Essays on Nietzsche

Blade Runner is an iconic film that was directed by Ridley Scott in 1981 and based on the novel of Philip Dick "Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?". The film in its two-version interpretations became one of the style-forming movies of the 1980-90s, and also gave rise to the Hollywood tendency to screen anti-utopian stories of Philip Dick. The deep problematic canvas of the film that is based on the idea that a person's conceptions regarding the world and his place in it can appear to be intentionally falsified by third parties, entities or intelligent, received subsequent development in ...

The qualities that humans possess make them special from other living forms or objects. Yet, the studied stories suggest that there is a man – made form of existence that resembles humans in terms of reasoning, cognizing or even feeling human emotions, embodied into robots that possess artificial intelligence. The studied stories, “Tomorrow is Waiting” (Holli Mintzer), “EPICAC” (Kurt Vonnegut), “Robbie” (Isaac Asimov) or “Birth of A Robot” (Abigail Tucker) address the difference between humans and robots only to suggest that the difference is only a human – built concept. The robots presented in these stories show human features, such as ...

Introduction

The assumed Socratic problems were solved long time ago. The standpoint of this paper will be opposing beliefs that are prevailing and hence the primary emphasis will be put on the pedantry and lack of creativity of Socrates. Through the reviewing of records and their theme, this paper will be able to bring out the ambiguous character and the teachings of this great thinker.

Over time, there have been many attempts that try to link up the character of this great philosopher Socrates to the decisive turning point of the Greeks spiritual history. To very great extent this ...

Part I: Machiavelli, Rousseau and Nietzsche – A Critical Review

The three philosophical treatises, The Prince (Machiavelli), Lawgiver (Rousseau) and Sovereign Individual (Nietzsche) seem to define the role and position of the topmost leader of the society and how various classes of authority devolves from such a leader. The different philosophers seem to define their view of how these leaders must acquire their power, use it and maintain law and order through the delegation of power and authority and controlling these subordinates through systems of responsibility and accountability. However, Machiavelli’s Prince seems to be somewhat different and distinct from Rosseau’s Lawgiver and Nietzsche’s Sovereign Individual. This ...

Summary

In this work, Nietzsche constantly criticized ancient thinkers who argued for dualism. According to him, the ancient Greeks were not rationalists. He goes forward t give an example of the rejection of the senses because of change and multiplicity which prompted Heraclitus to reject their testimony. According to him, dualism presented things in a way that presumed they were permanent and uniform. In practice, there is a contrast in the manner that people conceive the problem of appearance and error. Whereas in the past change and alteration were considered as a proof of appearance, this is not the case today. ...

The video, “Nietzsche on Hardship - Philosophy: A Guide to Happiness” introduces the viewers to the philosophical theory espoused by Friedrich Nietzsche. Nietzsche advocates the belief that individuals benefit from hardship and failure. What matters is how the failure is met and how it is used to one’s advantage. One believes that the Nietzsche’s theory can be learned and practiced in one’s life. Like Nietzsche, one should look positively on sufferings because it makes a person stronger. Often, a person’s capacities and skills are put to the test when faced with challenges. After going through these ...

1. Nietzsche in his work distinctly differentiated slave and master morality. During his time, and for conservative thinkers of today, there are traits that are considered noble and positive. These traits including meekness, humility, pity and other characteristics that might be universally defined as kind are to him, weak. This kind of thinking is what he refers to as slave morality because it is not assertive and people who think that way are not strong enough to become masters of their own world. He condemns the philosophy which embraces these characteristics. To him, a master morality is one that is opposite ...

“On The Genealogy of Morals” is a text by a German philosopher by the name Friedrich Nietzsche. In the book, Nietzsche uses a genealogical method to trace the origins of people’s different conceptions of morality. The text has three main essays; the first entitled “Good and Evil,” the second one entitled “Guilt, ‘Bad Conscience,’ and the like” and the last one entitled “What is the meaning of ascetic ideals?” This essay provides a critical response to Nietzsche’s work, specifically his book “On The Genealogy of Morals.”

One of the claims made by Nietzsche ...

When a new technology is created, there are always people who believe it is a good thing and there are people who believe it is a bad thing. It is not surprising that people today have the same feelings about the Internet. Some people who use the Internet daily wonder if it is having a bad effect on our minds. For example, Nicholas Carr writes about the Internet’s bad effects in his July 2008 article in The Atlantic, “Is Google Making Us Stupid?.” The Internet can be bad for people, but it is a choice people make if it will be bad ...

