nurture that combine to influence biological factors. However, psychological developments ...

Introduction

The journey by which an individual develops is both very personal and also very predictable. It is predictable by way of accomplishing certain milestones at particular times. Development is marked by these milestones and through them, an individual's development is able to be termed “normal’ or “abnormal.” However, it is personal in that each person achieves these milestones at different times in their development. The similarities between the development of each person allow for the timeline of development to be documented and analyzed.

Social Development of Infants

In infants, social development primarily occurs as the child begins to become aware of and respond ...

Introduction

Business leaders across the globe have value statements that guide them throughout their lives. Core values are characterized as things of worth and serve as guideposts for associations on initiative and basic leadership (Browning, 2009). Core values speak to the center needs of a person’s or an organization’s way of life. At its most fundamental, a value statement depicts the general motivation behind the individual or group. It reveals insight into a person’s values and sympathy toward other people and activities for survival. The value statement is a convincing portrayal of the state and capacity of ...

There are many theories as to how a person may become who he or she is. Some people believe that they are directly shaped by the events that happen in a person’s past, while other thinkers state that people go through different dialectical stages that led up to one’s current state. In this sense, there are many elements that one must be aware of in order to adequately analyze one’s life development. Three of the most important development theorists are B. F. Skinner, John Watson and Erik Erikson; these three men founded Operant Conditioning, Behaviorism and ...

They have been a myriad of theorists that have developed theories on cognitive learning stages and human development. Among those theorists have been Erik Erikson, Abraham Maslow, and Jean Piaget. Each of these theorists have had an imperative impact on the way we view cognitive development and physical growth. Some of them focused more on how we interact with others and develop through relationships with individuals as we progress through life. While others, focused on cognitive development that is innately inherited through birth giving us a foundation of which to build upon. Erik Erikson, for example, based his theories ...

Erik Erikson’s theory of identity crisis emphasizes on cultural and social roles in the identity of the ego (Engler, 23). According to him, it is possible for people to continue developing in their adulthood. The stages that develop in adulthood are Intimacy and Isolation, Generativity and Stagnation, and Ego Integrity and Despair. In the Intimacy and Isolation stage, young adults are likely to try and build their self-esteem. However, both Erikson and Piaget admit that in adulthood behavior is determined by the person nurture and nature. Therefore, in adulthood, people build on to what they already have from ...

A man's identity is an outcome of the interaction between sociological, psychological, historical, and biological impacts. It springs from the person's endeavors to keep up a feeling of congruity as well as personal uniqueness in the midst of shifting developmental tasks and unexpected events in life and acquire a sense of oneness with the group. Another approach to hypothesize identity is by depicting the characteristics of people who have obtained a strong sense of individual identity. The interest of developmental psychology in the development of identity arises from the seminal work of Erikson titled Identity: Youth and Crisis. In ...

There are three pertinent theorists throughout history that have come to shape our cultures and lives in a myriad of ways. The first theorist would be Erik Erikson, who constructed a theory in 1959 based on eight psychosocial stages of development. These stages encompassed “trust, autonomy, initiative, industry, identity, intimacy, generativity, and ego integrity” (McLeod 1). In relation to adulthood, his theory’s description of love, care, and wisdom best exemplify that level of maturity. Based upon his theory of these stages, effective completion of the individual states can conclude in a person developing a strong and healthy personality ...

Smoking, drinking, overeating and accumulating stressors are behaviors that become pronounced in adulthood though they trace their origins to a much younger age probably around the teenage years. These behaviors do not just crop up out of the blues. They start and develop over a period. The various theories and theorists in this context are keen on pointing out the psychosocial nature of an individual. They show how the actions and expectations of a person conflict with those of society and how that could therefore lead to various behaviors in adulthood. The theories in contexts have their different ways ...

PSYCHOLOGY

Developmental Psychology refers to the learning and explanation of behaviors elicited by human beings during their life span. Life begins at birth and psychologists have various categories that have been used to define certain stages. In childhood, for example there is early, middle, and late childhood. Various psychologists had different explanations for what went on during teenage or adolescent years. Some even refer to this stage as the stage of storm and confusion. This essay summarizes three theories, that of Erik Erikson and Anna Freud, and Sigmund Freud, whilst attempting to shed some light on what they asserted to ...

