Essays on Borrow

Ibsen’s A Doll’s House and Strindberg’s Miss Julie

Introduction A Doll’s House is the story of Nora Helmer, a loyal woman, and wife who tires off from the fatalism of a marriage life where she has to submit to her husband, Torvald Helmer. The play builds up around the happiness of Mr. Helmer, and Nora works hard to hide her strengths and abilities (Ibsen 50). The play ends with Nora growing weary with the relationship, and when Dr. Rank declares his love to her, she decides to break up with Torvald and elope with Dr. Rank. On the other hand, the play, Miss Julie, is a ...

Deficit or Surplus

Effects of Federal Budget Deficit or Surplus Q4. Explain why a federal budget surplus increases national savings, while a budget deficit decreases national savings. Reply: A government’s budget balance is the difference in government revenue and spending. When the federal expenditure is less than federal revenue, the federal budget is in surplus. National savings is the sum of private and public savings. In the case of the budget surplus, the government sector is a net contributor to national savings. This causes an increase in national savings. When federal budget is in deficit, the federal expenditure is more than ...

Charles Baudelaire has played a significant role in modern art and culture. He came up with the word modernity and emphasized the importance on why art has to capture the experience of urban life. In 'The Painter of Modern life', an essay by Baudelaire, he highlighted important points such as originality by analyzing the ways and art of a man known as Monsieur C. G. Baudelaire argues that art and culture should not borrow too from much on the past. He emphasized the importance of originality. He did so by looking at M. G.’s desire to remain anonymous, ...

Deficit spending refers to the spending of funds more than the income. In government, deficit spending occurs when the government expenditure exceed the revenues collected over a specified fiscal period (Investopedia, 2016b). An important note on government deficit spending is that it begins at the budgeting stage where the government plans to spend more than it expects to get in revenues. The consequence of this is that the government has to borrow even with the achievement of the highest estimates in revenue collection. The government finances the deficit through two main ways. Traditionally, the major method of meeting the ...

Cosimo di Giovanni de Medici was given the title Pater Patriae of Italy at his death and was also known as the primus inter pares. He was the founder of the Medici dynasty, who were during the Renaissance the de facto rulers of Florence. Even though Cosimo Medici was a powerful man, he was not an official ruler. Medici’s government also consisted of a council who would many times resist the laws that Medici put forth. This paper will look at the accomplishments of Cosimo di Medici. Cosimo di Medici was born on the 10th of April, 1389 ...

Fed is the US central bank, and it is concerned mainly with managing the circulation of money in the economy (Banks para 1). It supplies the currency to the economy by regulating how the banking systems lend money to the public. Additionally, the Fed receives the deposits from other deposit- taking institutions since it is statutory requirement that the banks maintain a certain deposit with the Fed. This system often known as fractional-reserve system ensures that the banking system has enough cash (liquidity) to meet their financial obligations. The Fed can raise or lower the banking system’s reserve ...

Relationship between inflation and interest rates

Introduction Predominantly, most economic agents base their decisions on the current and expected changes in the economic conditions. Variations in interest rates have been used as a major variable by most researchers and policy analysts. Additionally, the behavior of interest rates in the economy has been studied since the interest rate is a significant macroeconomic factor to help in the understanding of how it is related to other macroeconomic variables and its impact on the economy. Primarily, interest rates entail the percentage of the loan that lending institutions charge as interest to borrowers, and it is mostly expressed as ...

Introduction

The play, Dollhouse, is a drama outplay that features the young family of Torvald Helmer and his wife, Nora. Nora comes around as a very cheerful lady, and caring, considering that she went to great lengths to secretly borrow money to finance her husband’s treatment. She is a homemaker, kind and mainly responsive to the needs and the feelings of other people, including Mrs. Linde, who lost her husband and sick mother. To her husband, Nora was a kind of a movie actress, performing a role that was defined by the society of being a wife, faithful, submissive ...

I agree with you when you say that lack of relinquishment of ownership is an advantage of debt financing. Also, it is true to say that the ability of an organization to borrow more gives it the potentiality to have great returns on investment. On the disadvantages of debt financing, you have mentioned payment of interest and inhibited growth rate of the business which I see as very good points and must be taken into account by any business willing to borrow. Just like the rest of the students, you have mentioned the selling of securities as an opportunity ...

