Essays on Melt

Question #1: Graphical illustration of energy changes during the formation of the nucleus in homogeneous solidification phenomenon.

The solidification phenomenon of a metal starts with the formation of nuclei in a liquid melt, the nuclei forms a stable nuclei in the same melt, and finally formation of the solidified structure of grained crystals. The structure is illustrated in the following diagrams. Figure 1. Solidification process

Question #2: Comparison between homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation

In the homogenous nucleation, the nuclei are synthesized from metal solidifying atoms. In heterogeneous nucleation, the nucleating agents are the impurity atoms as well as the container surfaces

Question #3: Production of large silicon single crystals

The large silicon single crystals are generated by the use of pure silicon seed crystals in a silicon melt in the Czochralski process.

Question #4: What are a metal alloy and solid solution?

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Abstract

A sandstorm is characterized as one that whips up extraordinary loads of sand into the air, forming a dense cloud above the ground in the process. While most of the sand will rise higher than 50 cm, some sand particles can even ascend to the height of 2 meters. According to Wikipedia, the average diameter of the particles carried by such dust storm winds will vary between 0.15 and 0.30 mm. Wind speeds such during sandstorms have been recorded at up to 16 km per hour and more, while most storms continue to blow for between three hours to ...

Abstract

The impact of salt on melting of ice can be described as utilizing atomic progression recreations. The harmony the point of solidification melancholy saw in the recreations is in great concurrence with trial information. The dynamic parts of liquefying are examined as far as the trading of water atoms amongst ice and the fluid stage (Brique, 1967). The ice/fluid harmony is a profoundly dynamic procedure with the incessant trade of water particles amongst ice and the fluid stage. The parity is irritated when ice dissolves and the softening continues in two phases; the restraint of the relationship of water ...

Option A Observation: During the winter, you spread salt daily on your driveway to melt the snow. In the springtime, when the lawn begins to grow, you notice that there is no grass growing for about 3 inches from the driveway. Furthermore, the grass seems to be growing more slowly up to about 1 foot from the driveway. Question: Might grass growth be inhibited by salt?

Introduction

Plants show normal growth when suitable growth factors and soil conditions are available (Kadlec & Knight, 1996, p. 691). Grass, being a plant, is expected to grow well when suitable conditions are present. Grass ...

(Dali Web) (Lipton Web) Modern advertisements often take over the ideas from the higher art and fulfill it in order to advertise their product. The very famous tea company Lipton had borrowed Salvador Dali’s idea of melting clock. While looking at these pictures it is hard not to mention how much they are alike. The visual effect both of Lipton advertisement and Salvador Dali’s artwork “The Persistence of Memory” use the similar effect of melting. On the Lipton advertisement we can see a popular teabag lying on the cliff and melting. It is hard not to notice ...

Gold was the first metals to be mined and is held with great value. It plays a major role in the global economy and has caused wars, myths and mass migrations. This was the case for California when the first traces of gold were discovered in California. Isolation, struggles and alcohol led to the numerous incidences of violence such as homicides and lynching among other violent crimes. The fortune seekers had to endure miserable conditions for shelter and pay exorbitant prices for supplies. California is an example of a ghost of the many gold rush cities in history. The ...

Salvador Dali (1904-198) was a Spanish artist considered to be the icon of the Surrealist movement. Probably the most universally famous and highly regarded of the artists of the twentieth century, Salvador Dali was born in the town of Figueres, in Catalonia, Spain where his father held the position of notary public. Although well known as a painter of the Surrealist Movement, he was also a gifted photographer and film maker. As a child, Dali was encouraged in his art by his family and in particular a friend of his father’s, a lawyer named Pepito Pichot, whose brother ...

Literature Review

Abstract Innovations and modifications that produce cost reductions and enhance performance have driven the evolution of the classic solid rocket and the liquid bipropellant rocket into hybrid models that integrate the predominant solid and liquid model features into more sensical, more economical fabrications of design. The commercial spacecraft demands for aerospace propulsion have also evolved to include a market for environmentally sustainable hybrid rocket engines that has yet to fully mature to the Technology Readiness Level (TRL). Numerical modeling has been used as a tool to test the feasibility of new solid fuel types. ABS has been considered as ...

