Essays on Cleft

Understanding Cleft Palate

Thesis Statement: Recently, cases of cleft palate cases are reported to be increasing. Parents in all part of the world can be worried about facial deformation that results from cleft palate more so if they do not have a good understanding of what cleft palate is. However, the deformities, just like a lot of congenital defects can be managed to make it plausible for patients to lead a normal life.

Search strategy and evaluation of resources:

Cleft palate and other facial malformation can be so detrimental to a child in many different ways. However, the author alludes that the invention of many fascinating clinical interventional ...

Muscle contraction is a very important activity that enables an organism perform various bodily movements and flexible actions, in response to nerve stimuli. Muscle fibers are multinucleated long cylindrical cells that have an outer membrane called sarcolemma, and are mainly composed of contractile elements called myofibrils (Dougherty, 2016). Myofibrils are made up of repeating units called sarcomeres. Sarcomeres in turn are composed of (thin) actin and (thick) myosin protein filaments called myofilaments (Dougherty, 2016). The muscle fiber structure and organization is shown in Fig 1.

Contraction Mechanism – Sliding Filament Theory

According to the sliding filament theory, during contraction myosin filaments remain constant in length, ...

Lis Rodriguez

Lab 1 ASA College Abstract Patau’s syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that involves trisomy 13. The condition is characterised by either an extra copy of the autosomal chromosome number 13 or a translocation to chromosome 13 from another chromosome. There are severe symptoms observed in the unborn and newborn children having this defect. Polydactyly, cleft lips, physical retardation, mental retardation, heart defects are few of the many symptoms. The disease can be diagnosed during gestation via screening methods followed by several analytical procedures like FISH, karyotyping and microarray on samples of blood and serum from the pregnant ...

When a muscle is stimulated, do all motor units fire? Why, or why not?

Not all motor units fire when a muscle is activated. This is because in the reflex, not all motor units are activated (Brown et al, 2006).

1b). Explain how the force of contraction changes with recruitment.

The force of contraction depends on the activation of muscle fibers. When more motor fibers are recruited, a greater contraction force results (Zatsiorsky & Kraemer, 2006). The stimulation of the smallest muscles such as the slow twitch fibers result from the recruitment of the smallest motor nerves which, occurs first (Zatsiorsky & Kraemer, 2006).

1c). with continues recruitment, is there a point at which there is ...

Substance abuse is one of the key factors having a negative impact on pregnancy outcomes. The illicit drug use in women of reproductive age increases year by year in many countries, and the use of drugs, along with misuse of prescriptive drugs such as antidepressants and pain killers during pregnancy is common. Nicotine and alcohol which are the major risk factors for the fetal development itself are often used in combination with other drugs. Many women under special treatment report “polydrug usage” (Whittaker, 2003), a substance abuse can be accompanied by poverty, psychological distress and victimization. According to study by ...

Introduction

Prozac [fluoxetine hydrochloride] is commonly regarded as a first-line therapeutic medication for adolescents due to its supposedly better risk ratio than other antidepressants (Meeker, et al., 2015; Capitao, et al., 2015). It is also currently the most commonly used among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) active ingredients, more than sertraline, escitalopram, venlafaxine (Wagner, 2015). However, its link to suicide cannot be ignored; or to birth defects and low libido (Naish, 2013). Despite the euphoria over it, a dampening cloud can be felt in the background. Is it worth risking adverse effects with Prozac? Is the risk for death or deteriorated ...

[Institute’s name] The research on various types of disorders is being done since time immemorial. New disorders are also being discovered whereas the causes and symptoms of the already existing disorders are also being discoursed upon. Genetic and chromosomal disorders form a branch of the tree of disorders that exist. One of such disorders is called a cleft lip disorder. The description of this condition, its causes and symptoms are elucidated in the paper below. Cleft lip or palate refers to a birth defect of the mouth. The lip or the palate of the baby does not form properly ...

Coordinator Name: Thomas Lyons

Abstract This paper examines the air pollution problem in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Heavy pollution in the city has become a concern because of the increasing cases of health problems. Many babies are being born with defects in vital organs, pregnant women are miscarrying and the level of respiratory disease cases has risen. Although burning of coal in homes, during winter, causes pollution other sources of pollution contribute as well. The high altitude and the mountains surrounding Ulaanbaatar worsen pollution in the city. In winter, the Siberian anticyclone causes the city to have temperature inversion and high pressure, which do not ...

