Essays on Type 2 Diabetes

The nature versus nurture argument is one of the oldest discussions in psychology. The debate revolves around the contributions of environmental factors and genetic inheritance to the growth and development of human beings (Zaky, 2015). Different branches of science rely on one part of the discussion. Nature is the influence of biological factors and genetic inheritance while nurture is the influence of external factors such as experience, exposure, and learning. This discussion is used in explaining medical conditions such as medical disorders and diseases such as diabetes. The position of medical professionals on this discussion can influence the kind ...

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder, which is based on the formation of insulin deficiency and an increase in blood glucose levels. Among metabolic disorders the diabetes occupies a second place after obesity. In the world about 10% of the population suffer from diabetes, however, when one considers hidden form of the disease, this figure can be 3-4 times higher. Diabetes develops due to chronic deficiency of insulin and it is accompanied by disorders of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. By interfacing with other diseases endocrinology highlights symptomatic (secondary) and true diabetes. Symptomatic diabetes accompanies diseases of the endocrine ...

(Author’s affiliation) Diabetes is a polygenic disease characterized by significantly higher levels of glucose in the blood. In this disorder, metabolic disorders lead to persistent thirst (polydipsia) and excessive level of urination (polyuria). Diabetes is caused by insulin-related disturbances in the body. In healthy human beings, pancreatic β cells have insulin that is found as a hexamer having three insulin dimers attached together by two central zinc ions. The insulin monomer has a 21-residue A chain as well as a 30-residue B chain. These chains are cross-linked by two disulfide bridges, i.e. CysA20-CysB19 and CysA7-CysB7. There is also a ...

According to Healthy People 2020 (2017), DM tends to occur when the body fails to produce sufficient insulin or fails to respond effectively to insulin. Insulin is responsible for the release of sugar required to energize the body’s cells. Therefore, when the insulin signaling system is affected, the body suffers from elevated levels of blood glucose, leading to metabolic abnormalities. Healthy People 2020 (2017) identifies three types of DM as expounded below: Type 1 Diabetes- This condition is commonly found in children and young adults. Affected individuals experience extremely high blood sugar levels as a result of the ...

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Abstract

The healthcare providers are focused to enhance the healthcare status in the country by means of remaining responsive towards the healthcare need of the nation. The public healthcare organizations address the healthcare need the residents at the national level by offering the effective healthcare services. The current paper has conducted the situational analysis by means of conducting PESTEL and SWOT analysis to assess the external and internal environment and it has been observed that Hamad Medical Corporation has the potential and resource to extend its healthcare services to address the wellbeing of the nation in a broader ...

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Corresponding Address and email)

A 71-year old patient was admitted to the hospital. The patient had a history of type-2 diabetes, peripheral vascular insufficiency, and severe kind of chronic kidney disease (i.e. Stage 5) that was occurred due to diabetic nephropathy. In the past 10 months, the patient underwent the process of hemodialysis 3 times per week for 3 hours and 30 minutes every time. The patient was increasingly showing forgetfulness in the past year. In the past 2 weeks, the patient also started showing confusion and having visual hallucinations, and the symptoms of the patient become more persistent in ...

Abstract

Regretfully, diagnosis of diabetes is very common nowadays. Diabetes has become a worldwide epidemic and one of the leading causes of premature morbidity and mortality because it often leads to amputation of limbs, loss of sight, kidney failure and provokes cardiovascular disease. However, it is not that hard to suspect a high risk of developing diabetes or the disease itself before the analysis of blood sugar levels. Many of the signs of diabetes are visible to the naked eye. Paying attention to them in timely manner can avoid the severe consequences of the disease. Patients with diabetes can lead ...

