Essays on Eyewitnesses

Collecting Evidence

Collecting Evidence

Processing Fingerprints

“A Simplified Guide to Fingerprint Analysis” lists three types of prints that can be lifted at a crime scene (2013). They are as follows: (Note: all information in this section comes from this article). Soft surface prints. These 3-dimensional plastic prints are found in soap, wax, wet paint and fresh chalk. Hard surface prints. The prints fall under two categories.

Patent Prints (Visible)

Found on smooth, rough, porous (paper, cloth, wood), and nonporous (metal, glass, plastic) surfaces. Can be found in blood, dirt, paint and ink. Collecting patent prints is done by high-resolution photography. To improve the quality of the ...

Psychology

Psychology

What are minimal groups? How does group membership lead to prejudice and discrimination? Minimal groups are groups used in research methodology in social psychology. The groups are used for researching the minimal conditions that are necessary for discrimination to take place between the groups (Otten, 2016). Group membership leads to discrimination and prejudice by making people conform to the set of behaviors associated with the group they belong. The people conform as a result of the social norms which are considered to be the appropriate behavior in the group.

What is modern racism, and how is it studied?

Modern racism is one of the belief systems that ...

Introduction

Deng Xiaoping's rule in China marked an important pivotal point of political and economic development in the country, which had begun under the reign of the first generation leaders. Even after the death of the former, the political and economic achievements of China continue to impress across the globe. However, at the dawn of the post-Deng era, there has been a growing trend of economic and political development in different regions. As a result, it has alluded to the important question of what is the state of affairs in China amidst some current issues, which questions the growth of ...

In criminal justice, resource availability in court systems is a very vital element in dealing with certain issues as well as cases. Without availability of resources within court systems, it becomes quite difficult to impossible to conduct research in order to find out the relevant information needed while investigating cases as well as deciding upon them. In order for the court systems to function well in terms of dealing with the cases and issues presented before them, the necessary research should be available in order to conduct this process and be successful (Grant, 2016). There are different resources that ...

The article Eyewitness Accuracy Rates in Sequential and Simultaneous Lineup Presentations: A Meta-analytic Comparison discusses the sequential and simultaneous lineups and their results, as well as target-absent and target-present lineups. Nowadays a simultaneous presentation technique is the most often used by police. However, Lindsay and Wells offer another technique that is called sequential lineup. If to take into consideration twenty-three papers referring to sequential and simultaneous lineup presentations, the identification of perpetrators occurs from simultaneous target-present lineups more often than from sequential ones. Nevertheless, in the real world conditions this situation changes considerably. In addition, sequential lineups correct rejection ...

Discussion 5

Introduction The primary goal of every investigating officer is to apprehend the perpetrator before he/she strikes again. Hence, the police will look to push for swift solving of cases. However, while the attitude of police should receive commendation, their motives can wrongfully convict innocent people. Zealous crime fighting often leads to the suffering of innocent people. From the time a crime happens, police officers will be under pressure to solve the crime. The pressure from office bearers and superiors will increase depending on the nature of the crime. This pressure often translates into police misconduct during eyewitness identification lineups ( ...

When an armed attack takes place, eyewitnesses usually focus on the weapon and ignore the appearance of the perpetrator, to the extent that they are unable to remember his or her face accurately afterwards. Many studies have showed that seeing a gun makes eyewitnesses less reliable, because they tend to focus on the weapon, rather than the face or particularities of the criminal. These studies often concluded that this is an automatic response generated by fear or surprise at the unexpected sight of the weapon (Pickel, Ross & Truelove, 2006). In their study, Pickel, Ross & Truelove (2006) investigated the psychological ...

Ivan Pavlov was born in Ryazan, Russia, in the year of 1849, in the family of the Orthodox priest. In 1875, he graduated from the University in St. Petersburg with the Life Sciences degree. After graduation, Pavlov studied medicine and was admitted to the Institute which specialized in Veterinary. He was in Germany and Belarus. There he was making experiments in the laboratories, researching digestion. But after coming back to Russia he began to study glandular secretions. His experiment animal was the dog. Pavlov applies surgical techniques to those dogs that is why it was difficult to make the ...