Essays on Reactivity

Inquiry

This paper provides a response to the inquiry: "How does the structure/specific property/shape of ceramic biomaterials influence their performance in hip implants?" The principal objective of coming up with the script is to analyze the existing literature on the use of ceramics as biomaterials. A lot of research is underway to optimize the use of ceramics in hip implants. The following subsections cover the literature on the effect of the shape, specific structure, and structure of ceramics as hip implants.

Introduction

Biomaterials are now an active area of research in Material Science Engineering globally. The term ‘biomaterials’ describes a wide ...

Stress and Quality of Life

Stress is the body's response to any action that disturbs the equilibrium or a stable state of health. This impact can be both emotional and physical. Nowadays people do not need to hunt for wild animals to feed themselves and do not need to run away from predators. The main idea is that stress is a widespread experience that negatively impacts the quality of life. Barbara Buddeberg-Fischer et al. (2010) wrote an article named "Chronic stress experience in young physicians: impact of person- and workplace-related factors." The authors had the objective to consider the impact of workplace factors on ...

Response to the “What is Asthma 2” presentation.

The presentation is quite insightful and at the same time thought provoking, and I noted a two things. First, it is indeed true that neurogenic theory does not comprehensively explain asthma pathogenesis, and immunological theory does not explain all asthma features such as airway hyperreactivity. Second, you have mentioned that asthmatic patients have been reported to have higher parasympathetic tone, yet it has never been suggested as an underlying causal factor for the disease. This raised several questions, but the one that stood out most is, “what role does the parasympathetic system play in airway hyper-responsiveness?” According to Hamid, ...

Abstract

In this experiment, benzene was treated with hydrogen in the presence of Pt/SiO2 as an example that can be applied on industrial operations to show that the most recently modernized methods of neutron total scattering that cover a wide Q-range allow the use of appropriate catalytic chemistry that can be measured on time domain to probe directly on site the hydrogenation of benzene within the catalyst pore. Based on this method, it is possible to study the rates of reaction on length scales that can provide measurements equivalent to the size of an atom or a nanometre. Furthermore, the ...

The elevation or lowering of an individual’s mood can be attributed to one or more disorders that affect the psychological well-being of the affected person. Mood disorders can cause depression, anxiety, and generally create a personal environment for the affected individual that is difficult and even impossible at times to handle. Many people who suffer mood disorders seek therapy or medication, or both, to help get through each day. From a psychological standpoint mood disorders are a debilitating effect that can have a great impact on an individual’s life. There are several types of mood disorders, and ...

SCIENTIFIC OPINION ON GUIDANCE ON THE RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE APPLICATION OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN THE FOOD AND FEED CHAIN

INTRODUCTION

Food and feed can contain of elements that have internal structures that can be measured on the nanoscale for example micelles, liposomes or micelles that occur naturally. Nanomaterials is used to categorize materials according to their size. Application of nanotechnology in agriculture can contribute to improved better pest management and protection of crops through better distribution of the agrochemicals and pesticides, growth agents or hormones. It is also applied in genetic engineering, sensors that are used in monitoring ...

Introduction

Studies relating to lung cancer treatment can save lives and make the lives of cancer patients more comfortable besides increasing the quality of life. According to Lardinois et al., (2003), there are three primary types of lung cancer; they include non-small cell, small cell, and carcinoid lung cancer. Statistically, non-small cell lung cancer, for example, Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma account for the highest occurrences of all lung cancers to a tune of 85% [1]. It has been established that both environmental and genetic factors do contribute to lung cancer significantly. Continued exposure to carcinogens, ionizing ...

Group 1 elements are referred to as alkali metals because they form oxides and hydroxides that dissolve in water producing alkaline solutions. They have one electron in their outer shell that they lose by oxidation to form ions; Na Na+ + e- that is more stable (Schwerdtfeger et al. 7520). As one move down the group 1, the elements atom gets larger as the outer shell electron get easily lost and its radius is governed by the number of layers of electrons around a nucleus and the pull of outer electrons feel from the nucleus, therefore group one element get more ...

Summary of the Popular Source

The popular article attempts to report on a study that links people’s satisfaction or dissatisfaction in marriage to their gene composition. The article bases its arguments on this study to try to explain the reason why some people happen to enjoy their marriages while others do not. It also explains why the prevailing emotional climate affects people’s ability to enjoy or dread marriage as associated with their respective DNA characteristics.

The article argues that a gene variant called 5-HTTLPR has been discovered to be linked with the influence of certain emotions on marital satisfaction. The specific strain of this ...