A printer is a machine that creates readable representations of graphics and text on paper or equally similar media. Two common types of printers are the black and white printers and color inkjet printers. The printer life cycle starts when various raw materials are extracted to manufacture the device. The hardware of the instrument and its cartridges involve both physical and chemical processes whereby the cartridges require some micro-engineering and plastic mixing. Material extraction has both positive and negative impact to the government. For instance, the governments of printer manufacturing countries are much aware of effects caused by the ...

The documentary film "Chasing Ice" is an award winning documentary about the unprecedented depletion and melting of ice mass and glaciers due to climate change. The documentary features the incredible video-graphing project headed by James Balog together with the Extreme Ice Survey. In this documentary, the viewers would be appalled by the truth behind ice calving and the melting of the ice, and how fast they melt due to global warming. As one of the viewers, I was stunned by the documentary, specifically because the documentary showed how quickly the ice are melting. In about a short period of ...

The heat was intense. The orange light shone on the desert, drying up the remaining puddles of water into vapour, rising into the atmosphere. A lizard crawled slowly, almost dying, parched and with a hide so leather like, one would think it was crisp fried. Slowly, I heard the intense ringing of the siren. Waaang waaaang waaang. It was time to get inside our shelters. The shelters were not made of concrete. Unlike the olden days, concrete was the material of choice. All buildings were once made from stone, from cement mixed with water to form hard solid blocks. ...

Introduction

In the winter prevalent nation, skiing is a sport as well as a leisure activity for many. This activity is favored by the snowy conditions, in particular on the continent of the extremes of the tropics. According to (SkiCanada.org, 2013), skiing is a sport that takes place by sliding down the snow covered mountains using fixed metallic rods to facilitate sliding. However, with the rapidly changing climate, the world is paying the price of the global warming. This, therefore, poses a challenge to the ancient skiing activities as the amount of snow keeps on decreasing at alarming rates. The ...

Amongst the biggest problems that are being recognized is the phenomenon of global warming. This is an alarming issue for the environmentalists as they believe that the sustainability, worse yet, the livability of the planet is at stake because of it. Because of the economic and industrial conditions of the planet, the climate of the earth is changing rapidly. The average temperatures that are being measured are increasing very quickly, and it is feared that in a short period of time, the temperature of the planet will rise higher than what is comfortable (Root). The problem of rising temperatures ...

Melt spinning refers to a method that is used to cool liquids in a rapid manner. The method involves the internal cooling of a wheel using liquid nitrogen or water. The wheel is then rotated as it cools. A liquid is streamed onto the cooling wheel, and that causes it to solidify rapidly. Melt Spinning is used in the development of objects that demand high cooling rates for them to form. A good example of such material is metallic glass. Polymers that can undergo melting use the melt spinning technique (NPTEL, 2010). Examples of such polymers include polyester; sulfur; ...

Article “Antarctic ice may melt more quickly than expected”

The first article published on CBC news describes the problem of melting of the glaciers in Antarctic. According to the article, it is expected that the sea level would rise by 46 to 86 centimetres by the year of 2100, which is much more that it had been expected before. The scientists identified that the main reasons of this are warmer air, less frigid water and gravity. Moreover, the forecasts also predict that by 2500 the seas might become 13 metres higher, which will be caused only by ice melting. However, as scientists believe, the rise of the sea ...

Abstract

Figure skaters graciously glide over ice and perform intricate aerobatics, speed skaters achieve incredible velocities over ice, and thousands of persons each year stumble in ice as they first try out this practice for leisure. This paper reviews the scientific concepts and laws that make ice skating possible, as well as the factors that influence performance and ice skates design.

Introduction

Ice skating, gliding along an ice surface using keel-like runners known as ice skates [1], is a sport practiced by many solely for recreational purposes, while others engage in it as an inherent part of other sports, such as ...

Introduction

Freezing temperatures during winter months greatly contributes to hazardous conditions on American roadways. According to the Salt Institute (2012) 70% of roadways in the United States experience congestion due to winter weather. Icy roadways greatly contribute to hazardous winter conditions and can increase the chances of personal injury or accidental death for motorists. Currently, across the nation, icy roadways are addressed with the application of sodium chloride (salt) to deice icy roadways and to prevent the formation of ice on dry roadways.

The mechanism by which salt causes ice to melt and prevents ice from forming has been ...

