Essays on Reef

Effect of climate Change on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR)

Rising sea temperatures: Empirical evidence shows that the rising temperatures caused by climatic changes have a ripple impact on the GBR due to the interdependence between algae found on the coral reef tissue and sea animals that feed on it (GBR Marine Park Authority, 2011). More importantly, rising temperatures stress coral reefs because they are highly responsive to fluctuating temperatures; in particular, if sea temperatures remain higher than usual overtime due to climate change, algae that depend on corals for food may escape the tissue. The effect of algae leaving the tissue is manifested when the corals change color ...

Rising sea temperatures

Rising sea temperatures are disturbing the ecosystem of the Great Barrier Reef, and if it continues, it will cause major disturbances in the coastal region. Temperature regulates the distribution and the variety of the marine life species, and it also maintains the growth of the coral reef. Over the years, these have grown and evolved with time. When a certain limit of the temperature is exceeded, it can cause the tiny algae inside to be expelled out which causes the coloration of the corals to change. The corals die because of this as they suffer from a lack of ...

The Exxon Valdez oil spill occurred on the 24th of March 1989 in Prince William Sound in Alaska. The Exxon Valdez an oil tanker was on route to Long Beach, California when it hit the Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound. The accident caused between 11-38 million gallons of crude oil to spill into the ocean in the next few days. Response to the disaster was slow due to Prince William Sound only being reachable by boat, helicopter, or plane. The identified causes of the spill are (1) The failure of Exxon to oversee the master, along with ensuring ...

Implement and Monitor Work, Health and Safety Practices

Paper Due Date Project I Guide for Work, Health and Safety Practices The foundation of the Queensland Reef Hotels and the success of the organization as the marketplace for quality and service lies in the core values of the company, which include the philosophy of “Our employees are our customers”, integrity and honesty. The philosophy of Queensland Reef Hotels embraces the belief that by taking care of our employees we will build a culture, which ensures loyalty and long-term relationships with all the stakeholders. This guide addresses three critical areas of this care: Work Environment, Health and Safety (WHS) ...

Analysis of Australian Conservation Foundation

Introduction Not all organizations or sectors which could influence policy making could belong to the government. Non-government organizations could also play a role in policy making and influence the progress of society through policies and laws. These organizations could also influence the decision making process of the policy makers with regards to the issues of the environment. One of these organizations includes Australian Conservation Foundation (ACF). The ACF is a non-government organization which operates on Australia. It is considered as the leading Australian non-government organization which focuses on improving the environment and solving issues and problems associated to ecology ( ...

Introduction

Climate change is among the significant factors impacting ecological diversity on a worldwide scale. The growth of industries and the increasing human population globally have resulted in a rise in the volume of greenhouse gasses, which scientists have argued are the greatest contributors to the menace. The Florida Keys is one of the ecological treasures of the U.S. that continues to be impacted negatively by climate change and anthropogenic activities. This ecological treasure, which is located at the tip of the state of Florida, comprises about 1,700 islands that stretch for more than 200 miles to the west ...

The General Assembly of the United Nations has stated that “Changes to the climate, brought about by increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, will thus lead to changes in the oceans, including sea-level rise and ocean acidification, which will put marine ecosystems and coastal communities at risk. Most of these changes can be attributed to human activities and will negatively affect the animal inhabitants of the marine environment. Some effects of global warming on marine animals include changes in distribution, reduction of habitats and reductions in diversity and sex ratios. In the last hundred years, the rate ...

Recently, the cable television station HBO aired the first season of a series called True Detective which was filled with uncanny, eerie, and weird imagery, symbols, and dialogue. The show became a major hit, and brought a great deal of attention to the various American literary traditions of horror and weird fiction. One of the major writers mentioned as an influence on the show was H.P. Lovecraft, one of the most famous of American horror writers. However, H.P. Lovecraft was himself part of a tradition that went back to nineteenth century American writers like Nathaniel Hawthorne, who wrote dark ...

The majority of scientists are in agreement that global warming is occurring and is caused by human activities over the last two hundred years or so. Global warming is caused by the build up in the atmosphere of gases such as methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and others which have been created by the burning of fossil fuels in order to produce electricity, and for use in industries and motor vehicles. Another contribution to global is the removal of vast areas of natural forest from the planet. . The majority of carbon dioxide exchange between the atmosphere and the earth ...

