Essays on Stalin

How Stalin succeeded in transforming the U.S.S.R. Stalin’s plans to achieve the modernization of the Soviet Union through rapid industrialization and the collectivization of the land transformed the Soviet Union, but came with an immense cost in human suffering. How was Stalin able to pursue such inhumane policies without risking insurrection or revolt? This paper examines five sources in order to answer that question. It will be seen that through a mixture of tyranny and terror, through propaganda designed to bolster the cult of personality, and through associating himself the legacy of Lenin, Stalin was able to achieve ...

Lenin’s Testament refers to a document written by Vladimir Lenin during the last weeks of 1922 and the first week of 1923. In his infamous testament, Lenin proposed changes to be made to the structure of Soviet governing bodies. In addition, he also commented on the leading and senior members of the Soviet leadership and suggested that Stalin be removed from his position as the Secretary General of the Soviet Party’s Central Committee. In his final letters to the Soviet Union, Lenin warned that Stalin held much power and was too dangerous. Lenin was not a fan of Stalin ...

Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution being one of the most recognized events in the world history had been opinionated and criticized throughout many writing pieces. Animal Farm, written by George Orwell, is a metaphoric and detailed novel published in 1956, reflecting the Russian revolution of the 1917. George Orwell the son of a British civil servant, born as Eric Arthur Blair, gained popularity and a boost of financial holdings after publishing the novel; Animal Farm. The novel is an anti-Soviet satire that takes place in a farm where the idea of animalism has been presented to the animals by a pig named Old Major. He dies ...

Joseph Stalin was one of the most outstanding persons in the politics of the twentieth century. For one type of people, he was bloody dictator and murderer for the other - wise ruler and the savior of the state. One thing we know for sure – this person had a great impact on both the Soviet Union and the world. His decisions changed borders in Europe and changed world history. Joseph Stalin or Ioseb Besariones dze Jughashvilli was born in the town of Gori, Georgia, on December 18, 1878 in the family of cobbler. In childhood, Joseph suffered from various diseases. ...

The development of Russia had many historical turning points. These changes were mainly connected with such political figures as Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Gorbachev, Yeltsin, and Putin. The Soviet economy depended on mostly political decisions but not economic programs. Although the basic economic system in Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev eras remained unchanged, there were some peculiarities in these periods. The effect of Stalin’s policy had a profound impact on people and the state. In 1928, the Communists instituted the first Five-Year Plan. It dealt with such aspects of development as an industry, consumer goods, agriculture, transportation, communications, health, education, and ...

Introduction

“Animal Farm” was written by George Orwell. It is a satire and political literature. The original title of the novel is “Animal Farm: A Fairy Story” that proves it as a fable written with a purpose. However, the author did a wonderful attempt to present the political crisis and tyrannical government through a story of animals in a farm. It is a dystopian and allegorical novel. Orwell’s intention is to reflect Russian Revolution and reign of Stalin in Soviet Union. The novel is about the life of animals in a farm. They wanted to rebel and save themselves from the clutches of men and set new ...

Joseph Stalin, also known as Iosef Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili, was born on 18 December 1878, in Georgia, Russia, as his mother’s fourth child. His mother was very protective of him because she had lost the first three children due to bad health. His father was a boot maker and the mother was a cleaner, so Stalin’s family experienced poverty like other peasant families in his area. Joseph’s mother introduced him to a local church school, where he worked hard and was awarded a free scholarship in the Tiflis Theological Seminary (Kuromiya, 2005). He joined a secret revolutionary group in the seminary, where ...

Introduction

When Karl Marx wrote his seminal work, das capital, he never thought that his work would be as influential as events in the 20th century testifies. Karl Marx is thought to be one of the most influential economists of all time (Barnett 46). His ideas were first put in practice by Lenin in Russia. Marx had predicted the revolution of the proletariat to depose the owners of capital in the industrial societies. But this revolution happened in one of the most backward societies in Europe at the time. Together with Leon Trotsky, Lenin established communism in Russia. Lenin came ...

