Essays on Crime Prevention

Question 1

1.1 In her taxonomy, Joh (2005) describes private policing as law enforcement activities offered through agencies owned and controlled by private individuals. That said, unlike their public counterparts, private police officers concentrate on property loss, preventive techniques, private justice, and safeguarding personal interests. As such, these entities mainly operate as parallel entities, each focusing on their individual duties in law enforcement. This taxonomy is both useful and an excellent beginning in the categorization of various forms of private policing as explained below. On the one hand, some of the existing classifications include publicly contracted, protective, intelligence, and corporate security ...

Some of the competing issues in determining the follow-up period in prevention evaluations include how long an intervention or program has been implemented changes should be expected and the possibility of the changes diminishing or disappearing with time. The rule om appropriate follow-up times is that evaluation should look to the underlying theory for guidance and to be ideal, a follow-up time should involve the follow-up data being gathered at different intervals (Lab, 2016). Process evaluations are prevalent even though they do not provide information on project goals’ success due to several reasons. The first reason according to Lab ( ...

Attention: Prospective Investors

Problem: Drone navigation systems play a vital role in military, environmental, urban growth, and crime prevention. With VectorCal as the only major company in the field producing a viable, quality navigational product, new innovative development and product pricing are only to be hampered by the lack of market compatibility. This lack of corporate competition permits a one-sided view of how to design, produce, market and promote drone navigation systems. Our Solution: Our proposal is to develop a leaner, faster version of drone navigation systems and to forsee the “missing” innovation that is not present in the marketplace. Our product ...

The public health model is made up of three levels. The bottom is the Primary/Universal section covering programs that look after the entire population in order to provide support and education before problems happen (Taylor & Francis, slide 10). An example is sex education in high schools. The middle level is Secondary programing, focuses on identifying health problems in families before the problem increases in intensity (Taylor & Francis, slide 11). An example is the breakfast programs at schools The top Tertiary level provides interventions for children experiencing maltreatment (Taylor & Francis, slide 12). An example is when social services identifying physical ...

Question and Answer- Criminal Justice

Question and Answer- Criminal Justice Q. 1 The main similarity between mens rea and actus reus regarding their roles is that both elements are ways through the criminal law ensures that only guilty actions or conduct and minds or intention can secure the safe legal conviction of accused persons. Moreover, they both play the role of making the role of the prosecution and defense easier when proving the commission of a crime. The difference is that while mens rea plays the role of helping the court know the accused’s intent at the material time, actus reus plays the ...

Impact of Media of Crime

Impact of Media of Crime

Introduction

It is worth mentioning that the media is a vital resource that allows for the dissemination of information on safety and crime to the public. In this case, it is important that the news coverage provides accurate and unbiased facts about a crime that would be beneficial to crime control. However, research reveals that the media has contributed to poor diagnosis of crime related issues and more so, inappropriate and ineffective formulation of prevention strategies. The essay presents findings on the impact of the media of crime. Furthermore, it offers a discussion on the ...

1. Crime is one of the major problems in society. It is worth noting that there are various mechanisms that the criminal justice system uses to analyze and prevent criminal activities. Crime analysis s is a critical role that is associated with law enforcement agencies. It entails the systematic analysis for analyzing and identifying the trends and patterns in crime. Crime analysis continues to expand in law enforcement agencies around the world. In crime analysis, there are critical approaches of profiling; it includes the deductive and inductive approaches. There are the differences between inductive and deductive methods of crime ...

Introduction

In the past few decades, community policing in the most parts of the USA have been affected by the acute shortage in police applicants as well as difficulties for the police departments to retain the existing officers. With the increase in crime in the major cities as well as the increase in external aggression, the reduction in police officers is bound to become a problem that needs to be addressed at state and national level. Over the last three decades, there have been an increase in homicides, violent crimes, and shootings not to mention the several terrorism incidences that ...

