Essays on Fingerprints

Numbered Response for Questions on Burglary

- What are the steps to investigating a burglary? Clemens (2013) argues that burglaries are the most common crimes that the patrol officers respond to in America. The police officers opens an investigation that helps them solve the case. For a successful investigation, several steps must be followed. First, officers should approach the crime scene with caution. This is because the perpetrators may still be in the crime scene. They should also always be alert for suspicious individuals. Secondly, Clemens (2013) states that the crime scene should be secured as this makes it easier for police officers to collect evidence. ...

Crime scene documentation should start the moment the Centervale Police Officer; Michael James arrives at the crime scene. This process should continue until the case is closed. According to Forbes (2008), the main purpose of crime scene documentation is to preserve the location where the crime occurred, record hoe the crime occurred as well as determining the relationship between the evidence present and the perpetrators of the crime. In this case, the evidences that are readily available to the investigators include the robber’s fingerprints, the bullet hole and an account by the witnesses present when the robbery ...

The constitution protects all citizens without any discrimination and the Fifth Amendment, the American Constitution grants people the right against self-incrimination. Any person facing arrest has the right to remain silent while in custody as well as in the courts. In the Fifth Amendment, one is given the rights not to be a witness in any case that he/she is involved This Amendment applied to both the state and federal courts in the US. In the case Riley v.Dorton .115 F.3d 1159 (1997),”Following the plain text of Amendment nobody should be allowed to be a witness against himself/herself, ...

Importance of documenting a crime scene

While much has been hypothesized on various activities that should be carried out in a crime scene, it is essential to note that documentation is perhaps the most significant factor that should be given an upper hand in the handling of crime scenes. Notably, documenting a crime scene is noteworthy because it offers crime scene officer’s viable avenues in which they can find crucial facts that are significant in building a solid case (Pepper, 2010). In addition, documenting a crime scene reduces the chances of jeopardizing the outcomes of court cases, which occurs in the case where crime scene evidences are not ...

The case sits within the domain of evidence as the procedural law in application and of course the substantive law remains criminal law. However, as to the defence of the three, this paper shall give advice within the law of evidence and highlight the evidential issues that should be brought forward in the defence of each of three accused persons. It should be appreciated that the evidential issues shall be substantially guided by the Police and Criminal Evidence Act of 1984. However, in nexus to this Act, the evidential issues shall also be guided by the wider body of ...

DNA, short for deoxyribonucleic acid, is often called the “blueprint of life.” That’s because almost every living organism on this planet, whether bacterium, plant, fungus, or animal contains some form of the molecule. The information contained in the DNA’s coding segments, called genes, determines whether the organism turns out to be a fish or a dandelion, a person or a chimp. It also creates the characteristics that make one individual similar to, but still different from, another. No two people’s DNA – even identical twins’ – is exactly alike (Ruff, 2002).

DNA is double-stranded. Two strands are linked together ...

In this presentation, I will be making a presentation to the court seeking an arrest warrant against one Damien Jones following the murder of Paul “Shorty” Alcorn. I have sufficient evidence to enable me to present a prima facie case against the said accused person. That evidence ranges from police reports regarding the homicide, police reports regarding the robbery with violence; we have forensic reports and also the analysis of the forensic reports. In the analysis of the forensic reports, we will be looking at the various pieces of evidence including documentary evidence. We also have the various property records of ...

Define class characteristics and list two (2) examples. Define individual characteristics and list two (2) examples. From the following photos, discuss the class and individual characteristics.

ANSWER:

Scenario: You arrive at a breaking and entering to process the scene. The glass to the back door of the residence is broken and it appears that the suspect may have cut his thumb or finger. The suspect has taken a lap top computer that was sitting on the dining room table. No other items are missing from the residence. The suspect exited through the back door. List and describe the 3 main types ...