The development, course and end of Cold War is arguably, among the most fascinating topics in modern history judging from the considerable amount of historical literature and research. Although multiple causes have been advanced, Cold war has its roots in the breakdown in relations between the two major players; the US and Soviet Union during the period 1945-1950. Hypothetically to understand how Cold War developed, the causes of Cold war must be looked into on the basis of their relative importance so as to come up with differing perspective of the origin in relation to the events during the ...

Research Question, Rationale, Scope and Methodology

In this study, the research question is why the Russians failed to support the Polish undergrounds during their uprising against the Nazis in 1944. The rationale for doing this topic stems from the fact that there are two sides to this debate; on one hand, the Russians claimed that the Germans decimated their early advance on the Eastside of Poland thus reducing their tactics to defense only; on the other hand, western countries believe that Russia deliberately refused to assist the Polish insurgents for political reasons. Given that there are two sides to this debate, this paper examines the ...

The Cold War, started in the year 1947 up until 1991. It is very well documented in books, documentaries, movies and in many other forms. It was sustained military and political tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. It began after the two countries formed an alliance that eventually defeated the Nazi Germany in the Second World War. They were the only two major superpowers, with great political and economic differences. George Orwell an English writer, was the person responsible for coining the name ‘Cold War’. Cold War was basically a situation where by the two countries, engaged ...

People often compare Hitler and Stalin. It’s an easy comparison to make, really. They both ruled during times that overlapped, they both were dictators, and they both had economies that relied a lot on slave labor (for Hitler, the concentration camps and forced workers from the occupied territories; for Stalin, the Gulag population). Both appear to have cared little about the importance of human life, and frequently executed or otherwise condemned their subjects for minor differences of agreement. They were both harsh rulers, in a time where harsh rule was still seen as commonplace in societies that were evolving from ...

Solzhenitsyn's first novel One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich was published in 1962 after a round of intense, routine scrutiny by Party officials. (Biography of A. Solzhenitsyn) It is autobiographical: ‘Mr. Solzhenitsyn, who spent 11 years (1945-56) in various prisons, concentration camps and places of forced exile in the Soviet Union because of some disrespectful references to Stalin in private correspondence with a friend, caused a worldwide sensation in November 1962 when his first novel, "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich," was published in the magazine Novy Mir.’ (Kramer) There Alexander Solzhenitsyn wrote his masterpiece. ‘The tale involves a ...

United States of America had long followed a policy of isolation throughout the 18th and 19th century. The policy continued even in the earlier part of twentieth century when the First World War was fought. The event of disapproval of Woodrow Wilson’s fourteen points by Senators back home defined the overall outlook and aptitude of the Senators and American people outside the country. This defined the foreign policy of United States of America as well. However towards the middle of Second World War United States of America was forced into reverting its policy of isolation. The Second World ...

Theorists have put down arguments on the evolution of Europe. The discourse has often been that absent leaders that characterized the European political landscape, Europe would not have prospered as it has. In addition, it has been argued that communism and fascism indeed played a pivotal role towards the evolution of the modern states in Europe. It is imperative to appreciate that modern Europe remains purely capitalist with a few nations keen to introduce welfare systems intended to contain the harsh vagaries of capitalism. However, it is should be noted that the current practice is far from what Europe could have ...

Abstract Poland has experienced remarkable historical events in the last100 years. The 20th century started with the creation of the Second Polish Republic (1918 – 1939), then the World War II (1939 – 1945), then the creation of the People's Republic of Poland (1945-1989), and finally the birth of the Third Polish Republic (1989-today). Within these periods, several events took place, some of which will remain in the ears of the Polish for ever. One such event is World War II, which is considered as the most devastating event in the history of Poland. I set out to investigate this ...

- Summary & Background & Author Information

The book “Churchill: Visionary. Statesman. Historian” written by John Lukacs published in 2004 depicted the life of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill from the time of the Second World War towards the end of his career and death. Several chapters were assigned for Churchill’s relations with other World War II leaders and politicians who challenged his policies. Other sections were attached to how the world saw Churchill, the criticisms that continued to plague his life until his death. Churchill was former British soldier, writer, historian and journalist before he became the prime ...