Type 2 diabetes is also referred to as NIDD, which stands for non-insulin dependent diabetes. This diseases presents no symptoms at an early stage but then advances from insulin resistance to hyperglycemia and then full blown diabetes that requires medical attention. The most prescribed course of treatment is the use of sulfonylureas with diet and exercise. Type II diabetes can be attributed to mutations in various genes (Halsted and Edelman, 2000). Risk factors that increase the chance of getting Type II diabetes are aging, being inactive and obesity (Halsted and Edelman, 2000). Glipizide was first commercially marketed in 1984. ...

Preventive health care is the provision of preventive services with the aim of identifying probable health risks and chronic ailments while at the onset phase. The basic preventive services include prescriptions, physical exams, screening, immunizations, and lab tests. The Affordable Care Act has standards which help gauge if individuals and their families qualify for free preventive services. This subject has become a subject of great debate especially following the ongoing presidential campaigns. The aspirants, particularly Hillary Clinton, are determined to reduce the escalating health costs through preventive health care (Cohen, Neumann, & Weinstein, 2008). According to researchers, preventive and primary ...

Down syndrome was said to be the first intellectual disability syndrome and, at the same time, the most common form of genetic intellectual disability. People started to become aware of this syndrome when Esquirol (1845) wrote about it, although it was Down (1887) who first created an accurate description of the said syndrome (Scorza et al., 2011, p.719). It is one of the most common congenital chromosome anomaly, in which there happens to be “one extra copy of chromosome 21 in cells in the body” (Down Syndrome Ireland, 2013, p.3). This irregularity may thus, affect the physical and intellectual ...

The team of specialists provided a research on the role of Gleevec in the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. This study was published in the journal Diabetes in 2016 and presents a new intervention for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults and children. The main problem is that obesity is widespread nowadays, it results in diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. The key idea is that Gleevec can be a novel therapeutic agent for use in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes only if its potential adverse effects will be removed (Choi 2016). However, ...

Diabetes mellitus is said to be one of the most medical conditions in many places around the world, affecting around 347 million adults in the year 2013 alone (Pal et al., 2013, p.2). Out of this number, as much as 90 percent of them have type 2 diabetes, which is a complex medical condition, as it can lead to heart attacks and heart strokes (Pal et al., 2013, p.2). In the year 2010 however, almost half of those who were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus are within the 20-60 age group that has a 2-to-4-fold increased risk of having cardiovascular ...

Childhood Obesity: An Overview

The rate of childhood obesity remains to be high in the past years. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015b), 17 percent of children and teenagers or 12.7 million young individuals in the United States are affected by obesity during the past decades. Childhood obesity in children is determined by the child’s body mass index (BMI). Compared to children of the same weight and gender, a child is considered obese if his or her BMI is in the 95th percentile (Anderson & Butler, 2006). This is a serious condition. Obesity increases mortality and morbidity and presents ...

There has been a sustained increase in the prevalence of diabetes since the last decade of the pas millennium as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012) have found. The number of diagnosed cases by 2010 was estimated at 18.8 million. In additional, another 7 million cases of diabetes remain undiagnosed. This undermines the efforts to curtail the rising prevalence. On the management side, physicians need to determine whether the patient has Type 1 or Type2 diabetes. This distinction is important in the management because while Type 1 is dependent on insulin, diet programs and exercise are viable ...

Introduction

Nutritional therapy is gaining popularity in the treatment and management of diseases. This paper will seek to address two disease conditions that have employed the use of nutritional therapy in their treatment and management regimens. The diseases which will be discussed include peptic ulcers and type 2 diabetes.

Condition 1- Peptic ulcers

Condition Description/ diagnostic criteria A peptic ulcer is a disease that is noted to affect the stomach as well as the duodenum region (the proximal bit). The diagnosis of the disease is based on the presence of clinical features as well as the use of specific laboratory tests. Diagnosis is not ...

Diabetes is a chronic disease that requires continuous medical care, ongoing patient self-management education and support to prevent its advancement and the occurrence of acute complications. It also requires evidence-based recommendations and management to reduce the risk of long-term complications. Of importance to note is that diabetes care is a complex endeavor that revolves around many issues that go beyond the glycemic control management. Research has shown that other interventions are required to support the improvement of diabetes outcomes (Burant, 2012). These are caring standards provided by patients, researchers, payers, and clinicians. These standards address how children suffering from ...