If I had an opportunity to advise a presidential candidate on the preparation of children for college, I would stress the importance of reforming education funding policies. The current policies do not create equitable access to education leading to an amplification of the wealth gap. The tuition fees and other costs have been rising disadvantaging the poor. Lyndsey (2015) reported about the federal data of 2013 stating that for the past fifty years, a majority of the public school students from prekindergarten to the 12th grade came from low-income households with 51% being eligible for the federal program offering ...

Abstract

The US economy thrives on the proper functioning of the monetary policy of the government of the day. Interest rates, inflation and recession are all related and happen to influence proper functions of the government warranting their clear understanding. As a victim of a recent economic recession, a consideration of the role of interest rates on the overall functioning of the economy becomes particularly important. This paper shall seek to understand the concept of interest rates and how they affect the economy of the United States of America. The paper, in doing this, shall consider the causes of the ...

Edmonds, Tsay, and Olds (2011, p.314) considers the cash budget to be one of the most important operating budgets developed by the company. The reason for this is that it reveals the amount of cash excess and deficit incurred by the company, which is usually on a monthly basis (Horngren, Harrison, & Oliver, 2012, p.1065). The additional purpose of the cash budget is that it reveals the amount of cash that can be used by the company for short-term investments or for the repayment of previous borrowings in the event of a cash excess (Edmonds, Tsay, & Olds, 2011, p.315). The ...

ABSTRACT

It is necessary for investors to consider their overall portfolio and analyze which investment option is lagging in which area. Thus, we took all the investment what we were involved in over a given period of time. The three markets taken were stock exchange options, Forex currency trading and bullion trading. Under stock exchange trading options, we considered the investments made in three separate quarters, for Forex trading, we took the two currencies: Euro and Yen and for the bullion trading we invested in gold and silver as precious metals. Later, we found the profit status from all the ...

Introduction

The one of the most important questions for investors is how the expected return of an investment is affected by its risk. The answer to this question gives the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). It was developed by W. Sharpe, J. Linter, J. Treynor and J. Mossin in 1960s. The idea of CAPM is that there are a number of risks that have an impact on the asset prices. It is natural to assume that an investor should receive high reruns from the high-risk investments. The price of such assets should be relatively high in order to compensate a ...

“Governments should paly active roles in managing short run instability caused by

Unemployment and inflation problems” Introduction The reverse of the above statement is true, whereby if governments do not play an active role in fighting inflation and unemployment, the adverse effects associated with these two economic eventualities do sometimes dissipate on their own. Therefore, this paper agrees with the above statement, but will also attempt to show that various economic solutions to the short run instability which is associated with unemployment and inflation can sometimes lead to a worsening of the situation at hand, rather than its subsequent improvements (Quiggin, 2012, pg.13).

Positive Sustainable Economic Growth

According to Mukesh (2015, pg.69), one of the ...

The process of borrowing a loan from any bank begins with an expression of interest by the borrower to borrow such funds as he might require. Thereafter, it is the obligation of the lending institution, Community bank in this case, to conduct an objective and fair evaluation of creditworthiness of the borrower. The credit evaluation process is a clearly outlined procedure that varies from one creditor to another and it seeks to ascertain the degree and ability of the borrower to repay the borrowed funds as agreed at the time of borrowing. ("eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations", 2016) The ...

Introduction

The world we live in today has not always been what it is but has been built to what it is today. While little is known of the Western world, specifically the Americas before explorers such as Christopher Columbus discovered it, there exists rich literature of ancient civilizations that have shaped all spheres of modern life. The most recognized civilizations include the Egyptian civilization, the Roman Empire, and the Greek civilization. The fall of one civilization led to the rise of another civilization and so forth. The earliest recorded civilization, however, is the Egyptian civilization and scholars have credited ...

A decline in the profitability of the business would leave the business with less cash reserves and thus an increase in borrowings. Exhibit 1 shows that at a gross profit margin of 30%, the business would not have any borrowing over the period and would have a reserve of marketable securities of $21,836. Exhibit 2 shows that if the gross margin were to decline from 30% to 27.5% the business would exhaust its reserves in marketable securities in November and would have to borrow $47, 117 in November order to meet its closing cash balance target of $120, ...