The Russian Empire

Russia had a vast empire until 1917 when the Romanov royal family was overthrown and executed with the resultant imposition of Communist principles. Still the empire was at best loosely defined in places and the Russians were mostly composed of serfs with little or no civil liberties at all for several centuries. In fact, serfdom was the predominant political consideartion in the days of catherine and Peter the Great when vast sums of money were spent to embellish and build massive royal palaces as well as the building of great cties such as St Petersburg.

Serfdom created a situation where most ...

Abstract

This paper is on the topic of origins of the Cold War between The United States and The UUSR. The first section of this paper will discuss the origins of the Cold War. The second section of this paper will discuss who started the Cold War and the important events, individuals and ideas that shaped the development of the Cold War. The third section of this paper will discuss the influence of parties to share American policy towards the conflict. The final section of this paper will discuss if the cold war was fought at home or abroad.

Introduction

The ...

In the months following the Second World War, the United States and Soviet Union could be considered to be allies as they both shared in the victory over Adolf Hitler and his Nazi kingdom. This friendship soon became enemy territory really fast when they got locked in a struggle for prevalence in the new “Cold War.” What would turn out to be the Cold War started off as tensions between the then ‘Big Three’ allied leaders on coordination of strategy. These various issues sky-rocketed border disputes settlement, creation of the United Nations and post-war occupations of Japan and Germany. However ...

Literature

Thesis: Symbolism and figures of speech in Orwell’s Animal Farm i. Use of similes, metaphors and symbols in Animal Farm

A. A summary of Orwell’s Animal Farm

B. Setting of Animal Farm C. Napoleon and Snowball 1. Figures of speech in Animal Farm

Introduction

Animal Farm by George Orwell is one of the best works of the author. Each character in Animal Farm stands for an important character of the Russian Revolution. Fascism, communism and animalism are displayed as illusions applied by the pigs, in order to satiate their greed for power. The book is a political allegory of the then Soviet Union’s ...

Industrialization refers to the large-scale establishment of developed technical enterprises, manufacturing and other economic activities. The idea of industrialization refers to economic shifts from a principally agricultural foundation, to a combined or service/industrial foundation with a rise in output per capita and output. Even though the initial phases of industrialization need policy and systemic measures to guide resources into effective procedure, the creation of output growth via productivity growth is paramount. The Soviet Union economy focused on the procedure of industrialization and agriculture through divergent policy imperatives, institutional arrangement and shift in ideological strictures. Changes in the society and institutional arrangement ...

Dictatorship is when the government takes control of the entire country including the citizens’ lifestyles, rights and freedoms. This implies that in a totalitarian government like the one established by Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini and Joseph Stalin, political opponents were not allowed to influence any activities in their own countries. This paper is therefore intended to bring out the similarities and differences of the above three dictators in terms of their ideology, usage of propaganda and methods that they used to improve their countries’ economies (Weber, 107). Though they were dictators the three had got the same aim of making ...

Introduction

In the 20th century, different artists and political leaders employed different styles to convey social messages to the masses. The artists who advanced ‘modernism’ as a way to communicate their messages, as opposed to those who embraced the traditional approaches to maintain their political regimes, evidenced this. Hitler and Stalin alongside their artists were against ‘modernism’ but instead created political regimes by the use of the traditional styles in their bid to establish and maintain their own ideologies. The paper examines the different styles of leadership approaches that were taken by the artists who were for or against ...

Essay for Exam Chapter 25

World War II had left huge sections of Europe, especially Eastern Europe devastated. Many belonging to these states believed that communism and Joseph Stalin’s USSR was the much sought answer to their woes. Stalin used this to his advantage and built a communist buffer zone by seizing territories. This led to the fall of an iron curtain separating Eastern Europe from their western counterparts and the formation of the Soviet bloc. The cold war that resulted saw enormous changes in the social, economic and cultural life of people in both Western and Eastern Europe. Welfare states emerged to protect ...