- The reason for creating biometric identification system is the need for comprehensive security systems. The benefits of using biometric data are concerned with raising security level and making authentication and identification processes easy, convenient and fast (Data protection working party 2). The developments in biometric technologies have made many operations more accessible and convenient both for those, identifying other people and the people that are being identified. At the same time the usage of biometric data is associated with a wide range of concerns related to personal and information privacy, such as unauthorized data collection, unauthorized use, using biometric ...

Summary of the Case Against Mr. Didid

This report is for the evidentiary file of Mr. Isure Didit. The five contraband images previously discovered on Mr. Didit’s laptop were matched by using hash values by the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC) to those of known child pornographic images (previously tied to known underage victims) Because of this discovery, Mr. Didit’s company exercised its right to monitor employee activity at all times and to take company property back into its possession. Thus, we instigated an investigation into the contents of Mr. Didit’s office. In the office, the digital evidence was : ...

Arunabha Banerjee

Senior Associate, Corporate & Compliance Solutions, Thomson Reuters Abstract With the changing needs of time, forensic analysis of fingerprint in administering criminal justice has undergone a sea change. The process has experience intense digitalization of late with the inception of Automated Fingerprint Information System in an attempt to facilitate speed, efficiency and convenience. However, the automation has been hampered by numerous setbacks, as evident in some recent high profile cases. This article seeks to delve into the nuances of use of digital methods in evidentiary analysis of fingerprints and suggest an effective way forward, which suits the interests of ...

ABSTRACT

The Transport Security Administration (TSA) estimates that there are close to 1.8 million passengers passing through airports in the U.S. everyday. This makes airport security checks a vital part of security operations across the nation. The TSA oversees these operations under the directive of Homeland Security in collaboration with various airline companies to ensure optimal security for passengers and staff at airports. Several standardized security checks enhance security whist reducing crime rates in airports implemented by the TSA include use of Biometric Technology and Pre-Check programs. While these efforts are successful in reducing crime rates, there is little to show ...

As highlighted by the United States penal code, murder is classified as a crime. Whether it is in the first degree, second or third, it is still a crime that is punishable by law. In addition, armed robbery is a felony that is considered serious in nature because it poses a danger to the victims. In addition, murder can be classified into instigated murder under manslaughter. Criminal acts are acts that are against the law. The criminal act in question is a case that involved the murder of two store owners during a robbery incident in a Chicago store. The robbery was done by a man called ...

Fingerprinting

All things in life evolve and assume other forms. Crime is not an exception to this perspective. Criminal activities evolve and the methods become more sophisticated. Computer have brought a number of technological advantages that can be viewed. As a result the criminal justice system has benefited from the computer applications. One of the most substantial progresses that has taken place in the criminal justice system is the archiving of fingerprints and palm prints. These development are very advantageous from the perspectives of crime administration. Fingerprinting allows the compliance of laws that make it a federal crime to use the identification of ...

The internet provides a platform where individuals have the ability of remaining anonymous trading insults, while other people publishes confessional memoirs and articles without the fear of being recognized. However, this identity less platform provides a perfect alibi where criminals engage in criminal activities. Therefore, law enforcers have been forced to adopt new technologies to find a solution to crimes committed off and online. For example, researchers have postulated that a detailed analysis and penetration of the internet contents on social media and various other platforms plays an imperative role in solving terrorists and murder plots. This is conducted through a revelation of the ...

Abstract

The project deals with changes in the federal law enforcement since 9/11 attacks. The opening paragraphs induct into the political microclimate of the early 2000s and the rationales behind the 2001 terrorist attacks. Further sections give insight into improvements and changes made by the Department of Justice, one of principal law enforcement agencies, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, its subordinate agency, and police. The paper reflects the opinion of prominent security experts, accomplished writers, and governmental officials. Keywords: security, counterterrorism, attack, law, enforcement, bureau, police, justice Being a big geopolitical player that it is, the USA has its ...