Yoga, A holistic approach to chronic health condition: A review of literature

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of leading causes of mortality and morbidity around the globe with its clinical presence affecting the economics of most developed nations. Hypertension, chronic low back pain, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and depression are all lifestyle related health conditions which can be easily prevented. Based on current evidence, chronic psychological stress is associated with glucose intolerance, hypertension, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidaemia which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (Bali. 2013). Based on recent evaluation on complimentary and alternate treatments that are associated with the psychosocial factors of chronic disease such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. ...

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death in developed and industrialised nations owing to sedentary and unhealthy lifestyle. Diabetes accounts for over 5 million deaths around the globe annually (Bhutani & Bhutani S. 2014). Diabetes can be controlled and complications arising due to diabetes can be prevented or controlled; however, due to the lack of awareness and education, most people suffer from chronic complications such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and hypertension. Based on current evidence, early detection and control is a recommended intervention in reducing the morbidity and mortality of the disease. There has been significant advancements in ...

The following questions pertain to:

George, S., & Thomas, S. (2010). Lived experience of diabetes among older, rural people. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(5), 1092-1100.

What is the purpose of this research?

What is the research question (or questions)? This may be implicit or explicit. The research question was not specified. A likely research question can be stated as “What are the lived experiences and views of insulin-dependent diabetic rural older adults on diabetes self-management? Did the authors describe the research design of this study? If so, give a description.

Describe the population (sample) for this study.

The sample was 10 female English-speaking, rural-based, insulin-dependent diabetic older adults between the ages of 65 and 85 years aged ...

The evaluation phase is the next step after implementing a research initiative. It involves the assessment of a project to determine its relevance and whether the goals of the project have been met. Measuring project outcomes is an effective way of gauging the success of a change process. Evaluation enhances efficiency and sustainability. DSME initiatives aim at helping diabetic persons to gain knowledge and skills relevant in the modification of behavior and lifestyle. Diabetes literacy improves self-management and prevents disease complications. Measuring DSME outcomes helps educators in analyzing behavior change (American Association of Diabetes Educators, 2011). It also informs ...

The study of endocrinology looks into ordinary and abnormal hormonal behavior. The endocrine system includes internal organs that secretes hormones. That is to say, endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream. These endocrine glands are essential organs of the human body that imperative to maintain various human functions, not to mention, life itself. Hormonal glands that make up the endocrine system influence many relevant factors such as pregnancy, capability to breast feed, and also the process of a child developing normally. The endocrine system aids in the regulation of a human’s basic bodily functions. Given that, these functions ...

Identification of the Problem

The PICOT question for this clinical case is stated as follows: P-Individual with diabetes I-Improved Lifestyle C-Normal Lifestyle O-Reduced Incidences of Diabetes Complications T-With six months In individual with diabetes, how can improved lifestyle as compared to normal lifestyle reduce the incidences of diabetes complications within six months? In the clinical setting, diabetes is a condition that affects patients of all ages, genders and socioeconomic standing. As of 2014, the number of people with diabetes stood at 422million. In adults aged 18 years and above it affects over 8% of the population and the prevalence has been rapidly on ...

Nursing Interventions In The Management Of Diabetes

Describe your methodological design. I propose to conduct a primarily quantitative study that will measure a number of CDC certified diabetes nurses educators and .evaluate success of tailor patient, self-managed diabetes goals (eg: A1C, blood pressure, cholesterol, weight, amount of physical activity using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) (Tabak et al. 403-06) in primary care setting. Nurses or medical staff feedback concerning the feasibility of translation to will be optional to eliminate burden; if a substantial amount of data is collected it will be analyzed. Since this form of data collection is unknown, it does not truly meet the ...