Article Summary

Kuo, J. R., & Linehan, M. M. (2009). Disentangling emotion processes in borderline personality disorder: physiological and self-reported assessment of biological vulnerability, baseline intensity, and reactivity to emotionally evocative stimuli. Journal of abnormal psychology, 118(3), 531. Borderline Personality Disorder is defined as “A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts.” The essential features of a personality disorder are “impairments in personality (self and interpersonal) functioning and the presence of pathological personality traits” (APA, 2013). In 1993, Marsha Linehan proposed a theory of Borderline ...

HYPOTHESIS

Is the peak flow meter reliable enough to measure asthma? Are peak flow measurement variations sufficiently sensitive and specific in cases of occupational asthma, childhood asthma and under other asthmatic conditions?

INTRODUCTION

Asthma is a serious lung condition characterized by bronchial hyper-reactivity, inflammation and mucous plugging resulting in airway constriction. An acute asthmatic attack is usually reversible by rescue inhalers. Asthma affects over 5 % of the US population and is responsible for approximately half a million hospital admissions annually in the US. 1 The Peak Flow Meter is a simple device which is very useful in measuring changes in airway capacity in ...

The Current State of Research on New Methods and Technologies for the Safety and Reliability of Assessment of Propellants, Explosives and Pyrotechnics1

Abstract

Materials with high energy have in the past and are still in use for both intensive military and civil purposes. Research and studies have been conducted recently to try establishing and inventing new materials likely to have enhanced high performance and that are less sensitive to heat and shock as compared to existing materials. In future military applications have a threshold to be adjusted to. This paper is mainly focusing on the on the advancements, possible formulations of ...

Section 1, Identification

Product identifier: 1750-x Manufacturer: Statlab Medical Products Inc Manufacturer address: 23654 Telephone number: 256235 Emergency phone number: 5895622 Recommended use - use within the controlled environment of a laboratory. Restrictions on use - for laboratory use only Section 2, Hazard(s) identification The chemical contains formaldehyde that is a suspected carcinogenic. If an individual is exposed to the chemical, it may lead to eye, skin, and the respiratory system irritation. If there is contact with the chemical, one should use plenty of water to wash it off the region of contact and then ...

Introduction

One of the byproducts of urban growth and development is the waste production. As per the report of the World Bank (2013), OECD countries produce almost half of the world's waste, while South Asia and Africa are listed as the regions producing the least amount of waste. The Basel Convention defines 'wastes' as substances or objects that need to be disposed of in accordance with the provisions of national law. European Waste Catalogue shows 850 types of wastes out of which 420 types of wastes have been classified as hazardous waste. Hazardous wastes are those wastes considered to be ...

EVALUATION OF “Ru(0) AND Ru(II) NITROSYL PINCER COMPLEXES: STRUCTURE, REACTIVITY, AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY,” BY FOGLER ET. AL. 1) Characterization of the compound Complex 8 which is described as a Ruthenium complex with a bent nitrosyl ligand was characterized using three analytical techniques: Hydrogen NMR (1{H} NMR), X-ray Diffraction (DFT), and Infrared Spectroscopy (IR). The 1H NMR was used to verify the complex which gave a singlet signal at 56.6ppm, and its phosphine methylene ligand gave a signal at 3.27 ppm, these signals not only verify the presence of the types of hydrogen in the complex but also its ...

2013-2014

Time allowed: Up to 2 hours (practical) - Listen carefully to instructions from the staff members and you should stop immediately if asked to do so. - You should work safely at all the time and wear appropriate clothing. - If you need help or any additional equipment raise your hand up. - Scientific Calculators are allowed. - Dictionaries (except electronic ones) are allowed. - Before you do your practical your teacher will explain what you are going to do and might carry out a demo- you are advised to listen carefully and take ...

Interactions with hazardous materials

Chemical reactions or interactions are key to the production of various useful chemical products including polymers, fuels, paints, adhesives etc. When the reactants, catalysts, mechanism of reaction, reactor operation, temperature, pressure and other parameters are known, as well as kept under control, the products or outcome are as expected. On the other hand when chemical interactions are unexpected and lead to unknown products, consequences could be disastrous leading to severe loss. Such hazardous material interactions are more common in chemical manufacture, processing, refining and storage facilities. Reactive hazards are a serious concern since the magnitude of loss could be ...

Question 1: Research Questions and purpose

This research was purposely designed to investigate the effects associated with racial stressors on the cardio-vascular responses among both the African Americans and the Caucasian men. It was also tailored to capture the role played by hostility in exacerbating cardio-vascular responses. It was set to test the previous studies that had asserted that anger-provoking and racist stimuli elicited greater increases n the blood pressure than neutral stimuli in both the African Americans as well as their Caucasian counterparts.

