Essays on Acidic

Abstract

Herbivores exclusively feed on plants while carnivores feed on meat. These food preferences mean that there are differences in the oral cavities, the stomach, the small intestines and the entire digestive tract mechanisms of the two types of animals. While carnivores such as lions have short digestive tracts with stronger and more acidic digestive juices because meat is easier to digest, herbivores such as zebras have long digestive tracts that are alkaline to increase the rate of digestion and absorption of plant materials. The basic difference between carnivores and herbivores is that they exclusively feed on meat and plants ...

Question #1

Hazards posed when one interacts with hazardous materials available at the refinery and related facilities, including the by-products, incident fire and release of acidic gas. Crude oil consists of petroleum hydrocarbons. When the products are discharged into the environment through leakage, spillage, or combustion; physical, chemical as well as biological activities occur. The aliphatic compounds in crude oil react with oxidizing compounds like nitric acid, oxygen or heat; they burn to generate carbon II Oxide and water. Sulfur in crude oil burns in air to produce sulfur dioxide. At about 400 – 500 ppm, exposure to sulfur oxide is considered ...

An acid is a solution that loses hydrogen ions. Common household acids include vinegar and citrus fruit juice. In contrast, a base is a solution that gains hydrogen ions. Acidic substances often taste sour whereas bases taste bitter and feel slippery. Since the tasting or touching of acids and bases can be harmful to human health, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, 2013) recommends the use of indicators to test for the acidity or alkalinity of substances. Typically, indicators such as litmus paper change color when exposed to acids or bases (Stanley et al., 2015). As such, the present ...

Sulfur dioxide is considered one of the most harmful contaminant present in our environment today. It not only pollutes the land, but also pollutes water and air. The main reason for its contamination is the acidic nature it possesses. When sulfur dioxide combines with the surrounding water, it forms Sulfuric acid, which damages the soil, and hence affecting the plants which grow in this soil. On the other hand, Organic pollutants such as hydrocarbons are not very harmful because there are no acidic components in it. These pollutants decompose naturally and give of water, which causes no harm to ...

Introduction

Nutritional therapy is gaining popularity in the treatment and management of diseases. This paper will seek to address two disease conditions that have employed the use of nutritional therapy in their treatment and management regimens. The diseases which will be discussed include peptic ulcers and type 2 diabetes.

Condition 1- Peptic ulcers

Condition Description/ diagnostic criteria A peptic ulcer is a disease that is noted to affect the stomach as well as the duodenum region (the proximal bit). The diagnosis of the disease is based on the presence of clinical features as well as the use of specific laboratory tests. Diagnosis is not ...

Based on the patient’s subjective and objective assessment, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and tonsillitis feature predominantly as the most probable causes of the symptoms. While a differential diagnosis points to the possibility of these two diseases, it is evident that tonsillitis can be ruled out from the case since there no signs of swollen tonsils or difficulties in swallowing (Weinberger & Fischer, 2014). Swelling of tonsils and pain are classical symptoms of tonsillitis but based on the subjective assessment findings, these symptoms are absent. As such, this GERD the primary cause of the symptoms and the most probable diagnosis ...

Transcriptional regulation of gene expression

Gene expression in eukaryotic cells is regulated at transcriptional, post transcriptional and translational levels (Tomizawa,  Lekstrom-Himes, and Xanthopoulos 17). Transcriptional control is the primary means of regulating gene expression. Eukaryotic transcriptional control functions at three levels: modulation of the activities of activators and repressors; variations in chromatin structure; and effect of activators and repressors on assembly of initiation complexes (Lodish et al. 368). Regulation of transcription initiation is the most widespread form of gene control in eukaryotes. However, in some cases, transcription may be attenuated and regulated at subsequent steps, such as during or after the transcription process (Cooper ...

A sustainable community is one in which regional ecological characteristics can be realized and can persist for many generations appreciating a healthy surrounding, better community life, and a productive economy. A city that is considered sustainable should be able to improve the well-being of its residents without affecting or causing harm to the natural world. Air contamination has emerged as one of the most critical problems affecting the realization of a sustainable community, especially in urban areas. My community, in particular, is a victim of this circumstance and strategies are being put forth to curb this problem. Air pollution ...

In order for proper implementation of the project, study participants, volunteers, and public representatives would have to be identified and recruited. The purpose of recruiting representatives/volunteers are to educate and promote the concept and importance of treatment and prevention of IAD among elderly women in acute care settings. The education and training of these volunteers should be kept as priority before the commencement of the project and the recruitment of study participants. The volunteers would also act as a mediator between the study team and the scientific committee involved in the conduct of the study. Each volunteer and representative ...

