Essays on Absolutism

A Consequentialist is someone who believes that an action is only wrong or right depending on the nature of outcomes of the action. When consequences of the action are morally acceptable to the society, it means that the action is right thus; a person committing the action is has upright morals. On the contrary, an action is wrong when the consequences are ethically negative, and the person responsible for the action is deemed wrong. For instance, the case a driver preferring to kill one person crossing a road to save lives of many passengers on board could be argued Continue reading...

People propose moral relativism on psychological grounds. The psychological reasons include psychological conclusions while subjective personal motives normally form powerful moral relativism sources as compared to the logical considerations. People consider moral relativism as objective logical arguments. The main motive for relativism is people’s deep desire to achieve happiness. In addition, fears correspond to the fundamental desires within. It is rather probable that such fear for moral absolutism makes people unhappy through making them feel even guiltier. For this reason, moral absolutism becomes unloving and uncompassionate. This good morality component has positive consequences while bad morality bears negative Continue reading...

Before Alexis de Tocqueville wrote the book “Democracy in America,” the problem of “tyranny of the majority” had hit the American society in such a way that the majority enjoyed the sovereignty of the minority. It was until after the French revolution that most scholars such as John Stuart Mill and Tocqueville opted to devise mechanisms through which they would adopt in reducing and preventing the sustainability of the vice. This is because the minority groups from various religion and races had become slaves in such a way that they could not influence any problem solving or decision-making process Continue reading...

The possibility of a “tyranny of the majority” is emphasized in the de Tocqueville reading and also in Madison’s Federalist Paper #10. When comparing and contrasting both author’s thoughts on tyranny of the majority, you come across de Tocqueville’s feelings towards a democracy and Madison’s feelings towards a democracy too, both authors seem to follow the same goals but instinctively it really falls on the author that feels the majority is overbearing. De Tocqueville felt that a society that was comprised of equal citizens shouldn’t just depend on the majority being right, since they Continue reading...

Philosophy

Interpretation involves more than just representing information. It is a process of communication that intends to reveal in depth meanings to the information. It is a communication tactic whereby data gets translated from a technical language to an easily understandable language. Interpretation requires one to be interactive with the audience and begins by passing information that will raise their curiosity to know more. Understanding how they learn things will help in interpreting to them in such a way that they will hardly forget. According to Veverka, in his paper concerning interpretation, people will appreciate interpretation more if it communicates Continue reading...

In the 2008 film Die Welle (The Wave) directed by Dennis Gansel and produced by Rat Pack Film and Christian Becker, high school teacher Rainer Wenger (portrayed by Jürgen Vogel) challenged his students about the possibility of an authoritarian government in modern Germany. To prove its possibility, he provoked his students to being his blind Nazi followers while he plays as the dictator "Herr Wenger". It was an experiential experiment gone astray but a subtle and touching revelation on the transcendence of fascism in contemporary time.
For Rainer, it started as an innocent class strategy in teaching Autocracy Continue reading...

Introduction

Tyranny of majority is a phrase used by Alexis de Tocqueville in the book Democracy in America. Tocqueville used this phrase to imply a situation where the majority uses their influence to victimize or oppress the minority. Tyranny of majority presents a scenario where if the majority influences all matters in the society then the rights of the individuals and the minority will be vulnerable. Tocqueville argues that, tyranny of majority is comparable to a modified form of dictatorship where the majority oppresses the minority. It is a dangerous system of democracy and should be discouraged to avoid manipulation Continue reading...

The statement “Democracy is the best form of government for all the world’s inhabitants” may sound good as a theory but in reality there are many complications standing on the way of a country fully run by democracy. Theoretically democracy is a political system in which common people have the right to choose their government through fair elections. People have sovereign power and they can decide who would represent them in the parliament and who would be their leaders in national and state level. Democracy is of three types - participatory, direct or referendums and representative. Many countries Continue reading...