Metal handling is very significant for engineering processes. Metals possess unique properties that make them useful in engineering processes. As a result of these properties, metals are used in various construction processes such as building of bridges, houses, automobiles, machines and various kinds of structures. There are basics need to performed before processes as metals have to be joined, cut or even bent. This brings in a number of engineering practices as soldering, brazing, welding and even cutting. Plasma cutters leveraging high end technologies are used in cutting metals and joints can be joined using soldering, brazing or welding. Soldering, brazing ...

According to Caleb Kelly, there has been an increased interest and development of the theory in culture as it relates to sound. In support of the notion above, the author purports that, Les Back and Michael Bull emphasizes that the human experience of our daily lives is predominantly meditated by a mass of mechanically generated sounds. In concurrence with the above, the author argues that cities in the modern day are noisier than they were before the sound culture evolved. Kelly in his arguments establishes that sound has gained a foothold in our understanding of art subsequent to the many large-scale ...

Solid dispersion can be defined as a cluster of solid creations made up of at least two distinguished components one being a hydrophobic drug and the other a hydrophilic matrix which can take any form depending on the crystalline or amorphous nature of the solids used (see figure 1). In the context of pharmaceuticals, this technology was developed to help improve the solubility and bioavailability of oral drugs. Studies have indicated that a score of patients prefers oral drugs for their simplicity in administration hence they show more compliance in comparison to other types of drugs administered in different ways. However, the functionality ...

Abstract

The influence of music on our personality and moods has never been denied. We have always had music around us and like to listen to our favorites. Whether it is classical music, new age music or music of any genre, it is known to be a powerful mood lifter and melt those blues away. Different studies have been done on various aspects of music and how it can influence our moods. The purpose of the essay is to look at a study on the stress beating techniques followed by students and compare the results.

Introduction

Music has been around for hundreds of ...

Abstract

The fugacity is a term that has Latin origins, referring to pace and speed. Early work somewhere in the 20th century, on fugacity, demonstrated that chemical equilibrium is established by the free energies of reacting material. Since then, various approaches and concepts on fugacity have been provided. The gas fugacity of noble gasses has been studied, and models have been proposed for calculating the solubility of noble gasses. The development of various models has considered pressure effects, differential equilibrium between components and temperature changes. The paper discusses the evolution of various multimedia fugacity models and the fugacity of pure ...

Iron

Iron as a chemical element is referred to by the symbol Fe and has an atomic number 26 on the periodic table. Iron is a metal in the first transition series and is the most abundant element on the outer and inner surface of the earth.

Iron was discovered in 2000 BCE when it replaced bronze in manufacture of tools and weapons and ushered in the Iron Age. Iron was first used in South-Central and South-West Asia. Iron was picked over bronze because when it is blended with carbon, it becomes harder and durable. Iron can also hold a sharp edge better ...

1.1 Introduction In typical industrial applications, the machines and equipment involved require high electrical ratings, like high voltages and high currents. Different machineries have varying voltage and current ratings. These ratings should be followed in order that the equipment operates properly whenever needed. However, undesirable conditions, like voltages and currents above the prescribed ratings (usually called as faults), are not totally unavoidable. In these conditions, damages on the machinery might occur which can cause production issues and problems, and may even be hazardous to humans. These conditions can be avoided by integrating protective circuitry within the electrical systems. ...

Introduction

Monetary theory focuses on the functions, uses and management of money. The approaches to money go back as far as Plato and Aristotle. Aristotle focused primarily on money as a medium of exchange but later stated that money needed to be something with intrinsic value. He suggested that money should be something metallic and rare. As a result, Aristotle may be classified as a “metallist.” Plato’s conceptions of money differed from Aristotle’s because he introduced a credit component in the monetary theory. Schumpeter, a monetary historian, classifies Plato as a “Cartalist.” Karl Marx had strong conceptions on theories of money. He considered his theory ...

The economic meltdown in the US was, as a result, of the housing bubble burst that brought about a massive economic recession in the US. The film, Inside the Melt Down, depicts a series of large American corporations going bankrupt and their shares dropping down drastically due to the economic recession. For example, Bear Stearns is a one of the multinational investment company that took an economic downturn in that its shares dropped from $171 to only $57 in a single day. Given that the media aired out their concerns regarding the economic drift of the corporation, most investors withdrew from Bear Stearns. Despite ...

A Call to Action

Throughout its history, the Earth has experienced drastic fluctuations in its average surface temperature, with multiple ice ages and periods of natural global warming. However, in recent years, the rate at which the global temperature has increased is unparalleled and cause for concern. The effects and predicted effects of this major and relatively rapid global warming are varied and extensive. Global warming has likely been and will continue to wreak havoc on sea levels, weather patterns, human health, buildings and communities, agriculture and other components of life on Earth as we know it, making global warming the most important ...