Carlsbad Cavern National Park 2

General Information 2 Geology 4 Climate 8 Wildlife and Biodiversity 9 Environmental Issues and Concerns 10 A Day in the Park 10 The 8th wonder of the earth Carlsbad Cavern lies in the heart of the United States of America in New Mexico. The park has an approximate of 118 caves and attracts an estimated number of 500,000 tourists yearly. It lies in the underground world and provides an amazing scenery to any tourist who visits the park. It offers vast subterranean chambers, incredible cave formations, and unique features. Touring the park will require some walking, crawling and ...

Criminal instinction is on the rise especially in the current world. This is perpetuated by the influence of media in the society. What people do not understand is that what is acted in the movies is mostly fiction or fictitious and cannot be done physically. The great impact of digitalization of the world has brought about so many injustices on the real world. Most people now try to relate what they see in the fiction world and at the end; they find their goal plummeted and the repercussions for that becomes very nasty. Media has brought about social injustices ...

Democracy needs a change in the future of corporate governance from within because corporate governance should go much deeper more than laws and regulations (Branston, Cowling & Sugden, 2006). Moreover, the art of growing channels of communication is important since it fosters a respectful relationship. Therefore, it is important to nurture the civic society to allow people to develop and penetrate the governing processes that may impinge the social lives. Similarly, most people need to be facilitated through appropriate informal and formal education and learning that is based on intelligence of every individual in the society. Consequently, this will enable ...

Introduction

The conservation of the environment is important so that humans, other animals, and other plant species may continue to thrive. Furthermore, in order to effectively conserve the environment, an in-depth knowledge in ecology is important. This paper will likewise focus on issues that concern ecologist such as species richness, habitat depletion, and climate change.

Body

Species Richness—Alpha and Gamma Diversity There are millions of species that have already been discovered and a lot more are left unidentified. Species richness is basically the total count of species in a community and this is just one way to define biodiversity in ...

Corals fall under anthozoans, which include sea pansies, sea fans and anemones. Coral reefs are usually made up of stony corals that has polyps which cluster in groups. Stony corals are responsible for building and laying foundations of reef structures. In the marine ecosystem, coral reefs are the most diverse of all the organisms according to Dubinsky and Stambler (2011, p. 241). Corals are usually found across oceans of the world, in deep and shallow water. However, reef-building corals only occur in shallow subtropical and tropical waters. This is due to the fact that algae in their tissues prefer ...

In their work, Yang, Pan and Song (2014) have analyzed the issue of the hotel demand by forecasting the relating to this topic website – Charleston Area Convention and Visitors Bureau, consequently the target was to “predict the demand for hotel rooms in a tourist destination.” Among typical problems, which were omitted during current online pulse data analysis, there is one, which often negatively influenced the results of the research, namely “the heavy reliance on a consistent historic pattern and the stability of the economic structure” (Yang, Pan and Song, 2014). In contrast, the researchers took into account such issues ...

The leading indicators for hotel demand are the length of stay, demand for hotel rooms, occupancy of the hotel, spending at certain activities or overall local spending, volume of the visitors, and others. These leading indicators for the demand for hotels are different from but associated with each other. The hotel rooms’ demand is already presented from commercial sources. Forecasting the rates of the occupancy and the arrivals of the hotel guest in the future is considered to be an essential feature of the management of hotel revenue. There are several methods for forecasting the arrivals and rates of ...

Zooxanthellae are single-celled dinoflagellates that live in the tissues of coral. The zooxanthellae and the coral exist in a mutually symbiotic relationship where the zooxanthallae supply the coral with nutrients (which it has obtained through photosynthesis) necessary for growth and calcium carbonate. The zooxanthallae also produces oxygen and assists the coral to remove wastes. In return the coral provides protection to the zooxanthellae from marine grazers and the zooxanthellae has access to nutrients that the coral excretes. Because the algae need light for their own photosysthesis, zooxanthellae limits the range in which corals can grow, i.e. unclouded water within ...