Introduction

The exchange rate has become an integral component of modern economics. Its role stems from its far-reaching effects on the economy of a country, investments, the profitability of firms, and personal finances. Countries have become even more interdependent due to the rapid advancement in communication technologies and the expansion of global trade, which have significantly reduced the geographical distance between both individuals and countries. However, since nations use a broad range of domestic currencies with different values, trading partners must, therefore, rely on currency conversion methods to facilitate global transactions. This paper explores the importance of exchange rate and ...

Derivatives

Answer 1) In case, the company use 90-day forward contract, it will be required to pay: =300000*(0.40) = $120000

On the other hand, if it go by money market hedge, initially, it will invest:

=300000/1.03 = 291262 ringits In other words, in order to accumulate 300000 ringits in 90 days, the firm will need to deposit 291262 ringits presently. Henceforth, the firm will need to borrow, 291262* 0.404= $117,670 in the spot market.

The borrowed amount will be paid after 90-days with 4% interest, and this compute to:

= 117,670*(1.04) = $122,377 Therefore, by using the money market hedge, firm will need to pay $2377 more than the forward hedge. Hence, it should go for the forwar hedge

Answer 2)

Steps to hedge in the money market a) Borrow, 4000000/1.08= ...

The Cooking Hut Company (CHC), a kiosk retailer, has never budgeted due to its nature as a start-up.  CHC is now reaching the point where operations are predictable enough that a budget would be helpful for planning purposes.     Using spreadsheet software, prepare 2016 budget schedules & pro forma financials by quarter and in total, unless otherwise noted, based on the assumptions provided in this narrative. You will submit one Excel workbook (or Google spreadsheet).  There should be only three worksheets in the workbook. Each worksheet is a stand-alone budget scenario: (#1) base case scenario, (#2) modify cash flow scenario, and ( ...

Part. 1 Concept introduction and analysis

Introduction This report presents a proposal for a restaurant establishment in Clarke Quay in Singapore. The report provides an overview of the proposed location and the market trends identifying the suitability of the proposed concept. To achieve that, the proposal involves analysis of the target market and the financial prospects of the business deciding on whether the model is viable.

Restaurant concept

Generic strategy The restaurant will have a premium pricing given the target customers it will be serving in Clarke Quay. The customers are mainly professionals and visitors with substantial income to afford the premium price for the food items ...

(Tutor/Professor) (City, State)

Service Management

Executive Summary Service organizations face numerous challenges in an attempt to please their users. Discontentment and un-satisfaction among service users may lead to the organization in question being unpopular. Organization management differs from one organization to the other. Importantly, an organization can learn from another on how to address certain challenges. This report focuses on two service organizations in a similar industry (American Health Organization and American Red Cross), in relation to CRP. Both organizations offer CRP trainings, in addition to helping victims. The approaches the two employ differ. This report seeks to analyze such differences ...

Death of a Salesman is an American tragedy, written in 1948 by Arthur Miller. While it reflects the values of American society such as success and the American dream, the play continues to have relevance and a universal appeal because it depicts the struggle of a man, Willy Loman, to come to grips with a rapidly changing society which he no longer understands. Hooti and Azipour (15) are correct in their appreciation of the play when they assert that “this play is the story of all human beings who are in search of success, Love, Pride and Ambition, but ...

Following the recession in 2008 UK interest rates were cut to try and boost the economic growth for the country. According to Fender, (2012), lowering of interest rates in an economy has several effects to the economy of the country concerned and this is why the British Central Bank lowered the interest rates hoping for positive effects to the economy. As expected, the action by the central bank has resulted in some economic impacts to the economy of the country (Pettinger). In theory, lowering the interest rates, Ceteri Paribas, results in higher economic growth levels. However, there are other ...

Abstract

This paper begins with an introduction that provides a general overview as well as the setting of the play A Doll’s House. It also sets out to provide an analysis of how Ibsen portrays the rights of women through the female characters in his most famous plays, A Doll’s House and Ghosts. The paper begins by evaluating the rights of woman as portrayed through the experiences of the female characters in the Doll’s House. In particular, the primary focus of this part is Nora, who is a central character in the play. Accordingly, the play proceeds ...