Environmental Studies

The term Global warming is used to illustrate a gradual rise in the average temperature of atmosphere and oceans of the earth. Aykut Emre Bozdogan has considered global warming as a change, which is undyingly modifying the climate of Earth 1. Global warming is affecting and will continue to affect lives. The present scorching and burning weather us not merely the nature’s act, neither the progressively volatile and unpredictable weather that is causing havoc in several parts of the world around the globe. The human beings are the cause of global warming and as a result all the living beings are ...

English 100

“One tricky question is whether the overall accelerated melting of the ice sheets can be linked to man-made climate change” . This is one of the controversial issues that Naik tried to address in his article entitled “Polar Ice Sheets Melt Faster” published online in The Wall Street Journal. The apparent participation of humans as contributory for the eroding glacial ice was likewise evaluated in greater depth by Revkin in his article entitled “A Message in Eroding Glacial Ice: Humans Are Turning Up the Heat” published in The New York Times. The current discourse hereby aims to present a comparative analysis ...

A reality that has been always considered a hoax by many as they believe global warming is because of the changing nature of the Universe and how the planet rotates. Global Warming is real because while it could be naturally influenced, the concentrations of the greenhouse effect emmissions causes the rays of the Sun to remain on earth, further influencing climate. The dispute that rages over this issue is unresolved because “experts” have shown “proofs” (for and against) based on scientific data. Supporters of the non-existence of Global Warming, basically offer the arguments as that the climate has changed ...

According to Warrick (1993), global warming is the main contributor to the rise in global sea level since the Industrial Revolution. Human activities such as burning coal and oil and cutting down tropical forests increase atmospheric concentrations of heat-trapping gases. The three main factors leading to the rise in sea levels include: thermal expansion, ice loss from Greenland and West Antarctica and melting of glaciers and polar ice caps. Land ice, that is, glaciers, ice caps, and ice sheets, stores nearly two-thirds of the world’s freshwater and is shrinking in response to higher temperatures. Glaciers partially melt ...

Question 1

Global warming has been a phenomenon that has dominated world news and concerns since the late 19th century. It has been discussed and strategized over in some of the top summits and seminars by prominent world leaders and scientists alike. But what is global warming? Global warming is widely defined as the rise in earth’s average atmospheric temperature gradually due to the increase in the amount of greenhouse gases (CFCs, carbon dioxide and other pollutants). These greenhouse gases absorb, redirect and discharge infrared radiation which eats up the earth. The validity of the existence of global warming is evident ...

The world of the 21st century has changed significantly from the way it looked back In the 19-20th centuries. Technological progress has brought a lot of useful things that made our lives much more easier. To start with electricity: It became available to the public in 1930s but the industrial part of the society started to use it even earlier. From that moment we became dependent on it. All electronic devices are connected with it directly. Unfortunately, with all the gain we gat from new technologies there is negative influence on us, environment as well. The main problem that ...

Introduction

Climate change is one of the global issues facing the world in the 21st century. Today, climate change has ceased to be a scientific curiosity as its effects are now being felt all over the world. Global warming is one of the results of climate change. But what is global warming?. Global warming can be defined as the warming near the earth's surface resulting from the earth's atmosphere trapping the sun's heat causing the earth to get warmer. Studies have shown that the changes are small, so far, but they are projected to speed up and grow with time. Scientists ...

Abstract

Global sea levels have fluctuated during the earth’s long history, falling during the ice ages and rising during periods of global warming. The most recent ice age occurred more than 10,000 years ago. Over the last few decades, we have experienced global warming, which has been aggravated by the effects of global warming resulting into excess gases that trap heat in the atmosphere. Records on rise in sea level for the last 100 years indicate an average rise of one to two inches every 25 years and the figure is increasing. The rising sea level will have ...

Writing Proposal

Global warming and the effects of pollution is a topic that has been widely researched on by environmentalists. There is a lot of literature on the topic written by different scholars. Working committees from international bodies like the United Nations have also come up with reports detailing the intricacies of global warming and ways of dealing with the issue. In tackling the topic of global warming and the effects of pollution on glaciers, I outline the effects of global warming and air pollution on the environment.

In discussing the effects, I will measures currently in place to mitigate the effects of ...