Thus Spoke Zarathustra is one of the most important philosophical texts of all time. It presents the speeches the eponymous main character gives; these are characterized by being complex musings on life and thought. One of the most important of these is “On Self-Overcoming”, presented in the second part of this book. In it, Zarathustra addresses the wisest, a group probably conformed of philosophers and religious hierarchs. In it, he inquires about the nature of truth, power and being. He muses about what truth is, how it is created and the effects it can have on the population. This leads ...

The meaning of life has been one of the most significant questions that humankind has asked itself. Throughout history, different cultures have given various answers, from myths, to religion and science. After Nietzsche’s proclamation of the death of God, philosophers started asking themselves what they were on this planet for, giving rise to the Existentialist movement. Attempting to answer this question some saw that it did not have a verifiable response, concluding that human life was actually absurd. However, not everyone interpreted this word in the same way. Albert Camus was one of its most famous proponents, believing that ...

In his third essay of the genealogy of morality, Nietzsche combined slave revolt, the feeling of ressentiment and the resurgence of modern reality to develop ascetic ideals. He states that “if one disregards the ascetic ideal” then human lives have no meaning. Nietzsche claims that, the ressentiment man is reluctant to permit things to build within him. The slight injuries that arise transform into a resentful hatred and he build happiness in a very long process. This man focuses on the future, thus, he is full of hope and cleverness unlike the noble man. In line with Nietzsche argument, this ...

The Tempest illustrates Shakespeare’s idea of power and how it is exercised. In the island where all the characters were brought together by the tempest, their individual desire for power and how they plan to achieve it shows how man constantly struggles to possess power and rule over others. This characteristic of man is explained in Friedrich Nietzsche’s view of power, which states that it is the Will to Power that drives man to desire control and achieve it. He explains that life is a plurality of forces striving after an increase in the feeling of power, until ...

2 Different Advertisements for Cars Today, cars have come to represent status and culture, and thanks to advertisements, one gets to see what differentiates people based on their taste. Apollo and Dionysius are prominent Gods g Greek mythology. They are both honored with distinct characteristics; creativity and personality. Apollo is known to be the noblest of all, whereas, Dionysius is a rebel and represents wild unbridled emotion. They are like the two poles; similar in structure, but miles apart in characteristics. While spontaneity is associated with Dionysian, methodology and planning is what the Apollonian man adopts. It is in ...

The historical, cultural and scientific events of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries shaped human thoughts and philosophy. The purpose of science and philosophy is to explain the universe, meaning of life and where man fits in. Man has made progress based on the growth and development of science and philosophy. The conventional opinions that were barriers to a richer human experience were attacked by Nietzsche, who disliked liberalism, communism, and socialism. He disagreed to the two-hundred-year-old western intellectual tradition of progress and condemned the morality of Christians. He advocated that the man was living alone in an ...

Introduction

This study will define some of the terms such as Rationalism Empiricism and principle of utility states. It will further discuss some of the hypotheses by the philosophers such as Nietzsche and Sartre. Rationalism is being defined in philosophy as, the analysis that regards reasons as the primary source and the knowledge analysis. Empiricism is a theory that all the knowledge of matters of facts comes from sensory experience (Locke, 1998).The principle of utility states that, both actions and behavior are correct as long as they uphold happiness and pleasure. On the other hand, actions and behaviors are ...

1. According to Nietzsche, Christianity’s “slave morality” enabled it to achieve supremacy over ancient paganism. What were the fundamental values of paganism and how was Christianity able to defeat it? In his premier essay “On the Geology of Morals “, Nietzsche lays significant accusations on the nature of Christianity as a bullying religion designed only for the weak, the slaves, and the poor. Critics of this early work affirm that the circumstances under which the essay is constructed lays firm breeding grounds for violence and victimization of other forms of religion or doctrines (Fraser par. 2). Paganism was such ...

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) is the great German thinker, a classical scholar, composer, poet, a creator of the original philosophical doctrine, which has emphasized non-academic nature and therefore is widespread far beyond the scientific and philosophical communities. The fundamental concept of Nietzsche includes specific criteria for assessing the validity, questioned the basic principles of the existing forms of morality, religion, culture and socio-political relations and subsequently reflected in the philosophy of life. As stated in the aphoristic style, most of the works of Nietzsche can not be unambiguously interpreted and cause a lot of controversies. Friedrich Nietzsche was the first person to ...