About the paper

Capital structure of the company represents the mix of debt and equity components used by an entity to finance its capital requirements. However, right from the beginning of the corporate era, the goal of the financial managers has always been the minimization of weighted average cost of capital and thereby maximizing the value of their entity. Ironically, the world of academicians is divided and postulates different opinion as under what conditions the WACC rate is minimized and how the additional funding affects the WACC rate of the company. While static trade-off theory stands as the most pragmatic theory relating ...

Introduction

The Tulip Mania that took place between 1636 and 1637 is one of the earliest recorded financial bubbles (Veen, 2012). While there is no universally accepted definition of a financial bubble, the term financial bubble is used to refer to a situation where an asset price exceeds the asset intrinsic value, or the value that could be earned by holding the asset to maturity for an extended period of time (The Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, 2012). The Tulip Mania fits the description of a financial bubble because at its height, the price of some tulip bulbs exceeded the ...

Introduction

Sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation are the three of the four main forms of business organizations. One is required to understand first all the features of these business organizations before establishing one. Regarding the ease of formation, the sole proprietorship and partnership business organizations are easier to form than a corporation. The management of these two forms of business is also easier than the management of a corporation. Consequently, the present paper delves into the characteristics, benefits, and drawbacks of each of these business organizations.

Sole Proprietorship

A sole proprietorship is essentially a form of business organization, which is typically owned, ...

Introduction

For many years, financial crises have been pervasive. According to Collardi (2012), the frequency of occurrence of financial crises in the recent decades has doubled the occurrence during the Bretton Woods Period and the Gold Standard Era. Nevertheless, the occurrence of the 2007-2008 financial crisis came as a great surprise to many individuals. Initially, the crisis was seen as difficulties that were being experienced in the United States subprime mortgage market. This, however, spilled rapidly to the financial markets before spilling over to the real economy. This paper discusses the causes of the financial crisis and the measures that ...

How does Torrington fit with the Timken Company?

Since both Torrington and Timken company operates in similar business line and industry, the acquisition of Torrington will be a great fit into Timken as the latter’s management will be able to take advantage of the resources owned by Torrington. Moreover, as stated in the case details, both companies have only 5% overlap in product offering, but the customer list overlap by 80%. Therefore, a single company will be able to create better value for its customers.

What are the expected synergies?

Since Torrington and Timken operate in similar business lines of automotives and industrial bearings, the acquisition will result in some synergies ...

Introduction

Current problem: Greece’s economy was in the brick of falling and other nations had to look for a way to stabilize their economy. Thesis statement: During an economic meltdown, there is no winner or loser since it affects everyone in one way or another. Coming together to save a failing economy is the only way out of a financial meltdown

Background

Greece was heavy in debt and could not borrow more to settle its creditors. The failing economy spiked major concern to its investors (Mattich, Could Greek Deal Be Bad For Eurozone Growth? par 1). Major Point 1: Despite ...

How the composition of government spending changed since the 1960’s

Taylor (para 9) notes that a huge percentage of government expenditure is directed to entitlements as opposed to investments. Notably in 1962, the expenditure on investment was 2 ½ times that of entitlements. However, in the 21st century, the spending on entitlement is three times more than on investments (Taylor para 9). This trend attributes to the fact that most of the government spending goes to consumption, and only a few investments are made. In 1960’s the expenditure on entitlements was approximately 15 percent, but now it is more than half of all the federal expenditure. For instance, in ...

Introduction

Tribal courts are a common phenomenon among American Indians/Native Americans. Their existence has been shaped and aligned along the Anglo-styled justice system that is dominant in the United States of America. There is a need to learn and understand the development of the tribal courts as relates to the American Indian approach. For instance, it is worth-noting that there exist several similarities between the 19th and 20th century American Indian experiences. The introduction of the Anglo-styled system of justice also means that the system to be used should be balanced. Whereas the tribal courts represent the past, the Anglo-styled ...