The decrease in world’s petroleum and oil supply has led the nations to look for alternate sources of energy. As a result of this short-supply, unconventional gas reserves are gaining importance as alternative source of crude oil, where the unconventional gas reserves are estimated to contribute to 45% of the US gas production by the year 2035. Large-scale extraction of unconventional natural gas has resulted in the development of new and untested extraction technology such as hydraulic fracturing or hydrofracking, which is expected to develop rapidly in the next few decades near human settlements and pose a health hazard (Adgate, ...

Introduction

Pregnancy is associated with particular risks in women who use alcohol or drugs and this applies to both legal and illegal drugs because the fetus is connected to the blood circulation of a mother. A pregnant woman, who consumes alcohol or drugs, may have premature childbirth, abortion or even if a baby is born then he/she may suffer serious and sometimes life-long damages. Scientifically, it cannot be determined exactly at what amount and frequency of taking various drugs in pregnancy endanger a child. For pregnant women or those who want to be pregnant, there is only one piece of advice to quit ...

The Legal Perspectives of Employee Benefits

Question One Louie violated his obligations to Tony since the procedure for the correction of the cleft palate is not for cosmetic purposes but for medical purposes. It is a birth defect that has to be corrected since children with such a condition encounter feeding or eating difficulties (Martin & Fabes 67). Sunshine Cab Company, as the employer of Tony renege its obligation to provide reasonable claims and appeals procedures for the benefit plans of its employees. The facts of the case will show that it is only Louie De Palma, the Head Dispatcher and the Plan Administrator for the ...

A Thesis

Graduate Faculty of the Requirements for the Degree 2013 All Rights Reserved Introduction This project will focus on the botanical Family Apiaceae in Lafayette and St. Martin parishes, Louisiana. These parishes are spatially adjacent but are distinguished by different ecological habitats, making them botanically diverse. Lafayette Parish contains a prairie complex, St. Martin Parish has large areas of swamps, rivers, and lakes. The only recent publications on the identification and distribution of the Apiaceae in Louisiana occur in) and the USDA Plants database (plants.usda.gov 2011, and Thomas and Allen 1996). Since little is known about ...

Introduction

Teratogen is broadly defined as an environmental agent capable of causing abnormal prenatal variation in form or function. In other words, it can be any environmental factor that can produce a permanent abnormality in structure or function of an embryo or fetus or restriction of growth of an infant (Gilbert-Barness, 2010). In prenatal life, exposure to teratogens may even lead to death of the embryo or fetus. It is estimated that approximately 15% of all congenital structural abnormalities observed in a child are due to exposure to some kind of teratogens during the prenatal life (Brent, 2001). A larger number of ...

Birth Problems and their Long Term Implications

In every couple’s life – may they be married or living together – having a child is a monumental step in their life together. The child is seen as the anchor that binds the family together, and the joy that brings life to the home. Having a child is also seen as a privilege for many couples as not all families are privileged to be able to have a child due to medical complications. However, there are some instances for those who could have children report birth problems or birth defects in one or two of their children. There are many possibilities on why birth ...

Posture analysis can be referred to as an evaluation of person's posture in search of signs of injuries, and poor habits of posture that can result in trauma in the future. In a set up of a clinic, such evaluations of a patient can be important for determination of the sources of postural strain as well as development of a suitable program of treatment. This technique may as well be applied for things such as assisting a person grow a more ergonomic workspace, right athletic shoes, and so on (Toronto Chiropracter, 2013). There has been carried out an extensive study on human posture in ...

Introduction

Speech and articulation disorders do not necessarily lead to disability but these disorders definitely affect an individual in a multitude of ways. An individual suffering from the congenital disorder cleft palate for example, would most likely exhibit obvious signs and symptoms of speech and articulation impairments, mainly because of the anatomical distortion of the muscles and other facial structures used in articulation. These individuals’ speech may well be distorted for the rest of their lives if left untreated because there is no natural way of repairing damaged articulation structures. There is a statistically significant portion of the infant population suffering from ...