The Cold War is a phenomenon in international relations, a tense period of confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union that took place since the end of the World War II till the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Its prehistory, according to some historians, dates back to the very beginning of the 20th century, when the Russian revolution led to the Bolsheviks overtaking the power in the former tsarist Russian Empire and promoting similar revolutions all over the world with the aim of creating a society, which would be an alternative to capitalism, the ruling ideology in the ...

Despite the success of the alliance between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States in bringing victory in the Second World War, the cooperation during wartime implied glossing over several differences between the two countries. The soviet leaders had been complaining about the coexistence between capitalism and communism following the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 (Jones, Trevelyn, Luann, Marlene, Daryl, Jeanne, & Mary, p. 172). There are several factors that combined to result into the emergence of the Cold War between the 1940s and 1990. During the 1940s, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, also known as the ...

Fascism and communism are two ideologies that presented the idea of reaching utopia. While fascism is on the extreme left and communism is on the extreme right, both ideologies believe that it is through the destruction of the world that a new order will be born from. Both ideologies do not see the good in the existence of the bourgeoisie and have endeavored to extinguish it. Lastly, communism and fascism are one in their goal of recruiting members that will compose and work with them in achieving their vision of the new utopia. Fascism had its seed firmly planted ...

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The Cold War: Its Origin and Effects

The Cold War that dates from 1947 to 1991 refers to the relationship that existed between the United States of America (USA) and the Soviet Union (also known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)) after the World War 2. It began after the two had a short-lived wartime alliance against the Nazi Germany, which left the USA and Soviet Union as two superpowers with distinct political and economic differences. An English author and journalist George Orwell coined the name “Cold War” in his essay, “You and the Atomic Bomb” published in the British newspaper Tribune on ...

Introduction

The Anglo-Americans and the Russians seem to be moving to attain the same goal – to hold in their hands the destinies and fate of half of the world (Alexis de Tocqueville). Many people begin their Cold War history with Tocqueville’s prophecy made about events that would take place over a century later. Like many forecasts Tocqueville made his by his projections of the past and the present and how they would meld into the future. It must be noted that at this time all Russia and the United States had going for them was continents that were rich in ...

‘Instructor’s name’

April26, 2013 Essay Films and poetry generally offer the viewer or the reader a trip into a fantasy world which serves as an escapade from the not –so-perfect reality. But certain Russian art works try to produce the opposite effect. They aim at bringing before the viewer’s eyes, the reality that was prevalent in the Soviet Union. They prove that the official picture of a happy and contended society, projected by the soviet government is a lie and brings before the viewers eyes, all the faults that are prevalent in the system and aims at bringing a social change. There are ...

Book Review: The Cold War by John Lewis Gaddis

Introduction

The eventual collapse of the agreement between the USSR, Britain and the United States in 1945 after the end of the World War II set the platform for the cold war. An anti-communist policy, commonly called the Truman doctrine, declared in 1947 by President Truman of the USA spoke clearly of the atmosphere that would prevail (Gaddis 30). The resulting tension between the communist and capitalist ideologies is what came to be known as the Cold War. Since it never resulted into armed confrontation or “blistering” conflict it was referred to as the cold war. Therefore the Cold ...

Cold War and Decolonization

After the end of World War II, the world somehow split into two halves and two large groups of countries were formed: the communist block and the western democratic-capitalist states. The first block was led by the Soviet Union, which developed its economy and military force that was equal to the one from the US. Another block was led by the United States of America and included other countries such as Great Britain and France, as well as the defeated post-fascism countries like Germany. The aim of this block was to enforce the necessary reforms in the world in ...

The Cold war period can be described as the duration during there was political and military tension between USA and the Soviet Union. The war was between the Eastern bloc and the Western Bloc. The Eastern bloc primarily consisted of the Soviet Union, which included countries like Russia. The Western bloc, on the other hand, comprised of The United States of America and the National Alliance Treaty Organization (NATO). There are twenty-eight NATO member states, which include France, Italy, Canada, Germany, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Portugal and Spain, just to mention a few(Kerkendall, 2010, p. 34). It is ...