Problems Facing the Firm

Quadriserv Firm aimed at creating a centralized marketplace where the investors could effectively lend as well as borrow securities. In other words, the goal of this company was to modernize the United States equity securities lending market. Nonetheless, the brokerage firms resisted Quadriserv Firm’s innovations. Quadriserv faced a dilemma in deciding whether to make the changes to its systems so as to preserve a number of advantages, which the brokerage firms had in the prevailing marketplace and facilitate their participation in the electronic marketplace, which it was creating or not (Cohen & Malloy, 2011). The changes to Quadriserv Firm’ ...

Introduction

Governments and nonprofit organizations just like the commercial entities must prepare financial statements, but unlike the commercial entities whose accounting is for measuring profitability, the governments’ and nonprofit organizations’ accounting is for accountability (City of Cambridge Participatory Budgeting, 2016). The nonprofit and government agencies apply an accounting system known as fund accounting, where a fund is made up of several accounts each set apart for a particular purpose in agreement with law and regulations. Unlike the commercial entities which only have a single account called the general ledger for determination of profits, nonprofit and government agencies can have several ...

The primary issue in this case is related to pending litigation of the company and increasing competition in the tobacco industry that is likely to erode the market share of the company.

Why is UST Inc. considering a leveraged recapitalization after such a long history of conservative debt policy?

UST is considering a leverage capitalization in order to benefit from the tax shield associated with the debt financing. The increase in value along with existing enterprise value will be distributed amongst lower number of shareholders. Moreover, considering the past performance of UST, the company has a high cash generative capacity of the company’s business. Evaluate the business risks of UST from the viewpoint of a ...

Importance of Innovation to AutoZone

Innovation is very important for the division and the entire organization. It is for this reason that innovation will be embedded in the core values as well as the mission and vision of the division. The main objective of making innovation part of the AutoZone statements is to help in reinforcing it. This will change the way innovation is viewed. Instead of being seen as just an aspirational concept, the idea is to make it as part of the everyday experience. It has to be embedded in everyone’s job responsibility. It will be used to further positive employee ...

In 2007 and 2008, both the housing industry and financial sector experienced a major lapse in performance. These two sectors, which are major players in the economy, had a great impact on the overall economy that was experienced by everyone. This essay will use the radio program by the name “the big pool of money” in order to explain the events that led to the drop in performance by these two sectors. The housing sector was hit hard with the happenings that took place during the recession with rates for mortgages soaring the roof tops and many people lagged ...

Abstract

This dissertation formulates a research dissertation and strategy for a study into the impact of Islamic banking on the economic development of societies within which such banks operates. To this end, the research examines the major tools and impacts of Islamic banks on society by conducting a literature review. This is followed by the deduction of research questions and a hypothesis that will be used to form the parameters of the entire research. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the relationship between the growth of Islamic banking worldwide and economic development of countries wherein this growth is ...

Forward Hedge

Spot rate US$ 0.74 Forward rate US$ 0.76 US $ received = 800,000*0.76 = US$ 608,000. If Novena Ltd. takes the forward contract they will exchange the Singapore dollars at the agreed forward rate of US$ 0.76 per Singapore dollar. Under the forward hedge Novena Ltd. will receive US$ 608,000.

Money market Hedge

Step I Borrow in foreign currency 800,000/ (1.07) = SGD$ 747,663.55 In the first step Novena Ltd. Should borrow in Singapore dollars. The amount of money borrowed should be the present value of the expected receipt discounted at Singapore borrowing rate. The present value of SGD$ 800, ...

Learning from Chapter1 - Most Surprising Discovery about “Millionaires”

It is learned that millionaires spend quality time with their families and enjoy life while refraining from being a workaholic person. They can achieve work and personal life balance as they do not borrow money/credit to finance their consumptions. Instead, millionaires borrow a little and earn more money through business activities. They live normal but comfortable lifestyle and in fine homes. They wake up early (at 3:00 A.M.) as well as play sports like tennis and Golf. Millionaires love their work/profession and become expert professionals in their fields. All millionaires never do work by themselves and assign tasks to ...

1How does monetary policy affects the economy?