Identification of the Unknown Microorganisms

Unknown #1 Unknown #2 1. The identification of bacterial strains is a common practice in clinical and medical fields. The ubiquitously present microorganisms can be both, beneficial or harmful to the host they attack or inhabit. Since times, several biochemical characteristics have been identified for many bacteria that commonly are related to humans. These characteristics and morphology have been arranged in a systematic way to identify the targeted unknown microorganism along with ruling out the ones giving negative results for the characteristic tests. This way the search was narrowed down for each of the two unknown microorganisms. The Gram ...

An acid is defined as a chemical substance that is capable of forming an aqueous solution with the ability to turn a blue litmus paper red, have a sour taste and form salts when it reacts with certain metals and bases. A substance will qualify to be an acid if it is capable of increasing the number of hydrogen ions when dissolved in water, or the capability of that substance to be deprotonated, act as a proton donor during reactions. A base is a substance that in aqueous solution feels slippery, has a bitter taste, and is capable of ...

The rapid rate of industrialization today has caused the world to develop some environmental concerns. China, one of the most populated countries in the world, has had fast hand experience of these problems. Due to heavy machinery use and the nation being the world's leading source of environmental carbon-emission, health concerns have been reported and a number of threats documented. This essay is going to discuss the various aspects of environmental pollution such as the causes, effects, how big the problem is, and how these concerns have been addressed. Air pollution is one of the critical environmental concerns in ...

There are various ions that are responsible for the acidic or basic nature of a substance. The hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions are both responsible for the acidic and basic nature of substance respectively. A neutral substance contains equal number of hydrogen ions (H+) as well as hydroxide ions (OH-) An acid is substance that dissolve and donate hydrogen ions leading to more number of hydrogen ions in a solution. A substance that dissolves water and release hydroxide ions is considered a base. A base has more number of hydroxide ions as compared to hydrogen ions hence basic. Alkalinity ( ...

Introduction

In 2014 Flint Michigan found itself captured in the national headlines after high levels of trihalomethanes (THMs) and lead concentrations were found in the water system. This was after a terrible decision was made by the Flint Michigan city council of switching the water supply from a Detroit plant treated water system to the local Flint River water supply. The decision was made because the city council officials believed that the new proposed water system would assist in saving a lot of money little did they know that they would cause a significant problem to the society. Soon after ...

Article #1:

The article focussed on the breeding behaviours of emperor penguins that are recently discovered with the help of satellites. Mostly it is believed that penguins lay their eggs on sea ice that is fast and stable and that remains intact under the chick fledge. Fretwell and co-workers conducted this study on forty-six colonies emperor penguins. The recent observation revealed that few colonies of emperor penguins breed on ice-shelves instead of sea ice. Due to rapid climate changes and the incidence of ice melting the penguin population has declined and very close to extinction. It is a big concern that ...

The phenomenon of pollution is not a new one as there are different forms of pollution prevailing in our environment. There are various types of pollution and most of them are interrelated. This paper will delineate some of the major types of pollution and the remedial measures to minimize the pollution. The scientists have declared that the burning of the fossil fuels coal and petroleum results in the production of the carbon dioxide as one of the most major products of greenhouse gasses. Another reason for an increase in air pollution is the high amount of saturation of CFC’ ...

Introduction

Sushi rice, in broad terms, is a variety of short-grain, white rice seasoned with a mixture of vinegar, sugar and salt (Knipple, Knipple and Edge 2012). The sushi rice, upon preparation, can be served with raw ready-to-eat accompaniments such as seafood and seaweeds. Notably, the sushi meal preparation goes through a lot of handling, and its accompaniments could be eaten raw. As such, the meal needs cautious handling during preparation, storage and display to assure food safety. Additionally, it requires specified conditions such as pH level and temperature to prevent the growth of bacterial and survival of pathogens that ...

QUESTIONS ON BIOCHEMISTRY

Questions on Biochemistry Describe the difference between an obligate and a facultative aerobe. Obligate and facultative aerobes are the same in terms of their ability to use oxygen in their respiration process. However, obligate aerobes requires oxygen to oxidize substrates such as sugar and fat to produce ATP (energy). Obligate aerobes are more efficient in converting substrates to ATP. The key process in aerobic respiration is the conversion of sugar to ATP shown in reaction 1 below:

In the reaction 36 molecules of ATP is produced per molecule of glucose. It is actually a slow process which comprises 3 ...

Introduction:

Corrosion refers to the partial and gradual dissolution of materials used in water treatment and supply systems, pumps, pipes, tanks and valves. In most circumstances, almost all water is corrosive and this may lead to structural failure, water leaks, capacity losses and deterioration of the microbial and chemical water quality (WHO 2011). The pipes used in water distribution are made of different materials such as plastic, metals (galvanized steel, copper, lead and iron), and even concrete. Pipes made from concrete and plastic tend to be corrosion resistant. In piping systems, however, there are several water quality factors working singly ...