Reflective Statement

Taking the course has brought me to a deeper understanding and appreciation of what nature has given us freely and a realization of what contributions I make in the process of destroying her. It is fascinating to realize that everything we do has an effect on either its preservation or tearing down. This makes our attitude or actions towards her very important and critical because if she is destroyed, its inhabitants will also be destroyed along with her.

The last three months has been like going through an evolution. An evolution of knowing what my lifestyle is contributing to the ...

Analysis of Consumer Behavior for Indian Visitors intending to Travel to the Great Barrier Reef

Analysis of Consumer Behavior for South Indian Visitors Intending to Travel to the Great Barrier Reef

- What is the purpose of conducting a market analysis and what factors might be investigated as part of a market analysis? The purpose of conducting a market analysis is to collect important information related to potential customers; to prepare a business which plans to enter another market; to introduce or launch a new product or service; or to initiate a new business venture. The factors which might be investigated as part of a market analysis include: marketing environment, profiles of the potential markets, assessment of the potential priority markets, and the possible strategies to be used to obtain and ...

I Have you ever wondered how it feels to breathe underwater and commune with the creatures of the sea?

II Thesis statement Today, I will share with you the wonderful things and places I’ve experienced and want to further experience from scuba diving.

III Preview statement First, I’ll tell you about my introduction to scuba diving, then, I’ll share with you my scuba diving experiences, and finally I’ll divulge some of the diving sites that I wish to visit.

BODY

I MPTS#1: First, I’ll tell you how I was introduced to scuba diving.

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Question 1: Determine the types of ecotourism activities carried out in your country, state or area.

Answer: Australia houses nineteen World Heritage Sites varying from Greater Blue Mountains, to the magnificent Great Barrier Reef, to the fossil mammal sites in Riversleigh/ Naracoorte, to the Gondwana rain forests, to the Wet Tropics of Queensland. Though the nature of ecotourism activities depend on the features of the ecosystem in some cases, in others, the activities are same, the place changes. Mountain biking is an example of the former, and, exploring the flora and fauna, of the latter.

The activities offered by ecotour operators include mystery tours to explore the legends, culture, myths, ghost stories and history of a ...

One of the inescapable and unavoidable aspects of life is interior design, both professional and non-professional. The modern world is made up of the domain of an individual’s personal residence. However, it is also made up of “the interiors of the homes of friends and relatives, of offices, stores, restaurants, schools, hospitals, transport vehicles, and every other sort of place where modern life is lived” (Pile 10). When people face difficulty in making their homes look beautiful by giving them a new look, they consider taking the services of a professional interior designer. An interior designer makes use of ...

1) Lionfish, belonging to the genus Pterois, is native to the Pacific and Indian oceans. They inhabit the coral reefs and lagoons and predate the small fish. Lionfish is now abundantly encountered in the United States East coast and Caribbean Sea.

There is a speculation that the lionfish was released from an aquarium in South Florida in the hurricane Andrew in 1992, although the lionfish was first discovered in the South Florida much earlier in 1985. In the last two decades the lionfish particularly the P. volitans species has expanded largely across Western Atlantic and Caribbean (Albins and Hixon, 2011). ...

The journal article was written to provide an overview of physical and chemical processes affecting changes in coral reef ecosystem. These changes are influenced by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission (Hoegh-Guldberg, Mumby and Hooten 1737) that triggers physical processes involving laws of thermodynamics. The journal article also shows how the basic principle and theory of thermodynamics occur at global scale over a long period of time. Consequently, the physical processes influence the chemical processes that eventually lead to further changes in ocean ecosystem. The article introduces reader to the existing phenomena of warming and acidifying of the seas (Hoegh-Guldberg, Mumby ...

Introduction

The Florida area is renowned for its attractive and unique coral reef. The coral reef system that exists in this area serves as the natural habitat to many reef-dwelling species. Some of the well-known species are the Gag Grouper, which are considered very important to the fishermen. However, in the past 40 years, there has been a significant decrease in the coral reef cover in South Florida. It is estimated that over half of the native Oculina Varicosa coral that exists off the Florida coast has been ruined since the early 70’s, and there is very little evidence to ...