A. Poland and the Cold War

Soviet troops occupied Poland at the end of World War II. Future elections in Poland were one of the subjects at the Yalta Conference in 1945. Josef Stalin was not enthusiastic about the prospect of free elections in Poland. Because of the violence committed by the Soviets against the Polish people during the war, there was a great deal of animosity between Russians and Poles. Stalin assumed that if Poles had their choice in free elections, they would not be voting in favor of the current communist administration in the Soviet Union. Poland and the Soviet Union had been at ...

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Causes of the Cold War (1947-1953)

Unlike the other forms of warfare, a cold war finds its basis in the acts of sabotaging societal set ups of a country’s enemy. There is no clear definition of the Cold War but in “The Cold War: Conflicts in Europe and Asia” Philips (2001) states that the, “The Cold War is the term given to the period of poor relations between East and west” (p.159).With regard to this, the Cold War found basis in the emerging enmity between the United States of America and the Soviet Union. Consequently, the effects of the cold war were felt ...

‘Instructor’s name’

The cold War Relations between the USA and the USSR were always defined by many complicated interwoven political and economic factors, and the relationship which was a cautious cooperation during the World War II transformed into a superpower rivalry after the war. The basic distinction that existed in the political systems of the countries created an environment, which did not aid in mutual understanding and for a period of almost four decades there was a high military tension between the two nations. This sustained tension between the two countries and their allies and the ensuing political scenario, was commonly denoted by the ...

- How successful were the programs of the New Deal in solving the problems of the Great Depression? Assess with respect to two of the following: Relief, Recovery, Reform. The Great Depression is a title of the economic depression in the world in the decade before the World War II. It was the longest and the deepest economic decline in 20th century. The Great Depression in the United States started in August, 1929, when economic recession was first observed in the country. The Wall Street Crash in 1929, the biggest stock market crash in the US history, signaled the ...

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Abstract

“The nuclear race” was called the confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States for supremacy in nuclear weapons during the Cold War. During the Cold War, and some other countries have been developing nuclear weapons, but no country has produced it on such a scale in which it was done, the two superpowers. The main feature of the Cold War was an arms race between the members of the Warsaw Pact and NATO. Despite its ruinous, it has led to significant scientific discoveries in many technological and military fields. Some of the ...

In 1961 W.R. Schilling published the article “The H-bomb Decision: How to Decide without Actually Choosing.” That was eleven years after the initial decision by President Harry Truman to explore the possibility of building a thermonuclear bomb. (Schilling 44) Schilling researched the decision to build a hydrogen bomb and concluded that the least that could be decided was decided was decided by Truman (24). His article explains the reasons he reached this conclusion. M. J. Sherwin (1973) published a different view twelve years after Schilling in an article titled “The Atomic Bomb and the Origins of the Cold War: U.S. Atomic-Energy Policy ...

Russia in the last years of the First World War was a cauldron waiting to explode on various fronts mostly due to the fact that Tsarist monarchy had left most of the country poor and in economic ruination. Large sections of the population, especially those who lived in the country were illiterate and desperately poor with serf like conditions still imposed on the vast majority of them (Perry 2007 pp 769-776). Political progress was also slow so the Revolution was simply a new way of applying the techniques developed in other countries to the Russian reality. This led to the ...

Chechen Terrorism in Russia

Religion, culture and politics have played a huge role in the terrorist attacks executed by Chechen rebels in Russia. The conflict instigated by Chechen rebels stem from the fact that Chechnya, the territory they claim, became part of the national territory of Russia due to historical circumstances. Long before Russia emancipated as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), Chechnya was part of an independent republic called the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. However, that nation did not last long, as the USSR occupied it and made it into a province called the Chechen Autonomous Oblast (Kramer, 2010). To quell strong ...