What does it mean to be a "person," and "when" does personhood "begin? Herein lies the basis for much of the abortion controversy. The very essence of being a person belongs to the definition of personhood, which cannot be narrowed down to a single definition. Here the aim is to explore the various definitions of Personhood and on the basis of these justify the often ethically debated concept of Abortion. On the basis of physical traits, as described by the Center for Health Ethics (2011), a physical human body of ‘homo sapiens’ is considered a Person. Therefore, the mere presence of a human body ...

Introduction

On the Mother’s Day of 2001, a murder incident occurred at a place called Antietam Creek. The body was found lying lifeless in the bushes of the creek. There was evidence to show that this was purely a murder incident because the manner in which the body of a young man was lying on the ground and also its condition was suggestive as such. At the bottom of a steep hill lay the body, with a pool of blood and evidence of some tussle on the ground. This showed that the young man must have struggled with his assailants before they succeeded in killing ...

The scientists use two techniques to identify criminals. They use the fingerprint comparison technique and DNA analysis. The use of fingerprints to identify people dates many years back. It dates to many centuries ago. It was not as sophisticated as it is today. In the ancient, Babylon, the businesspersons used their fingertips to carry out their transactions. They pressed their fingertips to clay and they recorded their transactions of the day. The Chinese used ink and paper, which helped them, identify their children. In the 19th century, fingerprints were used as a way to identify criminals. An English chief ...

Over the past few years, mobile phone technology has evolved to fulfill the general role of the computation platforms. The mobile devices have gained advanced capabilities similar to the personal computers. However, the advancement of the mobile technology has made them more vulnerable to the attackers. With the advancement of technology, there is a possible increase of the security attacks and threats. Various mobile devices have open operating systems that are susceptible to executable formats that enhance major virus attack. Therefore, mobile devices call for security measures so that they can be able to achieve their objectives such as integrity, ...

Abstract

This research paper will discuss the significant contribution of DNA fingerprinting in the criminal justice system for being able to provide a reliable basis for conviction. DNA fingerprint analysis is referred as an accurate indicator to determine the guilt and innocence of an accused. The history, importance and various DNA fingerprinting techniques shall be discussed. In addition, DNA fingerprinting is considered as more superior than other forensic science methods since the technology has improved over time. DNA fingerprinting has allowed the test of smaller amounts of material, faster testing procedures and more conclusive results. Finger ridge analysis is science and ...

The scenario as given is a true representation of the typical day to day encounters of crimes by the detectives. The scenario depicts the crime of Burglary (House Breaking) which can generally be defined as the breaking and entering a house or dwelling or building or residence with the intent to commit a crime. However, the different Criminal Codes of the States of the United States of America have various variations of the definition of Burglary and/or Housebreaking. Sneaky Peat broke into Alison Collins’ house and left with a laptop, iPod and other things which perfectly fall within the definition of burglary or ...

Smart phones have become very necessary device for many people these days. They do their business, banking and communication with smart phones which makes these devices vulnerable to get attacked by hackers (Camenisch 130). The protection of the information on cell phones as well as on the personal computers has come along the way since the introduction and implementation of the internet. To prevent forged access of mobile phones, some traditional methods has used such as passwords. However, these traditional methods are not enough to secure important information on mobile phones consequently there is a need of new technology which ...

Abstract

Finding the correct balance between security, cost effectiveness and ease of use presents a major headache for the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS). This is because maintaining a large workforce and clerical staff for the purposes of managing database and internal systems can be a costly practice. MPS staff also require different log in details for the different accounts they hold in different job roles. This paper examines different approaches such as Enterprise Identity Mapping (EIM), Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and RSA encryption and how they may be utilized in the MPS context.

Question 1

- Technologies for managing multiple identities of the MPS. ...

Abstract

The submission introduces the topic it intends to cover by defining what a crime scene is and the importance of crime scenes in the criminal justice system. It then outlines the categories of crime scenes then gives the types of crime scenes under each category while briefly describing how each type of crime scene is and stating some of the aspects to appreciate under each type of crime scene. The submission then goes to discuss the law relating to admissibility of illegally collected materials and in doing that the locus classicus in the subject matter and other cases are subsequently ...