List of Figures

Figure 1 Torrey canyon supertanker and surrounded with oil spills 6 Figure 2 A-Geographical location of the disaster. B-Route at the time of accident 9 Figure 3Torrey Canyon and Air strike: World’s first ever environmental disaster 11 Figure 4 :The Renown Torrey quarry 11 Figure 5: Dead bird in Torrey Canyon query 12 Figure 6Plumes emitting from burning Torrey Canyon 13

Abstract

On 18th March 1967, the ship Torrey Canyon, carrying a load of 120000 tons of crude oil dashed against Pollard's Rock of the reef of Seven Stones near Cornwall, England. The resultant oil ...

Impact of climatic change on the Great Barrier Reef

Climatic changes refer to lasting and significant changes in the weather patterns characterized by statistical distribution over a period spanning decades or hundred thousands of years. These changes may encompass extreme weather conditions and may happen due to variations in solar radiation reaching earth, biotic processes, volcanic eruptions, melting of the polar caps and plate tectonics. Certain activities undertaken by humans have also been recognized as contributing to negative climatic changes such as global warming. This climate change has threatened earth's ecosystems. The recent harsh change in the climate such as an increase in temperature takes a great toll on the ...

Introduction

A lot of things can happen to a ship after it has departed from a seaport and left to travel against the waves of the ocean on its own. This is where the purpose of maritime safety and risk management comes in. Its purpose is to educate officers and crew members of a ship on how to react to certain risks, or in the worst case scenario a certain crisis. In general, the objective of a maritime safety and risk management is to ensure that the current maritime risk does not escalate into a crisis, and if it already did, mitigate the probable effects of ...

Introduction

The great white shark is found in all major oceans around the world and is also known as the great white or white death. The great white shark belongs to the species of lamniform shark and are widely distributed all over the globe. The taxonomic name for white shark is Carolus Linnaeus. White sharks are famous for their massive size and voracious eating habits. A mature male white shark could grow up to 6.5m in length. Researches have published work stating that great white sharks grow up to 8m in length. A mature white shark would weigh around 3, ...

Introduction

Ever since man discovered that wood could float in water, he has endeavored to build sophisticated vessels that would make sea travel as safe as possible. However, numerous centuries of innovation have not produced an entirely fool proof vessel. A total conquest of the sea is far from near. It is noteworthy to note in the same breath that sea transport is getting safer and faster, when contrasted against the situation within the last few decades (Abulafia). The pursuit for continual improvement in maritime transport has been sustained by the unending pace of globalization. While there has been a tremendous ...

Reefs and shorelines are some of the most instrumental features of natural water bodies. Consequently, they should be preserved and kept clean. Keeping shorelines clean helps preserve the water quality and keep the water in the water bodies clean. The vegetation found in the shorelines filters surface runoff before the runoff can reach the water. Consequently, pollutants such as pesticides, manure, fertilizers, motor fluids and sediments, that may be present in the runoff, are prevented from entering the water. These pollutants can affect the aquatic animals and the water ecosystem in many ways. For instance, deposition of a large amount ...

Both estuaries and coral reefs play significant roles for the survival of ocean organisms as well as terrestrial lives. Estuaries are semi- enclosed bodies of water which is created when the salt water of the ocean combines with the fresh water from rivers. It is considered to be the transition zone between sea and land. Estuaries serve as a venue for the congregation of fish, birds and other animals to feed, grow or migrate . On the other hand, coral reefs are one of the world's richest ecosystems. Coral reef ecosystems are exceptional, diverse biological systems recognized as an important environmental ...

Tourism

Introduction When a village in a coast al location has to pick the most convenient type of tourism to welcome, tourism can be tricky depending on the needs of that particular village. Unfortunately, there are only two methods available. These are mass tourism and alternative tourism. The most effective strategy is a combination of the two. This writing creates a fictional village referred to as “Katavalo” to showcase and analyze the best strategy to follow. It starts by discussing tourism in general before explaining mass and alternative tourism. It further explains sustainable or responsible tourism. The paper also discusses the advantages and ...