Analysis

The Hungary 1956 is considered an unprompted countrywide revolution that took place between 23 October and 10 November 1956. The text notes that the revolution was against the People’s Republic’s government in Hungary. The soviet- inflicted policies is another factor that led to the revolt. Based on this information, it is clear that the text presents the events in the way they occurred during this particular time. Compared to other texts, which address a similar matter, there is a great amount of consistency. This implies that the text addresses the matter in question in the best way as known ...

After the Germans lost to the Allies in World War II, the issue with what to do with the losing nation was one of the most complicated issues of the 1940s. Eventually coming up with the idea to occupy four separate zones of the country, the occupation was considered to merely be a stopgap until Germany was allowed to reconstruct and could reunite successfully. However, the eventual creation of East and West Germany dashed those hopes for reunification for the entirety of the Cold War. Various factors contributed to the failure of occupying powers to agree upon exactly how to ...

On September 1, 1939, Nazi Germany, dreaming of the world domination and revenge for the defeat in the First World War, launched military operations against Poland. Since the Second World War, it was the largest military clash of the century. On the eve of these events, the USSR and Germany signed treaties on non-aggression and friendship. There existed also secret protocols, which involved information about the division of spheres of influence between the two countries, the contents of which became known to the public only after four decades. Signed documents promised benefits to both parties. Germany would secure ...

- Introduction The Korean Peninsula can be considered as a region that can rival China and Japan in terms of its culture, tradition and history. Its geographic location makes it an ideal place for commerce and a clear access to the Chinese and Russian regions. However, the once powerful and united region had been tormented by constant conflict and strife that had successfully divided the Peninsula into two separate states in the Second World War. Studies have emphasized that there is more to the war that meets the eye and as the war continues to ravage the Peninsula, it is ...

Sheila Fitzpatrick was one of the most prominent social historians of the epoch of Stalinism and Soviet Union. The author began to write from the cultural prospect and all her sociological researches relate to the topic of a culture. The issue of the Russian Revolution had a great resonance in the world and influenced many historical processes in the world. The investigation of its main factors was central to Fitzpatrick in her scientific research. Sheila Fitzpatrick asks the question: “When does the Russian revolution end?” (2). Finding the answer on this question is the main argument of the book. The ...

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Abstract This essay broadly narrates the incidents post World War 2 leading up to the Cold War, how United States of America responded to the events of Cold War and the domestic developments in the United States of America during Cold War years. Post the Second World War; the cold war in the following decades can be summarized as the fight between democratic forces of the United States of America and the communist forces of Russia to establish Global supremacy in all spheres of life including governance, military and technology. On the February 4th, 1945 with ...

The original of Russian organized crimes was in the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries where exiling of Siberian peasants led to the rise of a group of underworld professional criminals. The prisoners formed the “thieves-in-law” jailed for being “enemies of the Soviet system.” The imprisonment led to struggle for power between different criminals groups Russian Mafia were however legal and were supported by the governments. They could legally conduct business and even invest in companies. In America, organized crime groups originated from desperate poor people mainly immigrants who resided in crowded slums grouped together by their ethnic backgrounds (WRIGHT, ...

<Student’s name> The "Father" of the Soviet atomic bomb Academician Igor Kurchatov was born January 12, 1903 in Ufa province Simskaya Plant (now - Sim City in the Chelyabinsk region). It is called one of the founders of the use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. Graduated with honors from the Simferopol gymnasium and evening craft school in September 1920, Kurchatov entered the Physics and Mathematics of the University of Tauride. Three years later he graduated early from high school success. In 1930 Kurchatov headed the Physics Department of the Leningrad Physico -Technical Institute. Work ...

In 1947, George F. Kennan, an analyst with the State Department, wrote an essay about the Soviet Union that took fear of this new country into the basis for American foreign policy. The Soviet Union had only existed as a country since 1919, as the Communist Revolution took the old tsarist regime down at the end of World War I. The struggle for leadership was a bloody one, as the idealistic visions of Lenin and Trotsky fell to the greedily pragmatic ones of Stalin. The fact that Stalin allied himself with both Hitler and, later, the Allies, was a sign that he ...