William G. Perry: Forms of Intellectual and Ethical Development in the College Years

Perry conducts research on college age students and sets forth their intellectual and ethical development through nine positions. Position One is designated as Basic Duality. At this stage, the student places knowledge into two categories: the “in-group” and the “outgroup” (Diessner, 2008). According to Perry, position one has the following attributes: Within the in group are things familiar: truths that concern obedience. The student develops knowledge through committing items to memory and obeying Authority. The out group consists of things unknown or alien to the student. This set of knowledge is considered illegitimate and wrong. The student sees no ...

The definition of midlife is literally a point at the middle of a person’s life. ‘The concept of ‘crisis’, in mid-life and at other times, implies a rapid or substantial change in personality, which is dislocating with respect to one’s sense of identity (Freund & Ritter, 2009, p. 583). Thus, the best definition of midlife crisis is a sense of crisis situation that one experiences around middle age driven by a sense of diminishing youth and the loss that accompanies this. The question really arises about the validity and existence of the Midlife Crisis. The essay will delve ...

An Assignment Submitted by

Although the United States of America became an independent country not so long ago there was a long history that preceded the mentioned event that happened in 1776. In this paper the history of the pre-independent USA will be explored. It is believed that the indigenous people have been coming to America from Asia for thousands of years in the gap between 15 and 50 thousand years ago, when the modern Bering Strait did not yet exist and the two continents were connected with land. Reliable evidence of their presence in the United States was received throughF the findings ...

Insecure Attachment and Identity Formation Issues

Abstract This paper will seek to examine the effect of forming insecure attachment in leading to unsuccessful identity achievement in human beings. This question is answered by examining the attachment theory and relating it to identity formation. It will also examine how these two issues affect healthy development in each stage of the life span based on Erickson’s psychosocial developmental stages. According to the attachment theory, attachment mainly determines different aspects of human relationships and interaction. This in turn, leads to social and emotional development issues in individuals during different life stages. Some of the problems identified included ...

Many different things happen during the first two years of one’s life. Different theorists have attempted to conceptualize this, including Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson. The former believed that one went through an oral phase, in which the libido was placed on the mouth, making it a preferred erogenous zone. On the other hand, according to Erik Erikson, this is a time in one’s life that is characterized by a tension between trust and mistrust, especially of the parental figures (258). As a whole, they demonstrate the struggles between the independent person and his or her surroundings. ...

Insecure Attachment and Identity Formation Issues

Abstract: This paper will seek to examine the effect of forming insecure attachment in leading to unsuccessful identity achievement in human beings. This question is answered by examining the attachment theory and relating it to identity formation. It will also examine how these two issues affect healthy development in each stage of the life span based on Erickson’s psychosocial developmental stages. According to the attachment theory, attachment mainly determines different aspects of human relationships and interaction. This in turn, leads to social and emotional development issues in individuals during different life stages. This research paper includes an in-depth ...

Psychologist Eric Erikson advanced a theory of psychosocial stages of development which has greatly influenced the course of modern psychology. Erickson contended that there are eight phases of life that a person goes through, with each phase resulting in some sort of conflict (McLeod, 2013). According to Erickson, the healthy adult must resolve the conflict, a resolution that ultimately allows passage into the next phase of psychosocial development (McLeod, 2013). With respect to Erikson’s theory, I am now in the midst of the so-called young adult stage (between the ages of 18 and 40), characterized by a conflict ...

Bill Gates, as any outstanding personality is unique. However, today we will not argue with those who criticize him. We will apply the golden rule of business, which reads: "Learning should be from the successful people." We will talk about what events from the biography of Gates and the quality of his character helped him to become what he is. He is the legendary founder of Microsoft, who is also the richest man in the world for over ten years. He is a charismatic business leader, innovator, has a knight title in the UK and is the father of ...

Released in 1951, Salinger's novel "The Catcher in the Rye" is a story of a seventeen year old American schoolboy Holden Caulfield, who was excluded from his school before Christmas for academic failure. The main idea of ​​the novel is the rejection of falsehood, which is manifested in the moral standards prevailing in the society and in the people, events, objects. This is closely linked to the image of the protagonist. Holden Caulfield introduces the reader not only to the external part of his life (time-space of the novel consists of three days, one of which the hero stays ...

<Institution>

Introduction

I am a student, a wife, a sister, and a daughter. Currently, I take on many roles, but being where I am now is not without many struggles and challenges. Growing up, I faced several difficulties which helped me develop and grow as a person. Right now, I intend to be my best here at the University of Maryland University College or UMUC. I started taking my first semester at UMUC as an undergraduate in the year 2002. I was stationed at Misawa Japan during that time as part of my service in the military, and through ...