Questions and Answer

In order to find the connection between these three terms, first we need to define them. The rule of law, as per Zun, Nollkaemper and Peerenboom (12), denotes the legal principle that accounts for the need of a nation to be governed by law. In other words, it reflects the unlimited exercise of power through subjecting it to well-defined, as well as established laws; laws entrenched in a given constitution of the nation at hand. On the other hand, legitimacy denotes lawfulness of any given thing, and lawful here means it adheres to the laws of a given country’ ...

Issue with the Justice System

Law Enforcement Introduction The terms law enforcement pertains to a government agency that assumes the responsibility of maintaining public order including public safety and enforcement of the law. There are several branches of law enforcement both local and federal that assume the said responsibility. The local police department, the FBI, Sherriff’s department, special jurisdiction police, and among others are inclusive of the term law enforcement because their key function involves, detection, deterrence, and apprehension of criminal activities. The discussion will highlight the key functions and purpose of law enforcement and the current issues facing this branch of the ...

Instituition

Potential for crime: The huge area itself presents difficulties of monitoring by police personnel to prevent crimes. Apart from the official entrances to the garden there are places on the southern side where the walls have weakened considerably over the years. There are gaps in the wall enclosure enabling anti social elements to get inside the garden without anyones's notice. Thieves,robbers and other types of criminals anyway can easily get access to the garden through the official entrances. This is because due to heavy influx of people on all days,the security personnel cannot check the credentials of ...

The involvement of the youth and juveniles in criminal gangs particularly in the United States is becoming an increasingly an issue of concern to the criminal justice system. Thus, a plethora of criminal justice programs have been suggested in order to reduce the destruction of property, crimes and violence caused by street gang members. According to Kent, Donaldso and Smith (2000), various programs and policies have been implemented in a bid to help reduce the rate of gang related crimes. However, not much attention has been paid to the effectiveness of evidence based practices and programs. Moreover, the general ...

(Tutor’s Name) (Assignment)

Introduction Although the U.S Federal government spends billions of dollars towards crime reduction policy initiatives, incidence rate of crimes such as homicides, burglary, smuggling, and gang violence is on the rise in the country. With the 9/11 terror attacks, the United States has become a major target for terrorist groups worldwide. In addition, the strong diplomatic stance taken by the Federal government against Islamic State (IS) terrorists also makes the country vulnerable to organized terror attacks. In this context, traditional policing may not be much effective to take proactive measures aimed at ensuring the safety ...

Abstract:

Mental illnesses altogether place a significant burden of disorder on young people. They induce adequate negative outcomes short- and long-term in several domains. Many youths with mental illnesses such as Bipolar disorder and Schizophrenia fall into the clutches of the criminal justice system (CJS) due to their risky behavior. This leads to a problematic quality of life. The main objective of the paper is to highlight about the mental illnesses in youth and the criminal justice system. A web search was conducted and quality articles were retrieved. It was observed that mentally ill youth encounter trouble with regard to ...

Strategic Operational and Investigative Plan for Multiple Daytime Robberies in City X

I. Introduction The act of robbery has been defined by the European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control (2010) as a crime on property which involves the use of violence or any form of threat to the owners of the property. These include bag-snatching, muggings, and theft with violence on a variety of settings ranging from corner streets, open areas, commercial establishments and heists on high-security banks and other private establishments. Among the nations examined by the European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control (2010), the region of Southern Africa was recorded as having the highest median of robberies ...

1. Policing involves complex roles and responsibilities in today’s current time. To be effective in the performance of their duties, there are important strategies that are considered to be the most relevant and important to the police authorities. Community policing and evidence based policing are two important strategies that will enhance the ability of the police officers in addressing the constantly changing environment involving crime and disorder. Community policing generally involves the collaboration between the community members and the police in identifying and solving problems affecting the community. The concept of community policing introduces the new perspectives providing ...

1. The three policing strategies that are found to be most important are community policing, problem oriented policing and evidence based policing. Community policing involves the establishment of partnership with the community by the police officers. This strategy will allow the police officers to develop a constructive relationship with the community members that will allow them to reach out in helping them solve their problems about crimes and not merely to respond to the calls for service (Albrecht and Das, 2011). The process will result in the decentralization of the police organization that will result in a more responsive ...