Global Warming Introduction Global warming is the increase in the average global temperatures that is caused by buildup of greenhouse gases. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the common greenhouse gas; however others like methane, nitrogen oxides are quantitatively measured on the basis of carbon dioxide equivalents. Air pollution is the main source of the greenhouse gases, especially from industrial settings. Therefore, human activities are the primary causes of global warming through industrial growth, transportation, continued reliance on fossil fuels and removal of carbon sinks. Report by Weart indicated that, the atmospheric temperatures will increase by approximately 1.8-4.0 degrees Celsius by ...

The Valdez Oil Spill and the Deep Water Horizon Oil Spill

Exxon Valdez was an oil tanker ship that measured 987 feet, this tanker had an oil spill on 24th of March 1989 in Prince William Sound of Alaska. This oil spill, at that time was deemed “the most devastating human caused accident, which shook every pillar of the environmental ecosystem.” (Raunekk and Swagatam, 2010). Another oil spill occurred in recent future events that cause devastating damage to the environment, on the 20th of April 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil rig had an oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Oil spills according to Sevhoo (2013), are caused, at least ...

Tropical coral reefs are deep-sea habitat made of calcium carbonate. Corals secrete the calcium carbonate making most of the coral reefs. They occur in warm tropical waters with bountiful sunlight necessary for their survival. Coral reefs are made up of tiny marine creatures made up of few nutrients. Stony corals consisting of polyps make the basis for most of the coral reefs. Polyps belong to group cnidarians in the animal kingdom. This group of animals also consist the jellyfish and anemones. Different from the sea anemones, coral polyps secrete a hard exoskeleton made up of carbonate offering mechanical support to ...

In evolution, medicine, as well as ecology, it is recognized that nature together with symbiotic interactions’ outcome are frequently context-dependent. However, the importance of context-dependence in symbiosis associated with diseases of wildlife. The availability of information that context-dependent symbiosis is important and common has resulted in evolutionary theory development, enhanced the apprehension of activity of bicontrol in agriculture and intensified the apprehension of ecologies of several species and contributed to human medicine. The authors of this paper reviewed the proof for context-dependency in symbioses, in various taxa, as well as disciplines. Symbioses are used as a variable, and chytridiomycosis, the ...

Scientific research has for a long time depended on the inductive method for the purpose of forming of theories and hypotheses. This method is also referred to us inductive reasoning and is the direct opposite of the deductive method. In this method, there are experiments that are carried out then specific observations made. From the observations, there are generalizations drawn for the sake of having a conclusive agenda. The basis of this method is that it derives generalizations from the hypothesis. Even though the observations may have some level of accuracy, there is always a provision for a false derivation (Gauch, 20). ...

The article in National Geographic Magazine was entitled “Ocean Acidification”. It was written by Elizabeth Kolbert and the photographs were taken by David Liittschwager. The article discusses the acidity of the sea and how carbon dioxide and harmful greenhouse gases are seeping into the ocean and affecting life in the water. The study takes place in two locations, the first is in Castello Aragones, which is west of Naples, and the second location is in Australia, by the sea in the Great Barrier Reef of Queensland. The article first explains why the locations were chosen and what was ...

Introduction.

As mans impact on this pale blue dot with its complex and fragile natural cycles and ecosystems becomes increasingly more evident and concerning, it is up to the people to take initiative and pride themselves on minimising and hopefully one day in the far future reverse the harm we have caused to our one and only planet. It is due to our ignorance, greed and trust in the powers that be that have brought the climate to where it is today. So as conditions worsen we must hold governments accountable and implement strategies that protect natural systems whilst supporting ...

Introduction

Florida reef tract is a vast bed or coral sanctuary that covers from Fowey Rocks near Miami to Dry Tortugas. This is known to be the most extensive living coral barrier reef system in Northern America waters. Description of factors that define coral reef and biotic factors found here will be included in this study. This research will be outlined based on the analogy of marine life species and how they affect the near-shore coral communities through bio-manipulation.

About Coral Reef

A-biotic factors that define coral reef are hurricanes, currents, sunlight, and water quality. High winds and large waves of hurricanes can damage ...

The country of Belize is located in Central America on the Yucatan Peninsula. The coordinates are 17”15’ north of the equator and 88”45’ west of the Prime Meridian. To the east lies the Caribbean Sea where there are 386 km of coastline. Mexico lies to northwest and they share a 250 km border and Guatemala lies to the south-southwest sharing 266 km of land. It is the only country in Central America that has no Pacific coastline. Belize boasts the second largest coral reef, second only to the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. The reef is known as ...