Ever wondered how growth occurs in human beings or how people get to learn and develop? The human body works in a mysterious way that at times you wonder how it gets to function and adapt to various changes with passage of time. Theories of human development have been established by researchers to offer a structure that allows individuals to figure out how human growth, learning and development occurs (Salkind, 2004). With better understanding of how our bodies grow and develop, we are able to understand ourselves better as well as fellow human beings. This paper will therefore, address ...

<Institution> As people grow from infancy to adulthood, they take on different roles in order to perform specific tasks that would enable them to become better suited to the environment or the society to which they belong. Due to the ever changing nature of human existence influenced by the environment and technological development, these different roles that people take also changes along the passing of generations. During middle adulthood, many people take the role of a romantic partner or a spouse. When a child is conceived and born, these people become parents during middle adulthood. In the past, ...

Child development takes place in discrete phases and ranges from birth to adulthood. These stages of development comprise various interrelated aspects such as socialization, motor skills, language, cognitive ability, emotional aspects, and social interaction. Various theories emphasize on the issues of development such as Vygotsky and Jeane Piaget theories. Piaget's model discusses concerns about the acquisition of knowledge and mechanisms of intellectual development. On the other hand, Vygotsky tended to focus mostly on the influence of culture on social and material structure and language of society (Steinberg & Vandergrift, 2010). Infant development and growth requires a combination of theories to ...

ADHD is an abbreviation for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. This disorder occurs in the human brain and usually caused by a series of inattention or hyperactivity during the developmental stages of an individual. The symptoms of ADHD usually manifest in childhood especially between 3 years and 6 years. These symptoms can be observed during adolescent and adulthood stages (Kail & John 17). Having the symptoms of ADHD during childhood can translate into positive functioning during adulthood when the victim of the disorder undergoes medication. This process increases individual focus and reduces hyperactivity thus resulting into positive functioning during adulthood. Infancy describes ...

Every person goes through many changes during his life: his body and mind change and develop because of the influence from society he lives in. The most common changes are cognitive, physical and social, which are inevitable. To the middle of adulthood one experiences his improvement clearly, and accepts the changes as they should be. The understanding and perception of the peculiarities of self-development are the most important issues when discussing human individuality. This paper is to examine social, physical and cognitive changes in middle adulthood for both women and men. The changes acquired with age influence every muscle ...

Emotional and social development of children at the age of 8-10 is geared towards adolescence (Murray, 2015). At this stage, peer friendship becomes more vital in their social and emotional development. These children begin to have a sense of independence and a certain level of confidence to solve problems and take risks. The children at this stage also develop self-evaluation capacity and at times laugh at themselves for unknown reasons. The child I observed playing had a number of these characteristics as he belongs to the same age group of transition from a child to adolescence. The child was ...

<Institution> The adolescence stage is a crucial period in a person’s life. During this time, people begin to explore and establish their own identity as influenced by their personalities. In the field of psychology, many experts have extended effort to help understand the stages and complex process that adolescence go through in terms of the establishment of identity and the development of personality. Among these experts are James Marcia and John Holland. James Marcia developed the Identity Status Theory while John Holland developed the Six Personality Types Theory; both of which contributed greatly in understanding the complexity ...

Abstract

My motor skills developed on time, although my motor coordination is still not very good. My physical development is in line with normal course of development of a person. I have sustained healthy weight throughout my childhood and adolescence, and my height and weight started growing rapidly during puberty that started at the age of 11. My height and weight during puberty were different from my peers, which made me feel self-conscious and lowered my self-esteem. Puberty was also marked with emotional and behavioral changes that affect many adolescents. I have completed Piaget’s stages of development on time ...

Mary Bell is one of the well-known young killers. She was accused of the death of Brian Howe and Martin Brown. The details of the murders were gruesome, including the strangulation of one of the victims who was a three-year-old boy. Mary's family background is said to be responsible for her delinquent behaviors. Firstly, she thought that Bill Bell was her biological father (Calin, 2011). Billy was a criminal arrested for armed robbery and her biological father was unknown to her. Secondly, Mary claimed that her mother, who was a prostitute, had forced her to engage in sexual acts ...

Write a brief description of the major findings from the paper

The current study examined how much people think and what emotional experience they have about their behavior when they perform habitual actions or actions, behaviors which are not habitual for them. As it was supposed, results of the study demonstrated that when a person performs habitual actions one`s thoughts are less likely to correspond to one`s actions. On the contrary, when a person performs some novelty actions in less stable or variable context this person is more likely to think about one`s actions or, in other words, thoughts and actions correspond to each other.