Current reports indicate that, in every 9-10000 births worldwide, at least one or two births are CHARGE defects. Babies born with this syndrome are often faced with life threatening defects, which include complex heart issues, and difficulties in breathing, which makes them, spend many months in hospitals undergoing surgeries and treatments. CHARGE is an acronym for Coloboma, which refers to the eye, Atresia or Choanal, Retardation of growth and development, Genital anomaly and Ear anomaly. Vast majorities of CHARGE syndrome cases do not have any historical trace or any similar condition in the family (Deuce et al, 2012). This ...

Perhaps smoking is one of the most well-known types of using drugs. Since it is legal in most countries, it is very much patronized by people of all ages, shapes, sizes and gender. Young and old alike just love the sensation of having a smoke. According to Health Literacy World, there are various reasons why people smoke. For teens, they love smoking because of the pressure from other friends who smoke, they want to be accepted, or they want to look mature. Adults have different reasons. One of the most common reasons is that they want to get over the ...

Babyface: A Story of Heart and Bones (McDermott 2000) is a mother's personal account on dealing with her baby's birth defect called Apert Syndrome, a craniofacial anomaly. Patients with Apert Syndrome typically have tall or high skulls, bulging eyes with the eyelids abnormally tilted at the sides, sunken middle facial area, and unusual webbing of fingers and toes (Apert Syndrome 2011). As McDermott describes in her book, children with this condition share some similar characteristics with patients suffering from Velocardiofacial Syndrome (VCFS). Similarities include elongated facial features, small nostrils, wide nose, open mouth expression, and cleft palate, among others. Aside from ...

According to an article written on November 14th, 2011, in New York Times by Donald McNeil on recent research findings on sickle cell anemia element responsible for its protective nature when it comes to malaria, a lot could be deciphered. Donald first provides an overview of the prevalence of Sickle cell anemia in West Africa and how it can be inherited either resulting to sickle cell trait or sickle cell anemia (McNeil, 2011). The article begins by providing a summary of the morphological changes that occurs at the red blood cell level when a malaria parasite enters a given cell (McNeil, 2011). Donald ...

A person’s lip shape holds much more importance than being a mere facial feature. Older studies of Petajan et al. and more recent works of Daubias , Goecke , and Nakata & Ando , have shown that the movement of the mouth plays a crucial role in speech detection. The Audio Visual Speech Recognition or AVSR and Mobile Phone Visual System for the hearing impaired or MPVS multimedia systems also rely on visual lip reading to function effectively . Further, lip shape and prints can be used as evidence for identifying persons for criminal and forensic purposes. Lip prints of a person remain the same throughout ...

INTRODUCTION

Overcrowded jails filled with violent inmates. Prisons segregated by race. (deliberate fragment). The California prison system currently holds approximately 316,000 inmates across 33 state prisons and dozens of other facilities of varying levels of security (CDCR,gov, 2012). More than 30,000 of these inmates have life sentences. 93% of inmates are male, 7% female; 11.7% of the prison population of California are parole violators. Almost 39% of the prison population of California is Hispanic, 29% black, 27% white and 6% other (CDCR.gov, 2012).

Parole and sentencing legislation in the state of California is far from unique in ...

Introduction

A stroke is a medical condition which is characterized by rapid loss of brain function which is caused by interruption in the blood supply to the various parts of the brain. It can be due to a blockage and it’s known as thrombosis or lack of blood flow known as ischemia or a leakage of blood that is hemorrhage (Feigin, 2005). It results in the person’s inability to move certain parts of the body. The brain is designed in such a way that the right hemisphere always controls the left side of the body while the left hemisphere controls the ...

Introduction

The medical field of plastic surgery is growing in popularity among people. Statistics have shown that the rate of awareness and plastic surgeries that have conducted has actually doubled in size and number. It has been found that within 1996 and 2000, the number of cosmetics surgeries that have been conduction has doubled from about one million to three million in the United States (Loftus, Jean) while between the year 2000 and 2008, the rate as actually double again making the procedure one of the fastest medical procedures in the U.S (Loftus, Jean). The rate is being speculated to ...

a) Explain why the effort of hormonal (Endocrine ) control tends to be slow whereas nervous control is usually very fast.

Endocrine control is normally slower when compared to nervous control majorly because hormones once released by the endocrine gland have to travel via the circulation to reach their target receptors on the effector organ which generally takes more time. Meanwhile, information relayed by nerves is in form of impulses (that is, action potentials generated due to electrical excitation produced by a change in the charge across the surface membrane of the neuron evoked by the stimuli) that simply travel along the ...