The Great Barrier Reef

The Great Barrier Reef of the coast of Australia is one of the As one of the seven wonders of the world. It contains nearly 40% of the coral reefs of the world, whereas the north east seaboard of the continent contains about 2,000 kilometres of reefs. Recent researchers by McNamara and Gibson (2008, p. 97) have established that these reefs account for some of the major tourism attractions in the country. In 2007, the international status of the Great Barrier Reef was confirmed when the World Travel and Tourism Council voted it in as the world’s ...

Conservation of Coral Reefs on the benthic environment

Coral reef is a natural resource found in the benthic (ocean floor) environment. This great natural occurring resource happens to hold up an extraordinary geological, biological and economic role. Such is the case that coral reefs support a rich diverse assemblage of more than 5000 species (Warner, 2009). In addition, these exceptional resources serve to protect the shorelines of countries from erosion and tropical storms. From what has been discussed, it is obvious that coral reefs play an important role in the well being of the people living on the costal shores. Also, it has been found out that coral reef ...

The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI)

Ausloos and Ivanova (2001, p. 1) succinctly define the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) as a core component or characteristic of the El Nino phenomenon. The SOI data have been collected and analyzed since the year 1866 so as to effectively study and explain the occurrence of extreme climactic events. This makes it possible for meteorologists to understand the outstanding factors of the sometimes catastrophic phenomenon of El Nino and therefore be able to estimate and accurately predict future trends.

In essence, the core aspects of the SOI are derived from studying the cyclical warming and cooling of localized regions within ...

Global Warming: Fact or Fiction?

Global warming is the recorded and projected rise in the Earth’s average atmospheric and oceanic temperatures. In the year nineteen eighty six Svante Arrhenius, a Nobel Prize laureate from Sweden, brought to the attention of the world the imminent danger of global warming but nobody paid attention to his concerns. Today the topic of global warming has become a universal concern with everyone taking the threats posed by global warming seriously. The same people, whose activities contributed greatly to this problem, are more than willing to help in dealing with this problem. However, some people are skeptics who claim that ...

Coral bleaching occurs when there is physiological stress experienced by the coral reefs. The stress is caused by an imbalance of the symbiotic relationship that the corals have with the algae that live within them. These algae are of the genus Symbiodinium. The algae are important to the coral reef since they are a source of nutrition and color. The algae will reduce or all will leave the coral reefs when there are harsh physical conditions. When this occurs, there is no tissue growth and sexual production in the corals. They end up losing color and thus the term coral ...

Coral Bleaching: Causes, Effects and Response Action Plan Coral bleaching occurs when there is physiological stress which leads to an imbalance of the symbiotic relationship that the corals have with the algae that live in the coral leaves (Rosenberg, Kushmaro, Kramarsky-Winter, Banin and Yossi 1). The algae will reduce or all will leave. The algae are important to the coral reef since they are a source of nutrition and colour. When this occurs, there is no tissue growth and sexual production in the corals. They end up losing colour and thus the term coral bleaching (Douglas, 386). The skeletal ...

Introduction

James Scott focuses on the measures that people put in place in order to avoid dominance. He based his study on peasants within Malaysia. He further made a study in Vietnam after a war out break and wrote on various ways in which individuals tend to avoid power. He majorly argued that the low class people in the society normally prefer a patron- client kind of relationship whereby the rich tend to protect the poor (Scott, 1987). Thus when this fails to happen the inferior individuals tend to rebel. Scott has since then expanded his study to the lowly in society within ...

Abstract

Corals reefs are some of the most important structures that make up marine life. They are a very crucial pillar especially in the Caribbean states through which tourists find every meaning of visiting. Coral reefs collectively, are believed to be among the natural wonders among the creatures of the world. Just like any other living thing, a coral undergoes numerous adverse conditions which threaten its existence. Vulnerability over climate change is a major factor affecting the coral reefs growing rate in the near future. This paper analyzes the environmental challenges that commonwealth state of Bahamas is going through as far as the ...