In absolutism, the sovereign power of a certain country or state rests in the hands of a monarch, a king or a queen, the “claims to rule by divine right” (Spielvogel 427). In the 16th century, absolutist states are ruled by kings. In an absolutist society, the king is sovereign and all powerful and they are answer only to one other entity which is God.
In the 16th to 17th century, citizens in Europe have already some idea what the state and being a citizen means. The state is seen as a political body where citizens are subject to Continue reading...

Thomas Ertman identified four types of territorial states in early modern Europe, all of which faced significant strains, challenges from below and demands for change that finally culminated in the French Revolution of 1789. Even Britain, which had already experienced two revolutions in the 17th Century that overthrow the absolutist monarchy and established the principle of parliamentary supremacy, underwent significant strains and conflicts at that time, with demands for greater democracy in political and economic life. Britain’s bureaucratic constitutionalism, which had replaced the absolute Tudor and Stuart monarchies, managed to weather the storm more or less intact (Ertman Continue reading...

Abstract

In the framework of the modern merge between philosophy and economic theory, two opposite theories of socio-economic development of human civilization are of specific interest. The first concept theory is Mill’s perception of the liberalism and its further contribution to formation of free market system. The second one is classical Marx’s theory of socialism, which should save humanity from social stratification and anarchy of the free market. In order to understand the correlation between those two concepts and realize what might be wrong about liberty, Mill’s work “On Liberty” will be analyzed from the perspective of Continue reading...

Philosophy

Empiricism vs. Absolutism
William James and Charles Sanders Peirce are both credited for their philosophical conceptualization of “pragmatism” in the late 19th century. (Point 304) Charles Peirce was hailed the “father of pragmatism” (“Pragmatism”) as he initiated the idea, while James propagated it (Point 304). Though the two philosophical fathers differ in the scope of their definition of pragmatism (Point 304), both agree that pragmatism is the philosophy that the truth is proven by practical means, to say in the simplest amd, perhaps, inadequate words. It is a breath of fresh air from philosophical ideas of pursuing the truth Continue reading...

Introduction

“Animal Farm” was written by George Orwell. It is a satire and political literature. The original title of the novel is “Animal Farm: A Fairy Story” that proves it as a fable written with a purpose. However, the author did a wonderful attempt to present the political crisis and tyrannical government through a story of animals in a farm. It is a dystopian and allegorical novel. Orwell’s intention is to reflect Russian Revolution and reign of Stalin in Soviet Union. The novel is about the life of animals in a farm. They wanted to rebel and save themselves Continue reading...

Through different methods of justification, we can reach conclusions in ethics that are as well-supported as those provided in mathematics.' To what extent would you agree?
As the question indicates, the two areas of knowledge, mathematics and ethics, should be considered and revised thoroughly. Firstly, I would like to define the key words which are going to be analyzed in this essay. Mathematics can be defined as the abstract science of number, quantity and space. This definition of mathematics is quite clear. However, the definition for ethics is much more complex. As the word 'ethics' comes from Greek, it Continue reading...

1. It has been argued that it is "irrational" to vote and "irrational" to become informed about politics. Explain fully how these conclusions are derived. What factors, e.g., political factors or behavior, promote voting and/or reduce the costs of voting and getting informed? Use concrete examples to explain if, why and how people become informed about politics and vote.
There have been several arguments about voting and some people have argued out that it is unreasonable to vote and become informed about politics. Such arguments are based on the nature of politics and the occurrences of events in the Continue reading...

Settling a peaceful life in a tempestuous place is possible or not?

Settling a peaceful life in a tempestuous place is possible or not?
Inner realization and solace is a component aspired by every individual of present times. The very search is the objective of my present state in life. I searched books and scholarly reading of poetry and religious scripts. The vision of realization was obvious but the essence of sensation in person was distant away. The very thought when searched in readings illusify verified opinions. However, the approach to attain the state of solace and self realization in my opinion can be consolidated in the theory illustrated below;
Spiritual Continue reading...