Identify any strengths or limitations of the research design or methods

One of ...

Virtual Child

<Institution>

Starting birth, my child, Noah, was quite normal and very much healthy. He was a breastfed child. As a newborn, I allow my partner to be more on hands to him, but I eventually decided to be more proactive in attending to his needs so that he would recognize me as someone he can trust, too. Like most parents, I tried to give him things that will make him more curious about his environment. Starting at 3 months, I supported his interest with his social world. I would take him out to meet new people, and I ...

Incumbency and Re-election

Incumbency and Re-election The election is a process in which individuals use to choose leaders to hold public office. In any democratic society, the election is the only process that people use to exercise their democratic rights. In the political election, an incumbent is an individual holding an office. Always associated with elections are the incumbent leaders who have to use the democratic space to ensure they are re-elected. The re-elections come with its advantages and disadvantages to individual holding offices. The incumbents are always in positions that worry them because they are likely not to be re-elected, or ...

Book Report

Thomas R.M believes that studying and understanding the growth and development of a child is helpful to train the young on how to live well. Children differ in emotional growth, physical, social and cognitive patterns. Children differ even if they are identical twins. Think of a child; you will find out that their response to the play, affection, people, and objects be it living or non-living in their environment is very different. In this book, Thomas R.M helps us to understand children better by discussing the principles of child development, the brain growth, and development of a child. He ...

Cognitive theories are trying to explain why the brain is the main incredible network within the body in information interpretation and processing learning (Fletcher & Fincham, 2013). Cognitive theories are divided into two major categories: the cognitive behavioral theory and the social cognitive theory (Fletcher & Fincham, 2013). The social cognitive theory considers three variables which include environmental factors (extrinsic), behavioral factors and personal factors (intrinsic). On the other hand, the cognitive behavioral theory is describing the role of the knowing in an attempt to predict and determine the behavioral pattern of a person. Jean Piaget looked at his work as ...

Introduction

This essay will investigate the definition of deviance in society from a sociological perspective. It will then define what it means to be socially deviant. This essay will go onto investigate what impacts deviance has on society. This essay will conclude that for some sociologists, deviance performs a necessary function in society that help establish and reaffirm our social norms, and can help us fix the problems within it The term deviance in sociology refers to an act that violates the standard social norms in a society (White et al, 2000). Succinctly it is a transgression of any kind ...

Spring, 2016

I was raised in the conservative Christian family in the atmosphere of strict rules and respect toward elder people, especially toward parents. My mother is a nurse and my father is a pharmacist. I also have one younger and one elder brother. My parents raised me and my brothers using authoritative parental style. They were highly controlling and demanding and disciplined us for minor misconducts. However, I`m very glad that my parents were so strict, demanding and controlling they made me a good and respectful person. The theory of Skinner can be applied to how my parents raised ...

Early Adulthood Observation paper – Age 19-40

Details of observation and stages of subject  Place: Age: 24 years Gender: Male Developmental stage- Early Adulthood Raphael is a typical young adult who is full of health, vigor and vibrancy and is ready for intimacy, having the ability to relate as he seeks to establish himself independently while relating with others.

Developmental stage description

Raphael falls under Erikson’s love stage, which is a stage that pits intimacy against isolation and is a stage that goes all the way up to the age of 39years. According to Erikson, love is the predominant factor at this stage of the young adult as ...

Abstract:

This paper focuses on the teaching project that the writer conducted on some 5-7 year old kindergartens who are in their preoperational stage. It will go over the characteristics of preoperational stage, and some theories related to it. Lastly, it will compare and contrast the preoperational stage with the middle childhood or those in the fourth grade who are from 9 to 10 years of age, who were the center of the previous activity. In the end, it will be evident that the preoperational stage is a very significant stage when it comes to growth and development, as this ...

In the coming year, I would like to practice as a daycare teacher and specialists in providing childcare training programmes. My rapport with children and high affinity to impart knowledge on others has led me to choose this field of practice. Confidence is a major proponent in ensuring that I trust in my abilities and will be able to impart important knowledge on children in the formative years of their lives. The highest academic qualifications can enable me attain major honors as a certified teacher in daycare. Being a certified preschool teacher is the best fit for my career. ...

Human Growth and Development - Adolescence age 12-18

Details of observation and stages of subject  Place: Age: 13 years Gender: Female Developmental stage- Adolescent Karen is moody, she strives to please her peers more than she desires to be with her mother and she is awakened to her sexuality.