Some of the research questions this study was responding to include:

- What is the role of hostility in exacerbating cardiovascular responses? - Do race stressors increase cardiovascular responses than other ...

Introduction

Temperament can be defined as a stable, early emerging individual dissimilarities in the behavioral affinity that have a legitimate basis. There are many variations is observed in the children’s just after their birth and it is considered to be temperamental. These temperaments are different in every child like some are emotional; some have high or low activity level and some posse’s sociability and others have reactivity. These temperaments usually control the behavior of the children and they act accordingly. The theories of temperament put forward these individual differences have a biological or legitimate basis (Compas, 1987). Temperaments also imitate the ...

Section I:Introductory Overview

A. Background and History of PTSD Many research findings found out that anxiety disorder known as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a ubiquitous neuropsychological phenomenon. It happens to almost any individuals, no matter what their age, gender, ethnicities, etc. Being associated with serious traumatic events, it has many characteristic symptoms, such as survivor guilt, lack of involvement with reality, recurrent images and thoughts, numbing and reliving the trauma in dreams. People undergo the reliving of traumatic events via recurrent nightmares or similar threatening scenarios (National Institute of Health, 2014). Individuals with the disorder have excessive distressing feelings triggered by ...

Introduction:

Iron (symbol Fe and atomic number 26) is a popular metal, which is used in a variety of applications. As it is abundantly available in the earth, it has been used in different forms since time immemorial. Today, iron ore extraction is a well defined and regulated process. However, there are many environmental and health hazards related to the metal and extraction. A critical analysis of the exact impacts can help in achieving an overall sustainable productivity from the element. With that end in mind, this paper deals with the characteristics of Iron; places where it is available; how it is extracted, ...

Introduction

Human brain is a complex organ and so are its diseases. Over the years numerous techniques, devices and processes have been developed that can help us to correctly access and diagnose the problem areas and provide solutions to them (14). Computer controlled delivery of carbon dioxide is a method that is conducted with the help of a gas blender that works to supply and alter carbon dioxide to the brain creating tensions in the brain (10) (16).

Carbon dioxide challenge

Changes in the carbon dioxide tensions in the brain are capable of sufficiently affecting the Brain and its functioning (1) . Due to increased carbon dioxide ...

Abstract

The most widely used fossil fuel around the world is coal. This is a component that carries both organic and inorganic components and hence its combustion over the years has led to environmental problems such as acid rain and sulfur dioxide emission. To combat this eco-system problem several combustion methods have been introduced and one of the most efficient means that has come to the attention over the years as a significant way is the Oxy alkalinolysis. In the past, there have been various desulfurization processes, which have been introduced. However, most of them have not given excellent results are ...

Introduction

The fight or flight response is one of the body’s autonomic defense mechanisms. This innate defense mechanism gets triggered whenever a person encounters a harmful entity or event, or basically anything that one may perceive as a threat to his survival. In such cases, the body’s hyper-arousal state which is characterized by dramatic changes not just in one but across all organ systems. The fight or flight response actually started as a simple theory by Dr. Walter Cannon. Dr. Cannon explained that any animal is subject to a reaction called fight or flight response which is characterized by a general and fast-acting discharge ...

1.0 Introduction The study of human development remains widely varied and complex, thus giving rise to many debates, controversies and issues. As each developmental theory tries to explain a limited area of development, the end result is a wide range of competing theoretical views leading to a major controversial issue of continuity vs. discontinuity. At the core of the controversy is whether human development is solely and evenly continuous or it consists of age-specific stages. The proponents, for instance the environmental or behavioral theorists, of the continuous model believe that development is a linear increase in abilities and competences that is smooth ...

Introduction

One of the classes of chemical complexes whose coordination chemistry has generated a lot of interest is the bidentate phosphines. This can be attributed to the fact that this class of ligands facilitates the combination of phosphorus atoms that have strong metal bonds with atoms from donor groups that are more labile in nature. Examples include Nitrogen atom from the aminophosphines donor group or an Oxygen atom from etherphosphines. This is unlike hard donors that are weak and basic like MeOH and H2O that do not have good binding with transitional metals including Rhenium. Due to this fact, complexes formed from ...