The Police in America have always been Controversial

The establishment of the police is a mandate of the constitution to ensure law enforcement, as well as public order and safety. It is created as an instrument to maintain a civil nation. As Egon Bittner asserts, the police, as an agency, are empowered and responsible to provide short-term solutions to emergent problems. Its manpower is competent enough to provide intervention to any form of emergencies, without any exceptions (Bittner, 1974). It is an institution created by the state as part of its efforts to police the people and protect the state and the people from lawless elements. Unlike ...

Crime has increased over the last decade in our country. The crime rate not only has risen, but the number of crimes committed by juveniles has increased. In order to reduce the crime rate amongst society is to get a head start on early intervention. “One way would be to visit children who are in elementary school, and spread the information of what crime is, and how not to end up involved in it” . Kids who are made aware of the dangers of crime are more apt to stay away from criminal activity. The reason for discussing crime prevention ...

The capital punishment is a form of punishment that is applied in the criminal justice system. It is worth noting that death penalty is one of the debatable issues in the world. Canada is one of the countries that debate on the death penalty as a form of punishment. For many centuries, countries have utilized capital punishment as a strategy for dealing with serious criminals. The form of punishment in Canada dates back to the era of the British colony. This was a form of punishment that was administered to those conceited of murder, assault, rape, buggery of animals, ...

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Executive Summary

Recent news reports on racial minorities being shot and killed by the police, or by those taken into custody and are reported to have died while in that situation, pose a grim reminder that the relationship of law enforcement and the racial minorities in the United States have been one filled with tension and conflict, mistrust and suspicion, fear and force, and domination and struggle. This is not a civil rights position paper; rather, this is a research geared to proffer that the instance of encounters between racial minorities and the police have been generally characterized by conflict ...

Introduction

CompStat is the oldest and most effective crime mapping computer program operational in the United States today. The acronym for Computer Statistical Analysis, the system came into use by the New York Police Department in 1994. Accredited with reducing crime in several cities across the world, CompStat turned New York into a commercial hub.

Origins

The New York Police Department (NYPD) was reeling with a spate of crime in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Several parts of the city were unsafe for residents with frequent muggings and street gangs. The police were trying out obsolete tactics learned during the ...

Introduction

Crimes are generally created by the interactions of a potential target and a potential offender, in a setting were committing a crime is relatively safe, profitable and easy. Anyone is capable of committing a crime. However, environmental factors can influence an individual’s desire to commit a crime. For example, if the cost of committing a crime is zero and the benefit is substantial, an individual may be more inclined to commit a crime. The following assess different environmental theories in regards to criminology and how they impact the crime prevention.

Discussion

The branch of criminology is often referred to ...

1) For low-risk offenders who pose minimal threat to public safety, there should be some sort of middle ground between imposing no punishment and imprisonment. Incarcerating all nonviolent offenders for minor crimes and offenses is simply not sustainable policy. The use of intermediate sanctions has gained popularity among the states as prison overcrowding continues to rise. Intermediate sanctions provide for great flexibility in tailoring the sanction to either be more lenient or severe based on the particular crime. All fifty states offer the intermediate sanction of house arrest as an alternative to prison (Tonry, 1997, p. 10). 2) The ...

Summary of the Jurisdiction of the Proposed Criminal Prevention Initiative

The chosen jurisdiction in this case was the city of Detroit in Michigan, United States. Among all the states and territories of the United States, the city of Detroit simply had the highest incidence of violent crimes per capita. The table below summarizes key crime-related findings on the said jurisdiction. It covers the following metrics for a more detailed analysis and interpretation: population, number of reported cases of violent crime, murder and non-negligent manslaughter, robbery, rape, assault, and burglary. The said raw data came from the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI, 2014) report on crime in the United ...

Technological advancements in the recent past have solicited innovations that have revolutionalized almost all industry. The most notable achievement has been the creation and use of the social media space. This arena allows individuals to communicate using different platforms and deceive temporal and spatial barriers in communication. This concept is widely visible on platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, amongst others. As a result of this groundbreaking technology, the world has become a global village as people are connected irrespective of geographical boundaries. In addition, the adoption of social media has allowed for improved, and faster communication as the ...