Introduction

Plato in his work The Republic dialogues with other great thinkers of his era in an endeavor to develop a perfect governance system. In the dialogue, various elements of the government become prominent. The key elements are justice and leadership of the city. The dialogue seeks debate on and develops a system of governance or a city where there are minimal disputes and perfect leadership. The main argument in the platonic dialogue is that the other governments that Plato approached with varying scorn were ineffective in running a state; on their stead, Plato proposed his version on a republic. Continue reading...

The Ox-Bow Incident is an American western movie directed in 1943 by William Wellman and based on the novel by Walter van Tilburg Clark. The movie became a classic due to its original storyline different from the usual western movie plots. The movie is nowadays considered a movie classic due to its historical value and the importance of the message it delivers. Usually, the theme of the westerns revolved around morality and justice enforced or restored by a single character, classically a cowboy. The theme of The Ox-Bow Incident, however, is a tragic one, as not only the injustice Continue reading...

- Introduction: The Second Amendment is crucial to the very nature of American democracy.
- First point: The framers of the constitution wrote the constitution under the assumption that the most important governing document would not let government pass restrictions that would prevent free citizens from owning a firearm.
- Second Point: Media coverage is often slanted on the issue, with different media fighting with each other instead of offering objective viewpoints on the issue.
- Third Point: Self-defense, stopping government tyranny, protecting from foreign invasions are three reasons why the government should not pass laws infringing about the Continue reading...

Introduction

Politics has its different faces and its presence is felt even in the mainstream media. There are popular songs of our time that conveys political insights that are often concealed by the catchy melodies, unless the lyrics are closely scrutinized. Songs such as “Imagine” by John Lennon and “Redemption Song” by Bob Marley are two examples of politically inspired music. Although both songs are different in genres, one is of reggae while the other one is more of a rock ballad., but their context is the same. The political elements incorporated in the songs of the two great artists Continue reading...

Leadership can be perceived as the process through which an individual influences the fashion in which a group of persons is carrying out a specific task. The individual who is central to this process is known as a leader. There is a broad range of traits which a leader should bear for him or her to be effective in leadership. For the purposes of this paper, this discussion shall majorly concentrate on the trait of charisma as a leadership strategy (Elearn, 2007). All leaders ought to be charismatic, as it is a great feature in progressive leaders. This is Continue reading...

in the Debate Between Moral Relativism and Moral Absolutism
The issue of moral relativism versus moral absolutism is an important one in the history of moral philosophy. Benedicts argues that normality is “culturally defined” and argues that what we think of as right and wrong, good and evil, and moral and immoral varies from culture to culture” (qtd. in Rosenstand, p. 146). This view of moral relativism is that the standards of moral right and wrong are based on the moral code of each culture. On the other hand, Christina Hoff Sommers observes an opposite view that moral objectivity, Continue reading...

Introduction

In literature, Colonialism is defined as a practice of dominance, involving the subjugation one person or a group of people to another person or group of persons. Since literature addresses the various issues that are prevalent in the society and colonialism has been one of the historic occurrences in the existence of the world, various authors of literal books have addressed colonialism. Various writers have addressed the issue using different approaches and styles but they all address it as something that is detrimental and brutal issue that have ever existed in history. Colonialism in its existence is not a Continue reading...

As a dramaturge in seventeenth-century France, Molière effectively uses a number of literary techniques to criticize religious hypocrites. Under the strict regime of absolutist Louis XIV, Molière wrote plays primarily for the king. However, being a natural dissident, he disguised critique through satire. The play, Le Tartuffe, has become a household name, and the word “tartuffe” has become a common word in French, meaning “hypocrite”. In this play, Orgon, the head of a noble household, is blinded and swindled by a religious hypocrite, named Tartuffe. Tartuffe manages to treat Orgon’s family with disdain, and disrespect, even Continue reading...