Thesis: The Death Penalty is not fair because innocent people are convicted, some have been almost executed, some have been executed and exculpatory evidence was discovered post execution and some have been executed despite of exculpatory evidence. The high cost of prosecuting Death Penalty cases reflects this.

INTRODUCTION I In spite of far reaching ramifications many states in America still apply and carry out the Death Sentence.

A. The Death Sentence is obtained and carried out inconsistently. B. Death Sentence cases cost much more to prosecute than those of life without parole because of the finality of the sentence.

BODY

II Death Sentence cases create situations where innocent people can be executed, or wait for years on “Death Row” ...

1086F Origin and Geology of the Solar System

- Introduction An exoplanet is a term used to describe a planet that is located outside the solar system that includes the Earth (exoplanet, 2013). Astronomer Peter van Kamp made the first announcement of the discovery of an exoplanet in 1963, however, that discovery failed to hold up over time and now has been conclusively disproved (Matson, 2013). The first exoplanet discovery that has stood the test of time was the discovery of two bodies orbiting a neutron star in a system named PSR 1257+12 (Wolszczan and Frail, 1992). Wolszczan and Frail calculated that the masses of these exoplanets would be ...

Affiliated School;

Describing the differences between the three classes of fingerprints, which class does the fingerprint you photographed fall into? Justify your reasoning. Fingerprints are patterns that develop on the fingers on an individual in the second trimester during foetal development. Unless one experiences serious burns they stay the same for a lifetime and they are distinct from person to another. According to the New Mexico Department of Health, (2008), there are three classes of fingerprints namely; whorls, arches and loops. Whorls are the common types of fingerprints as it is approximated that 35% of all world’s population are ...

Executive summary

Security in airports is an important aspect that should be undertaken. Airports are a sensitive place where people from other countries get and leave the country. It is also a place where threats and security can be compromised. Having important security vigilance is a strategy that should be undertaken in order to have safer countries. Queensland Government should put this in place. It is important to have strategies that will ensure that the Security is a major issue in organizations today. . In today’s entrepreneurial world organizations have adopted different applications that require different level of security assessments and security measures. The organization ...

Biometrics refers to the use a physical or a behavioral characteristic of an individual for authentication. It commonly uses fingerprints, voice, iris or the writing style of a person as the characteristic while the major reason for using this type of security is for protection against identity theft. (Penny, 2002) Implementation of biometrics requires and enrollment process where a template (sample of the biometric) is saved. This is turned is compared to a live sample of the biometrics and acceptance of which depends on a set acceptance threshold. Although, biometrics may be one of the safest method to prevent identity theft since it pertains ...

Latent Fingerprinting and its Reliability as Forensic Evidence

Introduction The discovery and subsequent improvement in forensic science has been a road marred with many challenges. However, despite these challenges, its acceptance as a rudimentary source of evidence in the judicial system is fascinating. Nonetheless, there are copious number of skeptics who argue that the science is based on probability; thus does not fit to be termed as an actual science. (1) Among the source of their skepticism is in evidence collection. In this work, there is an exploration of fingerprint collection on diverse surfaces.

Ways of Collecting Fingerprint Evidence from different Surfaces

Fingerprints can be identified from several surfaces, which include the porous, non-porous, and semi-porous ...

John Leonard Orr was born in April 26, 1949. He was an investigator and worked for the Glendale Fire Department in Sothern California. He also worked as a fire captain. Orr had a passion of being a police officer ever since he was a young person. His dreams did not come true after he failed the entrance exam. He decided to become a dedicated fire investigator and he committed himself to further his fire career. The work of a firefighter investigator is to do investigation in the causes of fire. The firefighters reported the cause and origin of the fire. The job of the firefighters ...