During the early stages of a healthy development, the environment of a family, which is largely shaped through practices of parenting, gives an infant a sense of emotional and physical security that ultimately leads to development of skills of self-regulation which are needful for emotional and physical health. Particularly, marital conflict can be distressing for children as it can result to climate of unpleasantness in the family which threatens the emotional and physical wellbeing of a child; this diminishes the emotional or physical availability and sensibility of these parents. Marital dissolutions which result from discord in the marital life are also linked to ...

Nursing

1.) Title The title of the article “Evaluation of Hand Washing Program for 2nd graders” describes the type of the study, the major variable and the population to which it applies. It can be inferred from the title that the purpose is to assess and evaluate the hand washing program for the second graders. However, the variable can be inferred from the behavior change and early interventions among children so that they will develop the hand washing as a well-practiced habit (Tousman, Arnold, Helland, Roth, Heshelman, Castaneda, Fischer, O'Neil, & Bileto, 2007). 2.) Research/Aim A. The purpose of ...

Abstract

Introduction The objective of this laboratory work is to gain an insight in the trends of both chemical and physical properties of elements across the periodic table. The experiments offer an opportunity to subject the elements to the same chemical conditions and observe the reactions. Moreover, the relationship of the chemical properties and the location in the periodic table is pertinent. The location of an element in the periodic table is determined by its family or group and period.

Experimental

The procedure followed for the different experiments involved combustion and reaction with water. For combustion the element would be ...

Introduction

The information provided by pharmacokinetics is important in the discovery of new drugs and in screening drug candidates. It helps in drug research and can determine the concentration of a drug present in the body. The discovery of new medicines not only depends on pharmacological activity but on pharmacokinetic parameters as well. Pharmacokinetics includes absorption, distribution, metabolism and execration (ADME). Absorption is the absorbing of a drug in the blood stream. There are two types of absorption, passive and active. The physico-chemical properties are responsible for passive transportation while the active transportation determines the binding of a molecule to the target site. ...

LAB REPORT: ELISA PRACTICAL

Snakebites are clinically challenging because of the diversity of species and varying concentrations which impact the severity of envenoming on the victim. Other clinical problems can arise due to (a) unpredictable dose quality, (b) determination of appropriate dose, (c) local site of the snakebite and (d) route of injection (Warrell, 1996). The time that has elapsed from the snakebite event until presentation at hospital is the most important mortality-determining factor. The health status of the human victim is important for how local effects, systemic coagulopathy, and/or neurotoxicity exhibit (Warrell, 1996).

Intravenous doses are prepared from IgG of a single or multi- venom ...

Article Evaluation Critique

Allen, K.M., Blascovich, J., Tomaka, J., & Kelsey, R.M. (1991). Presence of human friends and pet dogs as moderators of autonomic responses to stress in women. Journal of personality and social psychology, 61 (4), 582-589.

Introduction

The researchers are addressing the effects on stress levels in women through the study of autonomic responses, choosing the presence or absence of company as a yardstick for comparison further delineating the concept by using both evaluating and non-evaluating others while the performers are put through stressful tasks. Prior research conducted in this area validated that the mere presence of others increases the arousal of a ...

How do the physical and chemical characteristics of materials affect their movement, persistence, distribution, and fate in the environment?

The chemical and physical characteristics of certain materials play a major role in how they interact with the environment. Physical factors like the solubility of the material affect its movement. If a material is not soluble in water, it will not be dissolved by water in the environment and will therefore maintain its integrity. A substance which is soluble in water will move easily through the hydrological cycle. Hydrophilic substances have high rates of bidegradation, meaning they break down easily. Materials which are lipophilic are known to bioaccumulate more readily than lipophilic substances. The state of the material is also a factor ...

1.0 Introduction Serological blood grouping has been used successfully for decades to ensure safety in blood transfusion. However blood incompatibility continues to be a significant challenge in transfusion medicine reflecting the inherent limitations of the hemagglutination based serological blood typing. Some of the limitations of serological blood grouping include weak reactivity of some antibodies that are clinically significant; weak expression of some red cell antigens; the subjective nature of the available tests and lack of universal methods of detecting and identifying antibodies. In addition there are several issues related to the reagents used which include the wide variability of ...

Abstract

Stress is a dynamic and interactional process involving intricate body systems with formulations and operationalisation of the components at different levels(1).There is growing evidence that there is a positive correlation between emotional stress and oral health. As will be demonstrated from the literature reviewed in this paper emotional stress can be implicated in oral problems such as ulcerative conditions, inflammatory conditions, dental decay, TMD, RAS and others that continue to be linked to stress. Stress has also been found to aggravate some oral conditions such as oral lichen planus. In some of these conditions the precise mechanisms by which ...