Type 2 diabetes is featured by the conflation of insulin resistance and inappropriate insulin secretion. The levels of free fatty acids increase the plasma contribution to the insulin resistance which, in turn, decreases the transportation of glucose to the muscle cells and enhances the breakdown of the fat. The pathophysiology of the disease is debated on account of the role of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell functioning. Additionally, the specific roles played by these factors are still unclear. Nonetheless, there is considerable agreement that both these factors are crucial to explaining the disease's pathophysiology. Diabetes Type II typically exists when ...

Introduction

Nowadays, people are becoming more at risk of different types of illnesses. The acquisition of these diseases may have been caused by different factors, such as food intake, alcohol drinking, smoking, and many others. Generally, individual’s health may rely on how a person takes care of the body itself. Lifestyle plays significant roles in promoting good health as well as in disease prevention. One of the illnesses that affect many individuals is the Diabetes. The purpose of this study is to present the factors that influence the development of diabetes as well as the essential approached that can ...

Diabetes is a chronic illness characterized by absent or reduced pancreatic production of insulin and decreased cellular sensitivity to insulin. The result is a rise in blood sugar levels which does harm to body tissues. Obesity, or a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater, accounts for up to 85% of an individual’s risk of having type 2 diabetes (T2DM), which is the more common type (Eckel et al., 2011). Statistics show that obesity occurs more in older adults with more than a third of adults 65 years old and over considered obese (Eckel et al., 2011). ...

Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome, defined as a constellation of risk factors that include dyslipidemia, abnormal glucose tolerance, increased adiposity, and hypertension, has been linked with type 2 diabetes (Liu et al., 2006). The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is disproportionately higher and increasingly rapid amongst Aboriginal Canadians than among the non-Aboriginal Canadian population and has reached what some consider as “epidemic proportions” (Ghosh & Gomes, 2011; Sharp, 2009). Diabetes results from an interaction of a host of risk factors. This paper will review a study by Liu et al. (2006) that investigates the etiology of metabolic syndrome which is ...

Project Plan

The Ace Star Model of Knowledge Transformation will be used to help guide the planned change process. The ACE Star Model will describe the project and help recognize the process of knowledge discovery and transformation (Stevens, 2012). This model focuses on knowledge transformation for organizational or individual use, but this DNP project will base on organizational change. The ACE Star Model addresses factors that influence adoption of innovation and composed of five major stages. The first step in the ACE Star Model is discovery – search for knowledge. The second step is evidence summary - conduction a rigorous systematic review ...

Diabetes in its generality is a condition that is associated with elevated blood sugar levels. When these elevations persist, the patient may experience cases of disturbance of other body systems and leading to poor functionality and ultimately a chronic condition that affects their quality of life. Type-2 diabetes (T2DM) is the most common type of diabetes whose impact on the health of populations has significantly been documented (Murrock, Taylor & Marino, 2013). Apparently, among the documented aspects of health disparities, T2DM is noted as one of the biggest health challenges for African Americans. The prevalence is even higher among women ...

DQ week 5

What health risks associated with obesity does Mr. C. have?

Is bariatric surgery an appropriate intervention? Why or why not?

Considering that the patient has a BMI of BMI = 29.55 kg/m2, bariatric surgery is a good option for him. Bariatric surgery is recommended for patients with a BMI of beyond 25 and who have been ascertained to indicate any other signs of extreme obesity. Bariatric surgery is a life-altering process but it has been noted to have positive impact on the life of the patient especially those with chronic severe obesity issues and this helps them reduce weight and subsequently maintain weight at a level that is manageable. It ...

Abstract

This study focuses on the issue of diabetes among the people of Asian origin. It begins by describing diabetes as a recent pandemic that has imposed a significant burden on diabetic patients and healthcare providers. Diabetes is primarily a metabolic disorder that elevates the level of blood sugar and, hence, causes various complications, including death. The disease is common in Asian communities due to genetic factors, diet, and lifestyle trends. Thus, there is a need for skilled medical professionals, such as nurses, to increase diabetes awareness, encourage the adoption of preventive measures, and promote diabetes care among Asians. As ...