1. Introduction Nano is derived from the Greek word, Nanos, meaning extremely small. Nanotechnology, as the name indicates, is the science and technology of preparation, characterization and application of matter in the size range of a billionth of a meter (1 x 10-9). Nanotechnology can be used to manipulate atoms and molecules, creating new materials and machines with greatly improved qualities as compared to those of their precursor materials. This is achieved by constructing layers of atoms or molecules through various fabrication methods such as solution processing, melt processing, in-situ deposition etc. In addition to functioning as nano-scale devices, nanoparticles ...

Environmental Issue

Climate Changes and Ozone Depletion

The weather is changing but where and when is very unpredictable. Sometimes it is changing in slow ways but sometimes weather events are very extreme and dangerous. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2001 reported on the “probability of the world being three degrees Celsius hotter by the end of the century and of a distinct possibility of it being almost six degrees hotter” (Lovelock, 2008, p. vii). This is a very scary prediction Ozone depletion is a different type of problem although Henson (2008) has said that the ozone depletion problem does have some ...

Introduction

In the recent past, many scientists have provided evidence on how global warming that result from greenhouse gases may adversely affect the arctic regions (including tundra biome). These scientists argue that the excess abundant of greenhouse gases will cause global warming of the earth's climate in the near future. This global rise in temperature is more likely to damage the Antarctic and Arctic biome that than all other biome. This is because global warming is expected to shorten arctic tundra's winters and melt snow that covers permafrost. As a result of this, there will be flooding in many coastal areas. ...

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Special designs have been made to suit various sports. This is important as it plays an important role in sports performance. Companies have resorted to good quality textile materials to design sportswear clothing. Sportsmen should wear comfortable costumes for them to perform well in their competition. When designing sportswear, the market has to be identified first. That is the design to be used, the materials required and footwear. The fabrics available should also be identified. The comfort of the wearer is also considered as this affects performance.

History of polymers

Polymers have been used for centuries to manufacture plastics. Due to advance ...

Dependence Of Man On The Environment

Energy is the most essential resource in the day to day endeavors of mankind. It is an inevitable resource and has been utilized by man since the inception of the earth. During all that time, there have been quite number of modes of production of energy; some of which have detrimental effects to the environment and the people at large. The analysis of these effects has indicated that drastic measures have to be taken in order to save the environment lest the future becomes at a risk of inexistence. As important as energy is, it is quiet unfortunate that ...

“A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning” was written by John Donne, who was born in 1572 in a Roman Catholic family, in London. He studied both law and theology and was known as the founder of Metaphysical Poetry, which includes details and comparisons beyond the physical realm. Abstract comparisons are made to a physical or tangible object. Donne’s imagery therefore is eclectic and startling, and we see marks of the metaphysical conceit throughout the poem when the two souls (of his beloved’s and his) are compared to the two feet of a compass, united in the center. The poem was written roughly ...

Disturbing trends in the climatic condition of the Arctic led to scientists researching this area. Upon close scrutiny the fascinating greening of the Arctic has been observed. From the space, using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which is an index of vegetation greenness, the circumpolar changes in the tundra vegetation are observed. The NDVI records of the last 29 years were gathered and the Maximum NDVI was derived. According to studies the MaxNDVI was usually observed in August due to many factors such as CO2 fluxes, above-ground biomass, total eco-system production etc. Many other biophysical properties also cause the ...

How does the snowflake in Chapter 29 explain the spiritual course that Ka’s life takes?

In Chapter 41 Orhan explains to the reader that Ka decided that “snowflakes have much more in common with people” (371) and that “individual existences might look identical from afar, but to understand one’s own eternally mysterious uniqueness one had only to plot the mysteries of one’s own snowflake.” (378) Ka has only begun to do this in order to re-create his lost fortieth poem – believing that if he plots all the other poems from his new collection on the snowflake of his life, he will be reminded the final, missing snowflake, in a way this action reflects ...

Some current Proposed policies

When trying to solve this aspect of the environment, there are two issues that are being tackled, there is the environment and the policy that can be implemented to safeguard it. The environment is understood as the ecosystem. Most of the policies that have been enacted are to address issues that are affecting the ecosystem negatively. Some of the environmental policies that have been proposed include: The incorporation of environmental principles into decision making processes by bearing in mind the environmental consequences of their proposed actions and the possible alternatives that might replace those actions that have been ...