America as a country has a very rich history of people who dreamt of achieving great things, then woke up to accomplish them and in so doing changed America and the world for good. Many of their accomplishments outlived them and even got better with time. Margaret Sanger is one of those polarizing significant Americans’ who is either seen as a heroine or a nuisance depending on who you speak with. Today, women see birth control as an opportunity to be smart with her body in making the right choices. However the story was different just a century ago when it was not strange ...

Throughout Second World War, the Soviet Union as well as the United States fought jointly as allies versus the Axis powers. Nevertheless, the association between these countries turned into a tense one. For a long time, the Americans had been cautious of communism of the Soviet Union and worried about the leader of Russia Joseph Stalin’s oppressive, blood-thirsty rule of his own nation. The Soviets, on their side, disliked the Americans’ many years’ refusal to regard the USSR as a lawful international community’s component as well as their held up entry into the Second World War that led to killing ...

Part A. In 1917, several revolutions took place in Russia which upended the monarchy of the Tsars and ended with the establishment of the Russian SFSR. The last Russian Tsar was compelled to abdicate in February 1917; at that time, a provisional government was established. A second revolution followed in October, at which time the provisional government was ousted, and the Communist government took its place. Between February and October, there was considerable conflict between the Communists (Bolsheviks) and the provisional government; at the point when the provisional government opted to keep fighting the Great War against Germany, the Bolsheviks ...

The Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviet Union was already in the making long before the Truman Doctrine was announced in the spring of 1947, and in fact dated back to the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. During that period, the U.S. and other Allied nations sent troops to support the anti-Communist Whites against the Reds, and then refused any diplomatic recognition of the Soviet Union until 1934. Even the policy of containment was not new since during the 1920s and 1930s the Western powers attempted to create what they called a ‘cordon sanitaire’ around Communist Russia. Britain, the ...

Introduction

After the Russian revolution in early the 20th century, the country was able to get lead of more than three-century dynastic rule. A new Russia was born when Joseph Stalin came into power in the 1920s. Stalin was able to motivate the masses to work together for a better tomorrow. As indicated in the countries motto during that time a central approach to industrialization was highly supported. The motto of the country “workers of all countries unite” encouraged workers from different areas of the world to unite and embrace Marxism (xv).

The soviet society:

Manufacturing plants were being built bigger than anywhere else was ...

The cold war referred to the progressive state of military and political tension between the western World spear headed by America and its NATO allies and the Communist world led by Soviet Union and its allies. The cold war so named because it never featured any direct military action. However, they both threatened each other with nuclear attack and both fully participated in proxy wars through supporting the so called allied nations.

The origins of the cold war began with uncertainty and mistrust between the West and the Eastern blocks countries in Europe. The objective of the Russians was ...

The specific reasons that can clearly explain events that triggered the cold war cannot be determined conclusively. The world war two victories of United States and their longtime allies known as the Soviet Union showed an excellent relationship between the two (Gaddis,30) . They worked collectively in terms of military and political strengths which made them winners. However, around nineteen forty three, signs of a war between these two allies started to become evident. Also, a question of who was responsible for the war is relevant since the Soviet Union viewed America’s release of atomic bombs as sign of ...

Introduction

The Cold War became a dominant issue in the field of international relations for almost half of the twentieth century, that is, from 1945 to 1991 (Painter 1). It was characterized by a high degree of tension between the Soviet Union and the United States; the conflict and competition in the Third World, the world’s division into economic spheres; the polarization of international and domestic politics; and a dangerous and costly arms race.

Although historians are quite divided on what or who caused the Cold War – on one hand, they say the Soviets caused it and on the other, they say ...

There is an immense difference between ideological theories and their practical implementations. Often, even the most brilliant ideas become complete failures. So was the case with communism and national approaches to its implementation. Depending on country’s specifics and initial people’s needs, communism had various interpretations from “the human face socialism” in Tito’s Yugoslavia to Cultural Revolution in Mao’s China. The topic of the present essay is the analysis of whether some communist theories and their institutional embodiments were somehow successful. The central thesis is that both communist theory and practice had some initial positive results, ...