Nietzsche’s Attitude to Religion

Introduction
The German philosopher, Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche is one of the greatest thinkers of the humanity, who inspired school of thoughts, philosophers, psychologists or writers in their work. His philosophy includes remarks to various social, political, economic or religious aspects. Regarding Nietzsche’s religious philosophies, the most prolific are those regarding the Christianity. This research paper proposes to capture a qualitative analysis of Nietzsche’s attitude to religion, with a specific focus on Christianity.

Body – Literature Review

According to Nietzsche’s perception, there are various attitudes on religion, depending on the social status. As such, the rulers see religion as a strategic Continue reading...

Summary

The article is about how in popular perception the powers vested in the Prime Minster and his cabinet is deemed to be such that it can be called that we are living in an autocracy. The key theme in the article is about how the concentration of power and the charges of autocracy are justified to a certain extent but not to the type of characterization in the popular press. The author of the article is arguing that there is a need to reform the institution of the prime minister and curtail some of the undemocratic powers that have Continue reading...

The United States Senate (2011) uses the term filibustering to refer to the extended debates or any tactics done by Senators to block a measure by preventing a vote. This is an expression of the right to debate and can turn into an endless balderdash which can only be ended by a cloture, which can be invoked by a super-majority of three-fifths of Senatorial votes, not to halt the filibuster, to impose a time limit to possible dilatory motions.

Part I: Origin

The farthest filibustering can be traced in the American history was less than twenty years after its first Constitution was Continue reading...

1. Moral Agent
The Ford Pinto case is based on the constant explosion of Ford Pinto due to poor and defective fuel systems. The design led to several debates regarding the strategies applied by Ford for cost cutting measures. There was a clear lack of ethics, as the company was unwilling to upgrade the fuel system for the benefit of its customers.

2. Issue
The main issue is that Ford was willing to risk safety over reducing production costs, even when the cost for upgrading the fuel system would be $11 per car. Continue reading...

Introduction

Abortion refers to the “termination of pregnancy before fetal viability” (Littleton and Engebretson 508). In this definition, a ‘viable fetus’ refers to one that has thrived for at least twenty weeks after conception. Abortion can broadly be classified into two categories:
1. Spontaneous Abortion: Also known as a miscarriage, this type of abortion refers to the termination of pregnancy without human interference (naturally) (Littleton and Engebretson 508).
2. Induced Abortion: This refers to “termination of pregnancy before fetal viability by medical or surgical intervention” (Littleton and Engebretson 508). This category can further be subdivided into two Continue reading...

Although critical of democracy, Tocqueville did recognize that democracy was the form of political arrangement which would most likely be dominant in the future. While democracy could lead to an overall well being, it could also lead to a type of servitude.
Examine and evaluate two of the principal means – the notion of self-interest properly understood and the need for associations – which Tocqueville believed are necessary to mitigate against the dangers of equality and democratic society.

Tocqueville’s Idea of Democracy

The criticism of American democracy by Tocqueville can be expressed as “the tyranny of the majority” (Roark, p. 19). This idea has been Continue reading...

Introduction

Leadership is a core element to the development of a nation or an organization. It entails the principles that are necessary for the wellbeing of a society. There are various forms of leadership in organizations as well as nations. Among them is aristocratic form of leadership. It is a form of leadership where an individual controls all the decisions with minimal input from the members of the group. Autocratic leaders make choices on the basis of the personal opinions and judgments. Autocratic leaders are irrelevant when their excessive use of power over the group members would mean the failure Continue reading...

Cicero, in his work "De Re Publica" wrote that he didn't install his own, new, invented the terms, but reproduce from memory the conversation between renowned wisest men of his country. In turn, these" famous men": Scipio Africanus, Laelius and others - have repeatedly resorted to the wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers, referring to Plato and Aristotle.
Creativity Plato to the present day remains at the focus of researchers of different directions. For historians in particular, his works are interesting primarily as a reflection of the time period when they were written. Aristotle also belongs to the Continue reading...