Within the points of view of a patrol officer, the relationship between the police and the community is significant on the policing strategies to implement in addressing violence, crimes and vandalisms in schools because most of the actions taken by the police authorities mainly depends upon the crime reports they receive from the community members. To address the prevalence and occurences of these specific crimes in schools, the community police should work closely with the school authorities as its partners in order to address the issues more effectively. The additional interventions in community policing strategies that can better address ...

Introduction

Lessons are learnt from experiences and past experiences shape the future. This is true as much with the policing. However, there are many challenges while learning from the past. As far as policing is concerned, policing happens to comprise of a large number of small departments that are local and pursue their individual visions and develop responses according to local conditions and needs. Despite a rich experienced heritage, there could be very few records that show the true trends that should be actually shaping the modern policing systems. Today, the departments have become far more complex and intricate in ...

Criminal Law

Introduction Exploring the underlying principles of criminality encompasses a close examination of the theoretical models in three main areas of study such as sociological, bioloigcal, and psychological. Criminal behavior and the factors that contributes to its development can be attributed to the tenets of causation where some of the initiated crime prevention programmes were based. The discussion will highlight the principles of the various theories that defines the cause of criminal behavior beginning from the broad classifications down to the more specific predominant theories. Selecting the theory to discuss takes consideration of its place in the academic field of ...

Introduction

The Rational Choice Theory is one of the most common and widely accepted theories in criminology. This theory is useful to deter criminal activity by changing the environment that might invite the attention of criminal elements. This theory has a crime displacement application. Most of the initiatives for crime prevention use the Rational Choice Theory. This theory proves that criminals make a rational choice when selecting targets by weighing the pros and cons (Akers, 1990).

Origins of the theory

The history of this theory traces back to the inspiration of Cesare Bonesana-Beccaria’s book, On Crimes and Punishment. Beccaria contended that people decided ...

The logic behind Random preventive patrol

Patrol is among the fundamental functions that the police force carries out across the globe. Due to the increase in the crime levels, governments have heavily invested in patrol, to ensure that the patrol operations go on smoothly. Random preventive patrol is one of the major components of the wider patrol agenda of the police force. This form of patrol is conducted by police officers who may use a car, bicycle or foot to go around a neighborhood (Sherman & Eck, 2002). The criminology theory behind the use of random preventive patrol is that of deterrence. The assumption that the ...

One of the factors that makes preventing crimes against senior citizens so difficult is the failure to know when they are occurring. Unlike other segments of the public such younger adults who are likely tell the authorities themselves when they have been a victim of a crime, oftentimes senior citizens are either unable or unwilling to tell the authorities when they are a victim of a crime (NCPC, 2016). Moreover, unlike as children who have parents, teachers and children organizations to inform the authorities; seniors rarely have guardians looking after their safety. Accordingly, one of the fundamental elements of ...

INTRODUCTION

A man approached a gay couple screaming “I hate faggots”, and placed the knife to the neck of one of the men. An attacker approached a lesbian, called her a “dyke” and punched her in the face. A transgender woman was raped and strangled. A gay man was attacked, beaten, impaled with a stick and left nude by multiple assailants. A trans woman was shot to death by a group of individuals who followed and taunted him. A gay man was attacked at his place of employment. A transgender woman was beaten, raped and killed. These types are reported ...

(Professor/Instructor) (Course/Major)

Source: Law Office of Shawn M. George <http://www.smgapc.com/practice-areas/california-three-strikes-law/ Every generation in the United States has seen new tactics designed to continue the oppression of racial minorities, abjuring the rights the Founding Fathers deemed necessary and irrevocable for all people in the nation. Many African Americans were denied their right to participate in the growth of the new nation. Centuries later, the United States is still far from being called a true “egalitarian society.” Racial segregation and bigotry have been evinced in a number of forms; over the years, these forms have changed and evolved but the ...

Introduction

Policing plays an important part in crime reduction and law enforcement strategies. Thus, the police have a significant say in what elements receive the crime tag and which offenses deserve prioritization. Amidst this organization are a series of approaches that aid in ensuring efficiency in policing. This essay focuses on problem-oriented policing and community-oriented policing as two of the top-most trends.

