Essays on Venom

(Author’s affiliation) Diabetes is a polygenic disease characterized by significantly higher levels of glucose in the blood. In this disorder, metabolic disorders lead to persistent thirst (polydipsia) and excessive level of urination (polyuria). Diabetes is caused by insulin-related disturbances in the body. In healthy human beings, pancreatic β cells have insulin that is found as a hexamer having three insulin dimers attached together by two central zinc ions. The insulin monomer has a 21-residue A chain as well as a 30-residue B chain. These chains are cross-linked by two disulfide bridges, i.e. CysA20-CysB19 and CysA7-CysB7. There is also a ...

Novel drug sourced from snake venom

Abstract The cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have continued to be some of the leading death causes across the globe. In the recent times, the field of medicine has received substantial advancements, particularly in the areas of pharmacological treatment and the prevention of the disorders such as the plasminogen activators, platelets GPIIb/IIIa antagonists and the direct thrombin inhibitors. The development of the novel drug, the tirofiban sourced from the Echis carinatus venom been highly reported to be of great importance. Tirofiban, an anticoagulant factors isolated from Echis carinatus has a variety of immune responses that includes both acute inflammatory responses ...

QUESTIONS FOR PAPER “A”

Question 1: Research problem The problem addressed by the research is the scorpion envenoming which is a primary challenge in the most part of the universe. Additionally, the provision of an adequate remedy by health services to this problem has not been easy because the treatment of scorpionism is too complicated. Therefore, the research is addressing the possible treatment to this disease by considering various experiments carried out by using polyclonal antiserum that has been disinfected from the serum of hyperimmune horse (Muyldermans et al 179).

Question 2: Adjuvant utilization

In this research, Freund’s adjuvant was utilized. This was done by mixing ...

Spider-man is a fictional character, which firstly appeared in comic book as the super hero that saves city citizens from evil and cruel anti-heroes. This idea came up to Stan Lee and Steve Ditko. There were no such comics as Spider-man in 1962, but he has been shown in Amazing Fantasy (cover-dated Aug. 1962) comic book. This fresh idea became a revolution in comics; people loved it. Kids waited in line-ups to get a new, just published comic book with another story that happened to our hero. As we look through comics, we can see that this series can last long. Spider-man ...

INTRODUCTION

All across the globe there are amazing ecosystems that contain millions of differing plants, animals, and insects. These creatures and life forms both great and small, each and everyone are ideally adapted for the environments that they call home. One such rich ecosystem is the Sonora Desert. This locale is a vast desert that stretches across multiple states in the southwestern areas of the United States. Of all of the many reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals that call the desert home, there is one creature more than any that remains entirely misunderstood; Aphonopelma chalcodes, also known as the Arizona Blond ...

God has created all creatures. It is amazing to discover that each creature is unique in its own sense and does not resemble the other creature completely. The various creatures on earth, including plants and animals differ greatly from each other on the basis of their outer morphology and inner anatomy. Humans are considered the most intelligent creatures on earth and they utilize animals extensively for research and development of inventions that may benefit the mankind in the future. It is estimated that nearly 26 million animals are used everyday for scientific and commercial testing in the USA . ...

Introduction

The existence of Cane toads in Australia has become a pertinent issue to the question of whether it propagates or impedes sustainability in the country. Various suggestions and views have been expressed from different quotas by the relevant theorists, researchers, and academicians. As such, it evokes various sustainability issues, including diversity, population increase, and predation among other aspects in the country. This paper will discuss the Cane Toads in relation to its advantages and shortcomings in the country’s sustainability quest. Evidently, the main focus of this discussion will be centered in Australia due to that fact that Cane Toads ...

On TV, in press, on the radio, and the good, wonderful world wide web,

You hear it mentioned, in good and in bad, A thought visits your mind, If they did not visit Pakistani, it must be Iran, or whatever, ‘Oh not again!’ you cringe. The drones, are they the lethally stinging mother-bees? You tell me. Aren’t we, humankind really smart? So smart that we can fly, pilotless, wingless, to yonder land? And visit our friends, and foes alike? And drop them a lethal gift? Snoop into their privates? All thanks to the drones, they that spare only their kind? Boom! ...

Shanquia Adams said that, "a busy bee promotes growth and communicates with others to get things done, resulting in abundance. Why buzz like a bee if you are not going to pollinate anything? I encourage you to mind your tongue and let your words be sweet as honey instead of bitter venom." For a bee a successful life, an abundant life, is one in which the entire colony has enough to survive. Everyone in the colony has a purpose and they work together to achieve this communal goal. If we as individuals are happy of people, then we will have a happier world. People ...

The central themes of one’s identity, and strength and skill are interwoven in the characters and the plot of the poem “Beowulf.” The setting of the poem and the time period in which it is set both characterize the identity of individuals is a string of lineage, where individuals are judged in society according to the repute of their ancestors, and the strength and skill they possess. Basically, Beowulf is a record of heroic deeds, so it is not surprising that the theme of identity, which revolves around individual reputation based on ancestral heritage, is central to the poem. Similarly, ...

1.0The clinic allergist details are as follows: 1.0.1 Name: Dr. Sai Karlapudi of Alaska Allergy Center. He is practitioner in Asthma, Immunology and Allergy for both adults and children. The doctor is Board certified 1.0.2 Details of the Doctor: She is certified under the American Board of Medical practitioners. She has been in the field for about 20 years serving Alaska Community Service Centre. 1.0.3 Educational Background: The doctor has a Degree in Medical from New South Wales medical college in Australia (1983).She finished her residency in Pediatrics Victoria Hospital in Melbourne in 1988.Her subspecialty in ...

LAB REPORT: ELISA PRACTICAL

Snakebites are clinically challenging because of the diversity of species and varying concentrations which impact the severity of envenoming on the victim. Other clinical problems can arise due to (a) unpredictable dose quality, (b) determination of appropriate dose, (c) local site of the snakebite and (d) route of injection (Warrell, 1996). The time that has elapsed from the snakebite event until presentation at hospital is the most important mortality-determining factor. The health status of the human victim is important for how local effects, systemic coagulopathy, and/or neurotoxicity exhibit (Warrell, 1996).

Intravenous doses are prepared from IgG of a single or multi- venom ...

SNAKE-BITE MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY IN INDIA

Mortality and morbidity should no longer be a common result of snake-bites in India but this health hazard is still a tragic problem. Montiero (et al., 2012) noted that although “snake-bite is an important and preventable health hazard” envenomations around the world are high and result in 10s of thousands of death every year. India is considered to have the highest numbers of poisonous snake-bites each year which result in medical problems, many due to complications from coagulation, resulting in thousands of needless deaths. Alirol (et al., 2010) stated that except for antivenom production “snake-bite envenoming . . . shares all the characteristics of a ...