Crohn’s Disease is a chronic condition grouped under Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) which causes inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract especially at the beginning of the colon and the end of the ileum. It can also affect the entire thickness of the bowel wall. This disease is usually manifested in symptoms such as: persistent diarrhoea, rectal bleeding, urgent need to move bowels, altered taste sensation, loss of appetite, sweating at nightime, fever, loss of appetite, sensation of incomplete evacuation of stool, constipation and in women, loss of normal menses (Greenstein p.400). Apart from medication, the disease is also treated ...

Organization:

The human body is home to a variety of organisms ranging from the minute bacteria to eukaryotic mites. Demodex folliculorum is a small arthropod that lives in human hair follicles and sebaceous glands. D. folliculorum and the closely related D. brevis live in a commensal relationship on humans and are harmless in the normal course of events. Demodex was first discovered by Henle in 1841 and described by Simon Akbulatova in 1842. The existence of the mite in cadavers was established by Stcherbatchoff in 1903 and later by Gmeiner in 1908. Riechers and Kopf in 1969 showed that maximum ...

The goal of every nurse practitioner is to work with the patients in achieving healing and good health. In this process, the nurse makes a number of decisions. For these decisions to be successful in providing the expected outcome, nurses are expected to base their decisions on well validated scientific evidences. This is called evidence based practice. It is important to know where one is getting with once decisions and this is the fundamental for evidence based practice. This will ensure that the clinical practice is based on the foundation of strong scientific knowledge. Likewise, diabetes specific evidence based ...

CDC (2012) defines social media as online communication tools that facilitate exchange of information, interaction, engagement, and sharing of ideas and other content over networks. In the recent past, the use of social has gained immense popularity, and the healthcare industry has not been left behind. Disease prevention through health promotion depends heavily on shared information, as the information empowers the public on issues affecting their health. Information access has been revolutionalized by social media, and as Heldman, Schindelar & Weaver (2013) posits, it is imperative to take the information to the people. 67% of internet users are active users ...

In the medical field, there are constant inventions that are intended to improve the quality of care for patients. These interventions are based on qualitative and quantitative research whose results indicate the effectiveness of the practice on different patients. Patients living with medical conditions like Diabetes rely on these practices to make their lives better. The adoption of the interventions is based on how well the medical professions understand it and how it changes the lives of their patients. The following is a detailed look at one of the practices and how I would ensure its adoption in a ...

Diabetes type 2 is a chronic disorder affecting metabolism. It is characterised by high level of glucose in blood, lack of insulin and resistance of the body to insulin action. This article outlines the pertinent aspects of the disease and how dietary plan affects its prevention and management. It is classified under lifestyle diseases because it is caused by changes in how people eat and level and nature of day-to-day activities occasioned by the current living standards.

Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes

Signs and symptoms of this condition develop progressively over a period. It is possible that a person would have Type 2 Diabetes ...

The patient presented in this case suffers from metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of health problems that is associated with the presence of obesity and tissues resistance to insulin. The metabolic syndrome is a condition that causes a myriad of problems in the body such that the body becomes incapable of maintaining the circulation of the useful energy molecules such as glucose and lipids in the right quantities in the bloodstream (Huang, 2009). Other associated disorders of metabolic syndrome include high blood pressure and dyslipidemia. The lipid problem is characterized by elevated levels of triglycerides and ...

Summary of the teaching plan

Health promotion is a vital activity across the lifespan of an individual. Thus, older people are not too old to start exercising, change their diets or stop smoking, etc. This teaching plan is aiming to teach older adults about the prevalence of diabetes, the risk factors, and the available prevention measures. It will focus on the teaching strategies to be adopted by the older adults so as to accommodate for the typical aging changes. This is because chronic illnesses tend to increase after 50 to 60 years old and hence, there is a need for seniors to focus on ...