Community-Oriented Policing

Community-oriented policing (C.O.P) is an ideology that incorporates the traditional elements of law enforcement with problem-solving, prevention measures, community partnerships, and engagement. The goal of this ideology is to establish ties and work closely with community members in ...

CCTV is now a well-recognised way of preventing crime and monitoring private and public spaces. There are still arguments about how well the technology fulfils its intended purpose but also about the long term effects on using the technology on a generation that are often dismissive or fearful of the technology depending on their personal experiences. This paper highlights the historic, economic, environmental, relationships, education and morals of the technology arguing that there are both arguments and counter arguments for CCTV’s effectiveness and its critics. CCTV was installed by Siemens in 1942 to test military V2 rockets in ...

Hate Crimes Prevention Act-2009: An Alternative to the Preceding Policy of Hate Crimes in the US

Introduction The purpose of this study is to analyze the Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2009 as an alternative solution to the preceding hate crime policies in the USA. Hate crimes are referred as the bias-motivated crimes that entail the aspects of message crimes. The person being attacked belongs to certain ethnic, social, or religious sector or the purpose of the attack is his sexual orientation, handicap, physical appearance, nationality or even gender identity. The overall group is threatened by this act of the offenders involved in committing hate crimes. Based on its consequences, there have been periodic evolutions ...

Terrorism, however, is not an average crime. To be sure, terrorism is a specific type of criminal activity, commonly known as a transnational crime. Whereas most criminal acts are local in nature; transnational crimes can be local, national and global at the same time (Luban et al., 2010). Indeed, while a robbery on a San Francisco street would only require the attention of city criminal justice actors; the recent terrorist attack in San Bernardino not only involved local police but also the FBI, the Department of State, as well as authorities in Pakistan. In short, terrorism is criminal activity ...

Question 1

According to Conser, Paynich, and Gingerich (2013), Community Oriented Policing is described as the dynamic, decentralized approach aimed at reducing crime, fear, and crime disorders by ensuring the involvement of the same officer in a particular community for a long time. The police are always expected to maintain a good relationship with the community hence making a reality the historical tradition that renders the police the same as the public and vice versa. The Community Oriented Policing does not work alone but partners with the neighborhood, business associations, schools, and families that are able and willing to deal with ...

Crime can occur in any place so crime prevention programs are needed in every place. Crime prevention programs help to minimise the rate of crimes. Every crime prevention program is unique and the way they perform and carry out their work is not similar. Some crime prevention programs work with groups and some with individuals. In order to implement a crime prevention program, a person or group should come have a common goal and work together in order to achieve their goal which is prevention of crime. Crime prevention programs also work with students because most of the crime starts at an ...

Community policing also known as community-oriented policing can be loosely defined as the strategy of policing aimed at building ties and working closely with members of the communities and the police. With the high rate of crimes in the society, the duty of maintaining law and order is no longer solely in the ambit of the police. The police are more effective when they can depend on residents for help. It is in this breath, therefore, that members of the community are called upon to join hands with the police in enhancing and maintaining the safety and quality of ...

The physical design features in crime prevention.

Physical features in the environment can play a great role in the prevention and reduction of crime. The prevention of crime through physical features focuses on the scenarios in which crimes take place and how to reduce the vulnerability to crimes. This article discusses the assumptions made in this area and the major studies linking the physical features with criminal activity, the fear of crime and other outcomes (Kaplan, 1978). Physical features in a particular setting can affect both the offenders and the residents. Offenders mostly operate rationally, and prefer crimes that call for the least effort, give maximum benefits ...

CPTED or Crime prevention through environmental design is the term which denotes the process of designing our environment in a particular way so as to minimize criminal activity. It advocates developing physical design features of a locality or building in a certain way that would eliminate criminal activities. This strategy focuses on the techniques that could reduce the security vulnerabilities of a particular region.