There is no doubt that national monetary policies pose a great impact on the economy of any country, that is, employment, income and investment. Theories trying to explain this mainly draw their arguments from the general nominal rigidity as applied in prices and wages. It therefore means that monetary policy has an impact on the economy due to the fact that workers and firms respond to the increase in liquidity through improved production rather than increasing the prices and or wages. Notably, there is a significant disparity in decision making as far as wage setting is concerned. Most theories ...

Introduction

Monetary policy is the endeavor by the federal or state government to control the amount of money circulating within an economy. These control measures are undertaken to cub the instances of inflations or to control the interest rates to sustainable levels. Monetary policies can either be expansionary or contractionary. Expansionary monetary policies are meant to expand the supply of money to the economy thereby boosting the economic activities (Afonso, 2012). Expansionary monetary policies also lead to a reduction in average interest rates. Contractionary monetary policies, on the other hand, are macro-economic tools used by the federal or the state ...

Environmental psychology is a disciplinary field of study that focuses on the interaction between human and the surroundings. The field describes the term environment very widely including all the natural resources on the planet as well as built environments, social settings informational environments and learning environments. When solving predicaments involving human-surrounding interactions, whether local or global, one ought to have a replica of human nature that forecasts the environmental conditions under which individuals will behave in a creative and decent manner. With such a replica one can manage, design, restore and protect surroundings that improve reasonable behavior, predict what the outcome is likely ...

This paper is going to discuss the European sovereign debt crisis of 2010 to date, and especially the crisis that hit two particular governments in the sovereignty, Greece and Ireland. The two governments have recently received bailouts, or financial support from the EU/ IMF following the two nation’s financial crisis of 2010. The two countries had similarities in regards to the support owing to the fact that the two states had troubles with their government finances. The causes of the troubles, in addition to the terms of the support received by each nation, and the prospects of the ...

Abstract The trade off theory advocates that the management consider the trade off between the benefits resulting from tax shields verses costs, such as bankruptcy costs, interest costs and agency costs among others. The ability of management to obtain external financing is determined by size of company, profitability, opportunities for growth among other factors. The trade off theory indicates that the management gears at obtaining all the benefits associated with external financing. The M and M theory (1963) has the argument that changing the capital structure may not make the share holder any better off. The contradiction of ...

Abstract:

Skylux Construction Company is a company that has been in business for some time. After being in operation for some time, the business wishes to borrow some finances to fund its activities that are part of the new goals and objectives.

This paper, Applying for Finance shows the amount of funds to be borrowed, how and where. It also shows the types of finances that the company has opted to go for. The paper also shows the major competitors and the services and products that they offer.

Further on, the paper shows the profiles of the key players in the ...

1.0 BUSINESS DESCRIPTION

Skylux Construction Company will be located in Fairfield, New South Wales. It will be a sole-proprietorship business. The business will be a construction company, offering construction services to builders and other consumers. It will also offer renovation and remodelling services to homeowners. The company has the ability, personnel and skill to meet its client’s needs and requirements. The physical address of the company will be 1457 Pitt Street Mall, New South Wales, Australia. The company will officially start running on 1st July, 2011.

The business being a sole proprietorship will be managed by the owner, who will be the general manager ...

Risk is inherent in all characteristics of a commercial procedure; equally, for banks and financial organizations, credit risk is a necessary issue that requires handling. Credit risk is the likelihood that a borrower will fall short in meeting his or her responsibilities in conformity with contracted terms. Credit risk, consequently, occurs from the bank’s transactions with or loaning to business, persons, and other financial establishments. This area of credit evaluation and measurement is enormous and every new account fronts new tests. When an application is obtain, what does a financier searches for in it? Answer to this is not merely comprehensive but ...

Assignment Part#1

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using a hierarchical model, such as the Cisco Three-Layer Hierarchical model, to build a network?

The hierarchical model focuses on the three functional areas of the network. The functional areas include: Core layer, Distribution layer and Access layer.

Advantages of using the hierarchical model

i. Scalability – This makes it possible to grow your network by diving it into functional areas

ii. Behavior prediction – It makes it possible for one to foresee what may happen to the network when new stresses are placed on it.

iii. Policy creation – When using the hierarchical model, it is easy to create policies and specify rules.

...