Quantitative Study

Vamos, E. P. et al. (2012). Association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and all cause mortality in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: retrospective cohort study. British Medical Journal, 1-10. Retrieved from: http://www.bmj. com/conte nt / bmj/345/bmj.e5567.full.pdf

Research Problem and Purpose

Vamos et al. (2012) posit that maintaining a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg is recommended for the population diagnosed with hypertension, and an even lower blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg is recommended for people with chronic conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, clarity on the effects of the blood pressure on all-cause mortality is currently lacking.

Hypotheses and Research Questions

...

Magnesium is an essential nutrient

Magnesium is a mineral which is of great abundance in the human body. Along with enzymes, it is important for protein synthesis, muscle regulation and a host of other important cellular factors such as oxidative phosporylation, energy production which involves production and utilization of ATP and glycolysis. Additionally, Magnesium is required to assist in different cellular processes such as DNA replication and transcription and RNA translation(Barbagallo, 2012). Magnesium is found usually in the bones and or in the soft tissues of humans. Next to Potassium, it is the most abundant ion in the body. The plasma actually contains ...

Energy drinks are a comparatively new phenomenon. They appeared on the market not so long ago, but have already managed to win popularity with consumers. Their target audience is young people – strong and healthy who want and, often, need to stay awake, alert, and active for longer hours. Therefore, advertising campaigns and marketing strategies of energy drink companies aim at this age sector of the market. Producers make packaging bright and attractive; they make the taste sweet and flavored in order to appeal to young people; and they stress the characteristics which can be luring to that age category. ...

Part a

I was privileged to interview the Nurse Manager in the facility that I am currently undertaking my practicum with the intentions of having a better understanding of the working of the organization. She informed that the overall goal for the operation of the facility is that at the end of it all, the levels of patient satisfaction will be high, job satisfaction on the side of care will be improved while the reputation of the facility is targeted at remaining high on the eyes of the clientele.

The specific objectives and goals of the organization, however, are as follows;

• To have a process that is targeted at approving and revising both ...

Researchers have paid a particulate attention to the existing health problems related to type 2 diabetes mellitus. They have performed empirical, systematic, and integrative researches in order to evaluate the effects of variant A1C for the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Elderly patients with diabetes type 2 are affected by these variations as compared to the “normal” levels in 6 months. These effects range from the faulty record of A1C results to the complex disease, depression and stress factors leading to low results. This paper reviews the empirical, systematic, and integrative literature in order to avail information on ...

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes is a category under the disease diabetes and before we jump into the discussion, there are a few things worth mentioning in relation to diabetes. This disease can attack anyone it has no specific weaknesses of attack. Research indicates that over 380 million people worldwide are affected by the disease (White et al., 2013). This makes the disease kill more people than both AIDS and breast cancer does in the entire world. With a claim of 1 person in a span of every three minutes in the USA. Diabetes is a metabolic disease where the body ...

Absrtact

The paper presents the definition, risk factors, and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycaemia. The people with hyperlipidemia, family history of diabetes, and higher body mass index are in the high risk group. The common complications of type 2 diabetes are neurologic, ophthalmologic, foot ulcer or amputation, renal hypertension, coronary artery and chronic kidneay diseases. The results of the numerous trials, cases, and researches are presented. The modern understanding of anti-diabetes therapy includes pharmacological treatment, correction of the diet (calories restriction and adequate sodium intake), minimization of sedentary ...

Diabetes is an ailment that is a consequence of uncontrolled levels of insulin in the body. In this regards, the two types of diabetes differ in terms of their reaction to insulin. Type 1 diabetes occurs as a result of the body’s attack on its own immune system thereby providing a hostile environment for cells responsible for the development of insulin. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes occurs as a result of the production of insufficient amounts of insulin as required by body organs. As such, the inadequate levels are supplemented by medication such as insulin injections ...