Documentary: The Real CSI

The documentary is focused on the reliability of forensic science to arrest and convict defendants charged for particular offenses. However, some experts are of opinion that forensic science uses techniques that have not been validated scientifically such as the science of fingerprint analysis. It has been well-established in the law on evidence that fingerprints represent the highest standard of forensic science since “no two persons can have the same fingerprints”(Reagan, “The Truth About Forensics”). However, poor forensic analysis done by examiners can cause the conviction of an innocent man who is sentenced to suffer imprisonment for a crime he ...

Abstract

Deception has been considered by law enforcement officers as effective compared to other methods of crime detection. It is a better way of eliciting vital information and evidences that could capture suspected criminals rather than the use of physical means. In fact, it has gain approval of the courts as a legal way of drawing out a confession. However, it is sad to know that at times, the law officers employ malicious detection strategies like hoaxes in order to catch criminals which can affect the credibility of the justice system. Hence, the use of deception to detect a crime is viewed as a paradox ...

In this case, John Marvin was accused of killing two police officers—Mathew Tokuoka and Anthony Wallace—at Hoonah, on 28 August 2010. Dr. Lois Michaud, a forensic psychologist, believed that Marvin was competent to go for the trial as he was simply non-committal whenever he was asked to give his version of the case. The authority who investigated the case was a firearms identification expert. He was able to examine a bullet as well as a cartridge, which were both fired (Smith and Ray 780). According to the expert, the two were fired from a rifle in the home of the defendant. Therefore, ...

United States v. Crews: Case 445 U.S. 463

Description of the findings

The case was presented in court on October 31, 1979, and the verdict presented on March 25, 1980 (U.S Supreme court, 1980). It is based on the fourth amendment and the implications presented by arresting an individual without probable cause. It is about a woman who on January 3, 1974, got robbed at gunpoint by a male who forced his way into a stall she occupied in the restroom. He went ahead and made sexual advancement to her and threatened to kill her if she asked for help in less than twenty minutes after he left the restroom. ...

In Brian Smart’s essay “A Case for Identity”, the main conclusion is that objects do have a form that is more than the sum of its parts, while John Perry finds in “The Problem of Personal Identity” that the human form is only a part of identity. A ship is an object that has no identity of its own beyond that human beings ascribe to it, since it has no conscious thoughts, memories or reflections of its own. In the case of a person, however, identity is more than simply body parts, fingerprints or physical appearances, but as far as science ...

Technology is taking an important role in each and every aspect of our lives. It has ventured in virtually aspects of our lives impacting heavily on three main aspects of our lives. The text elaborates clearly on our dilemma between three technological pillars that make our lives fully intertwined with technology. These pillars are: computers, communication and digital entertainment. The book extensively elaborates what a computer is, communication within the various forms of networks and consequences of digital world alongside the advantages (Beckman, 4). Among the many issues discussed in this book is the issue of computer hardware. From a ...

Organic Versus Inorganic

Before we explore the more detailed differences between organic, and inorganic evidence, what is needed is the basic explanation between both. Organic evidence would include, however not limits to the following: most drugs, and toxic agents, or materials, of an organic nature, ignitable liquid agents, any and all biological fluids, such as blood, saliva, semen, vomit, sweat, breast milk, or water separated during the process of levidity, in death.

Inorganic materials, would include, however not limited to: items of metal, glass, bullets or projectiles from any firearms or weaponry, primer agents, paints, industrial oils, or compounds concrete, or mortars, ...

The United States government should require all citizens to submit DNA fingerprints, regardless of whether or not they have committed a crime. By doing this, the United States government would be able to keep more detailed record of all its citizens. There are thousands of criminal investigations each year where there is evidence of finger prints, but there is no match on file to determine who they belong to. By requiring all citizens to have their fingerprints on file, these types of cases would be solved much easier. Finger printing all citizens may even reduce the crime rate in the ...