The Cuban Revolution of 1953-1959 played a crucial role in Cuba’s history as it ended another term of tyranny and oppression under Cuban President Fulgencio Batista and the benchmark for Cuban reform. Batista’s regime alienated the country through his strict security infrastructure to silence public demonstrations and linking the country to organized crime syndicates and foreign control. The public did not take Batista’s actions lightly and protested against his regime, calling his resignation in office. The protest did not just come from the working class of Cuba, but also from the younger generation that have been Continue reading...

Braveheart is a directorial debut of the Mel Gibson which he starred himself set in the 13th century features the life of William Wallace, a Scottish patriot who together with Robert the Bruce tried to unify the people to fight for their freedom from the English who were taking their lands and oppressed them. All throughout the movie, accounts of how William experienced the tyranny of the English were shown which contributed to his great desire for freedom. This movie does not only show want for freedom but also demonstrates emotions of love. It is an epic movie slightly Continue reading...

1. Why did you pick your speech?

The main reason I chose this speech is that despite it being 52 years old its’ message is still significant today. This speech focuses on vices, hardships and terrors which we currently face today and were faced in the yester years. The speech is direct, simple and eloquent. Its message is concise; it is the fourth shortest inaugural speech delivered, 13 minutes and 59 second. However, it is ranked by historians as one of the best inaugural speeches of all time (Grier, 2011).
I was also drawn to this speech because Continue reading...

Background of the Case

In 2007, Peoples Company acquired a large manufacturing plant from Lexington, Inc. The new manufacturing plant was run by one of Peoples' subsidiary companies, Choice Manufacturing LLC. They built upon the acquired management team, diversified the client base and made significant investments in the plan. Choice Manufacturing LLC has consistently exceeded expectations for Peoples Company. Since acquiring the new plant from Lexington, they have been able to attract new non-Lexington types of manufacturing. They also considered taking the company public. Choice Manufacturing was the premier business until they ran into a cash flow crisis two and a half years Continue reading...

Question 1. According to Machiavelli, power is the main means of ruling which can support ruler’s authority and influence on the subordinates. In this sense, he contradicts with the statement of his predecessors suggesting that kingdom should be ruled on the basis of morality and that the ruler should be an example of morality and goodness. In Machiavellian interpretation, the ruler might be good and moral to the point when he should secure his power and control over the kingdom. In acquisition of power, morality of means is irrelevant, only final result matters.
Question 2. The ethics of Continue reading...

Moral and cultural relativism attempts to draw the relationship between the differences contained in moral judgments and cultural practices across diverse cultures. It supposes that what is right or wrong, or what is moral or not moral can only be determined through a subjective approach as what is moral or right to one person may not necessarily be so to the other. Allan Bloom in his book The choosing of the American mind; How Higher Education Has Failed Democracy and Impoverished The souls of Today’s Students(1987) explains that an average American Student is a moral relativist and Continue reading...

Nineteen Eighty-Four (1984) is a political fiction written by George Orwell and published by Secker and Warburg in 1949. Even if its title shows a later year, this was just a futuristic foreshadow of what would become of the society several years later. In this fiction, Orwell discusses about the social and political issues affecting the society at the time. As a prolific writer, Orwell was quite critical and bold in his writings. He could use his literary skills to reflect on the major issues facing humanity. In this paper, a critical analysis is given about how 1984 was Continue reading...

""Do Thin Models Warp Girls' Body Image?"-Analytic Response" StudyMode.com. 03
2013. 2013. 03 2013 <http://www.studymode.com/essays/Do-Thin-Models-Warp-
Girls%27-Body-1542353.html>.

Do Thin Models Warp Girls’ Body Image? (705)

Models have followers and fans in the name of young girls who are driven into wanting to look like a particular model. However, the course of a model’s life is not an easy one that an ordinary girl would love to walk through. According to research, the issue of body has outgrown with time so that, when a girl is growing, there is one particular look that she would love to appear in. Take for instance, the cheerleaders in Continue reading...