Origin of CPTED

The theory of CPTED was devised by C. Ray Jeffery, a well-known criminologist. Jeffry’s principles, which he published in 1971, initially were not received well. But later in 1971, Oscar Newman published a book called “Defensible Space: ...

Special Crime Watch Programs

One of the most pertinent crime prevention programs is the special crime watch programs. Speaking of special crime watch programs, this connotes to programs devised by an organized group of citizens. This program mainly aims at preventing vandalism and crime within a given neighbourhood. In a nutshell, special crime watch programs is whereby the community agrees to watch out for suspicious activities and report such activities to the police. In these programs, volunteers from a given city attend trainings on ways of observing and reporting suspicious activities (Miller et al., 2011). Deductively, special crime prevention programs have and continue to offer a comprehensive ...

Prevention strategies prevent crimes. Crime prevention is a concept applied to combat criminal activities through the development of crime prevention programs and strategies. For example, in cases where there are lower levels of crime in communities, lower offending laws and in reoffending by individuals. In crime prevention, researchers examine the influence of formal and informal social mechanisms of control focusing on the influence of family, peers, school and work. In addition, crime prevention strategies target different levels and needs for individuals, parochial and public action in preventing crime. But for any of these strategies to have a long effect, it should ...

One of the ways to fight crime is by preventing it before it even happens. However, it is not possible to prevent crime unless the cause of the crime is known. Once the concerned people have knowledge on the causes of crime, it is easy to take preventive measures. Several programs have been set up for this reason. These programs are meant to serve the society, mainly the youth who are predisposed to crime. Most are established by non-governmental organizations. However, in some cases, government agencies set up such programs in a bid to lower crime rates in a particular area.

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The idea of reducing crime may be easier said than done. For centuries, governments, government departments, and other concerned authorities have battled their way to fully minimize, and in the case of idealists, fully eradicate crimes and incidences of violence, but to no avail. Crimes, both petty and felony crimes, may be present everywhere. Regardless where one goes, even in the most crime-free of all places, there is no one hundred percent guarantee that one would not be victimized by the committers of petty and or felony crimes in the area.

Compared to crime rates in most highly industrialized ...

Analyses of Gang Laws Impact Gangs' Membership in Los Angeles

Problem analysis

Just like any other major city, Los Angeles has had a very high level of gang related activities over the years. Unfortunately, the numbers of gang related activities suggest that Los Angeles’s gang problem is significantly higher than most cities in the United States. Notably, researchers argue that it is due to the high numbers of illegal Mexican immigrants who seek shelters in the cities. In addition, activist activities by black idealist also acted a foundation to some of the major gangs that contribute to the numbers in Los Angeles. The streets of downtown Los Angeles are home ...

Introduction

Organized crime refers to a network of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals in an organized manner and who are engaged in illegal activities. Such criminal organizations are well organized with a clear chain of command and segregation of duties among its members in much a similar way to a lawful organization or government. The only distinction between organized crime organizations and other lawful organizations is that they are engaged in illegal activities. It is organized crime organizations that are usually responsible for transnational crimes. Transnational crimes denote crimes that have significanteffects in more than one country. This is because such transnational crimes ...

According to Chief Julian Fantino, in his article Crime Prevention: Are We Missing the Mark? he states that crime prevention is the duty of every individual and not a task to be only performed by the police as many people think. He also suggests that public education and communication are among the most effective aspects of any crime prevention strategy. Much as the community participates in crime prevention, the police still remain at the front line. However, the community must also be given the required resources to help curb crime (Fantiano, 2012). Timely initiatives must also be implemented. The fact ...

Introduction

Restoration is a process whereby the different parties that have a stake in a particular offence collectively resolve the best way to deal with the offence’s aftermath and the implication that it might have in the future. The purpose of restoration is to essentially restore into the community a group of offenders and victims who have resolved their conflicts.

As a crime prevention response or tactic, restoration strives to understand crime in its social context. It challenges the legal authorities to examine the root causes of violence and crime so that such cycles can be broken. The restoration approach towards crime prevention is ...