Introduction

Biometrics entail a technology that is used in many areas in contemporary societies all over the world. This is because the modern society now-a-days has enhanced the use of dissimilar system with an aim of providing secure surroundings that is sound and worth living in. In addition, the current situations and advancement in technology offer a better platform for improved services to individuals, something that is readily realized by the implication and the use of biometrics. As Bhattacharyya, Ranjan, Alisherov and Choi (2009) have observed, security of information assures a lot in terms of integrity and confidentiality as well as the provision ...

Case summary

This is a case of one female intern known as Levy Chandra. She was a waged intern stationed with the Federal Bureau of Prisons by the time she went missing as she out on a dawn jog along the well-known Rock Creek Park in Washington, D.C. The case also involved Gary Condit. During her disappearance, the main suspect the then Californian U.S. democrat Representative, after it was revealed that the five-term Congressman was engaged in an extramarital affair with Chandra. The man was a congressional representative as well as being a serialized adulterer-possessing savor for younger women (Hingham and Horvitz 34). Chandra Levy believed ...

Introduction

Biometrics, being the scientific study of mathematical or statistical properties of human physiological and behavioral characteristics, is widely used in the sphere of information security (Jain, 1999). And the use of fingerprint as means of biometrics is one of the oldest methods of automatic identification and also the most common one in our time. The factors that promote the use of such systems are: small size and cost of equipment for processing of fingerprint images, high-performance hardware, power and speed of recognition, which meets the requirements of the software, a sharp growth and development of network technologies and the Internet, ...

Introduction

The American criminal justice system relies on the knowledge and equipment of many sciences and skills. Forensic evidence has become one of the strongest weapons for the successful prosecution of the criminal offenders. Some scientific theories and tests are so widely accepted and verified that they are virtually beyond criticism. The theory that each person’s fingerprints are unique, for example, has universal acceptance. Historians believe that the Chinese used thumbnails to sign important documents before the birth of Christ. But it was not until 1870s that a British civil servant in India used fingerprints to record persons on ...

Photography in modern criminal investigation

Advancements in technology have transformed the lives of many people, organizations, and the criminal justice system. Modern criminal investigation is highly dependent on photography and chemistry. It is imperative that every judge knows the difference between an authentic and a doctored photograph. Although most digital photographs have been held inadmissible in court because of the high possibility of alteration, a single photograph can convince a juror that an individual is guilty. A prosecutor just needs to show the juries a single picture and the opposing lawyer will spend very much time trying to convince them otherwise but photographic evidence cannot be disputed or ...

Abstract

Biology has occupied a place of honor in the forensic laboratories, and such an easy task as a personal identification is now impossible without the usage of methods of this science. This research is focused on the most promising direction of forensics – the evidence of identification on DNA analysis results. This method is a revolutionary one, preceded by fingerprinting, but much more accurate and correct. Unless it needs a small amount of any tissue with a cell, the DNA analysis is a complicated process because even a small laboratory error may put an unguilty person into prison as it was many years ago before the discovery ...

Weather: Clear, warm, temp at 86 F (outside) and 68 F (inside)

Time: Arrived on scene at 2058hrs

This was in response to an emergency phone call at 2055 hrs, made by a female who was hysterical but managed to give precise location of incident. On arrival at house, I found an early twenties white female lying on the living room couch and she seemed traumatized and confused. I quickly assume she is the caller and it was later confirmed that indeed she was Miss Jaen Daugh. She was assisted from the apartment by my colleagues and taken to the ...

Introduction

Biotechnology is a field of biology that involves the use of living organisms and biological processes in engineering, medicine and other fields which require bioproducts. Biotechnology utilizes these products for manufacturing. This concept encompasses a wide range of processes which modifies living organisms. According to the UN convection on biological diversity, biotechnology is any technological application which uses biological systems or living organisms to make or modify products for specific use.

DNA profiling on the other hand is a technique that is majorly used by forensic scientists and other criminal investigations agencies to identify criminals based on the information found in their ...