Developmental stage description

The observed person (Karen) falls under the Fidelity stage based on Erikson’s Theory of Social Development. According to Erikson’s Theory, this is the identity versus role confusion stage that applies to adolescents aged 13 to 19 years (Grusec & Lytton, 2012). The existential question for this stage (adolescent stage) is mainly “Who Am I and What Can ...

Introduction

One of the dominant concepts in the field of psychology is how humans grow and develop throughout the course of their lifetime. Many theories have been put forward in order to explain the various stages that a human being experiences while growing up. One of the most popular among these theories is the one formulated by Erik Erikson, more commonly known as the psychosocial stages of human development as opposed to Freud’s psychosexual ones (Boeree, 2009). According to Erikson, there are stages that occur within one’s lifetime, and one progresses from one stage to another as the ...

Through my own personal development and skills, I have worked alongside children that are in the upper-elementary age bracket. When I was younger, I served as a tutor and mentor to youth. I have also worked in the Big Brothers Big Sisters program which helped me to connect with children of all different ages and many of them were youth who could potentially be at-risk if they did not have a mentor there to help them. Through the mayor’s anti-gang task force in Houston, it has been designed to help children off of the streets and become better ...

Under the existing Tinker (“Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District”) standards, should the online speech, created by Ms. Erikson on her private laptop, outside the schools premises and without intentionally targeting the students at school be considered on-campus? Should the actions of Ms. Erikson, which neither reached sufficient magnitude in the classroom, nor made the students unable to participate in the classroom discussions, nor required the school administration to pull down their ordinary duties, as well as did not create a hostile environment to the defendant, so that he could not attend classes, be considered substantially disruptive?

SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT

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Socio-emotional development is an individual’s, especially children, continuous ability to understand how others feel and to control personal feelings and behavior such that they can get along well with their peers. The foundation on how we feel about ourselves and our relationships and experiences with others is, to a large extent, influenced by socio-emotional development. The quality of relationship given to a child by his primary caregivers is a major determiner of the child’s socio-emotional development. An individual’s feelings of trust, confidence, pride, affection, friendship and humor are all part of their social-emotional development. Social-emotional development ...

The book, 'The journey of an Incorrigible Alcoholic: The Paths I chose and the Ones I Didn't Addiction, Depression, Suicide, Grief by Earl D. Erickson is a true life story of the author through addiction to alcohol, marijuana and other drugs leaving him miserable. It also reflects on the lifestyles of his older siblings and his friends. This book is published by iUniverse, Inc, New York, ISBN: 978-0-595-52583-6 (sc), 978-0-595-51327-7 (dj), 978-0-595-62637-3 (ebk). Erikson writes this book to encourage those enslaved to addiction. Many people, especially the young people are into alcoholism without control while some other older ...

Personal History

I had a difficult start in life because I was born with physical disabilities. I was an extremely weak newborn and the doctors recommended a three-year stay in hospital for care and observation. The doctors were not very optimistic and even advised my mother against registering my birth with the government since they felt I was bound to die. I was eventually discharged from hospital by the age of four, and somewhat miraculously, after a few years I was able to live like a normal child. Yet, destiny would not allow me to enjoy a normal childhood. In my early teens, I made my ...

Human Development

Sigmund Freud is considered the father of Psychology owing to his immense contribution in the study of Psychology. Freud articulated the Psychosexual Theory of personality Development, which has gained much recognition worldwide by other psychologist. Freud argues that children are born with sexual energy that gets satisfied in different parts of the body as they grow. On the other hand, Erik Erikson, a German Psychologist proposed eight stages through which all individuals go through, and he called the stages Psychosocial Stages of Development, stages that he categorically termed ‘conflicts’. Resolution of one stage brings the foundation of negotiating the challenges ...

Introduction

Parents play a very critical role when it comes to socializing the children to what they become in future. The earliest form agent of socialization is the family and this is also the most influential. The family starts socializing the child from birth, when the child has not developed any form of socialization. The child internalizes the information they come across within the family environment through interactions with parents, role modeling and also reinforcement of behaviors that are desirable through parental approval and disapproval. Parental socialization is very important because it is the foundation of all civil behavior because it ...

When people make their choices in life, they are influenced by the society that surrounds them by changing their social conditions in ways that may at some point encumber or even support their life with family. Interplay exists between an individual’s family and the society, and throughout the adulthood stage, an individual makes choices that are family related. Development is the movement, growth, and transition made by an individual from one state to another in life. This research has been able to state clearly the stages made by people who are developing from one stage to another. This ...