Twenty five techniques of situational prevention is a proactive move to keep crime in countries at bay. Its objective is crime prevention: intervening in the casual chain to prevent crime from occurring at all. According to Lab, S. (2004), primary, secondary and tertiary prevention are the main attributes of crime prevention. I will talk about murder; propose a potential solution to the crime, explain how the technique will effectively reduce the possibility of the crime occurrence and results expected on social and crime justice if this technique is applied.

Law enforcement agencies propose different strategies and methods to combat murder; efficient ...

Question 1

Various strengths and weaknesses are associated with the federal engagement in the crime prevention and community safety. Strengths of the crime prevention strategy include direct contact, social development approach and increased funding. The officers engaged in the crime prevention have the opportunity to develop direct contact and relationship with the society they serve (Tilley 2005). The social development approach is also considered as strength because it opens the window of opportunity to the community to handle crime before crime happens. The increased funding that allows expansion for the strategy and enables it to cover more communities also boosts the ...

Violent crimes involve the use of threats and aggressive force on the victim. Such crimes entail violence as the main idea such as in murder and where it is the goal such as in robbery. When using weapons, such crimes are termed as violent, where in most cases except rape, male are the most venerable victims of violent crimes. Classification of violent crimes in criminology is not a well agreed concept as different legal terms and constitutions are used to define various crimes differently. In United States, there are over 53 jurisdictions into violent crimes and murder (Carey, 2001).

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Crime and the criminal justice system

Crime is an act that violates or breaks a given set of rules or laws and which may lead to the person being prosecuted. Crimes vary from region to region and also from the different countries. The constitution governs acts of crime, disputes and also defines the laws of a county or country. When a person commits a crime, the kind of action to be taken against that person and the equivalent punishment are defined within the laws.

Basis through which the society determines the criminality of an individual’s actions

The society uses two main models to determine criminal acts. A violation of any of the issues addressed by this model leads to a criminal act ...

Situational Crime Prevention (SCP) refers to the use of criminal prevention strategies aimed towards the reduction of opportunities of crime (IC, 2014). The opportunities of crime present themselves in the day to day life and activities. The strategies used in the prevention of crime include improving the surveillance in regions that are most likely to attract crime; focusing on potential criminal targets; deflecting potential criminals from areas that attract criminal activities (IC, 2014). Situational crime prevention is valuable because it prevents potential criminals from committing crimes. It also offers safety to the community while reducing the fears of crime. ...

Community policing is a strategy that involves the creation of partnerships between the police and the members of the community (Plant & Scott, 2009). The two parties work closely together so as to prevent crime in the community. In the year 1994, the US established Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) so as to promote community policing. Community policing promotes the strategies of the organization by using techniques aimed at solving problems. The strategy used involves being proactive in addressing conditions that can jeopardize public safety. Public safety can be jeopardized by crime, fear of crime, or social disorder. Crime prevention ...

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Introduction

My place of observation for analyzing a crime spot was a café and bar located in a nearly shady neighborhood, located at the far end of some shops, cornering an isolated alley, which remained isolated most of the time. This neighborhood harbored people belonging to a working class, underprivileged and working hard all their lives. Normally expected in an area like this would be lots of rebellion by the youth, people probably not literate enough because of their lack of resources and low incomes. The youth in such ...

According to Law

Crime is identified as one of the most tough and serious issues of the world and humanity for so many years. Criminal law doles out the crucial responsibility for intended and premeditated unnecessary actions that are against the law. More often than not, the law supposes that people can merely control themselves on some cases wherein they should think first about their actions in a different way based on the probable behavior like self-control. Hence, self control has imperative inferences for the consideration of different behaviors that lead to criminal demeanor and outset of apt penalty. The strength of will ...

Criminal Law

Introduction This paper looks at the claim by Cullen and Gilbert (1982) that “Rehabilitation should be the major goal of any correctional system” (p. 5) and seeks to determine if rehabilitation is the most efficient method to attenuate crime. From the onset of the 20th century, efforts to combat crime have seen a rise in the implementation of rehabilitation as a preferred philosophy or methodology enacted by the justice system in order to reduce this societal challenge. The treatment of criminals was perceived as both efficient in terms of crime prevention and also the treatment of offenders was considered a more ...