Philosophy

In his philosophy, Nietzsche appraises the origin of morality, in an attempt to recount the backgrounds of both sin as well as morals (3). Owing to the fact that basic words of ethical deeds entails several connections with nobility alongside the slavery theories; he capitalizes on the coincidence to genially sum up the difference between nobility and the slave moralities. He tailors the nobility morality on magnificence alongside the aspiration to enhance quality as opposed to inferiority, whereas the slave morality tends to proclaim ‘good’ as the absolute opposite of nobility “beauty or good.” For instance, the slave nobility ...

In the article “Definition of Man”, Burke (17) asserts that lovers tend to go through the same phases till the end. More than often people fall in love and at times ending up with bitter breakups that are heart breaking. Due to this, my views on love have changed. Some people fight to keep love, others do not realize it while others hide from it. I tend to belief that love is split in three dimensions; lust, attachment, and romance. Burke asserts that two people can fall in love before sleeping together, or even get attached before loving each ...

In chapter 2 Nietzsche makes a distinction regarding how people respond to drama and response to events in real life. The arguments present the distinction between Apollonian and Dionysian personalities. The distinction of these two personalities is crucial in gaining an insight as to how people behave in this world. The ultimate goal is to promote full awareness of oneself and the behavior of humanities. It is also vital in discovering how humanities can work for different people. In studying humanities, referring to these personalities is vital in understanding the distinction of personalities portrayed by a person According to Nietzsche’ ...

Chapter 9: Descartes

1. "I find here that thought is an attribute that belongs to me; it cannot be separated from me. I am, I exist, that is certain" (Descartes qtd. in Soccio 260). What does Descartes mean by this statement and why is it so important? Descartes claims that there is no ego without a thought (mind) and this ego does not exist in a thoughtless state. That is one of his most important ideas, which led to a well-known statement - “I think therefore I am”. 2. What is meant to be proven by the wax example? How does Descartes go ...

Frederick Nietzsche is perhaps among the most controversial philosopher and thinker of his time. Mostly remembers for his highly scandalous declaration that God is dead, Nietzsche explored the concept of will to power in his book The Gay Science. The concept that Nietzsche was driving at with this concept is that men by nature has that instinctive drive that urges him to insist his ways and values to other people . Nietzsche was trying to suggest that regardless of the superficial intent in one’s action, whether it is by virtue benefiting or harmful to another person, the motive of ...

Both fragments of Nietzsche's books concern two main ideas of his social theory: compassion and Christian idea of compassion. Nietzsche was quite coherent in his critics of the compassion and the enemy of the Christian church. Nietzsche was the admirer of the power over people by a certain group of people, superior men. He stressed that the will to power makes our lives more full and significant. The man is tempered in life full of adventures and dangers of struggle and tension. This excitement and risk life increases his will, and the person becomes strong and independent, proud and self-sufficient. Such ...

Nietzsche claims that the fundamental reasons for distrusting philosophy, and half-way mocking it is not because of the mistakes made or how childish the philosophical work is, but the lack of honest. The lack of honesty in handling the philosophical project leads to prejudiced work dubbed as truth. A philosopher dubs his own ideologies without strict hones and then proceeds to defend their ideas. In the search for truth, Nietzsche in Aphorism 6 notes that great philosophy is based on the truths of the originator which is the unconscious and involuntary auto-biography (Friedrich Nietzsche, 1886). He claims that ...

in the Debate Between Moral Relativism and Moral Absolutism The issue of moral relativism versus moral absolutism is an important one in the history of moral philosophy. Benedicts argues that normality is “culturally defined” and argues that what we think of as right and wrong, good and evil, and moral and immoral varies from culture to culture” (qtd. in Rosenstand, p. 146). This view of moral relativism is that the standards of moral right and wrong are based on the moral code of each culture. On the other hand, Christina Hoff Sommers observes an opposite view that moral ...

Friedrich Nietzsche noble human beings the best approach on human nature. Nietzsche fundamental idea is the driving force of human action; the will to power. It is the inherent will to power within humans that affirms human life and the will to live, dominate, and grow. Humans operate on the general principle of growing, domination throughout life. However, human do not live, grow and dominate at equal levels. There are inherent differences in the human society. The noble human being, therefore, is the one who advances the will to power. He who is noble honors himself as one who ...

There are unique differences between Buddhism and existentialism. The uniqueness in differences mainly depends on the metaphysical traditions with unique phenomenological methodology. In the section of ethics, existentialism and Buddhism are different on how they influence the society. Proper understanding of the elements would mainly depend on the arguments by Nietzsche and The Buddha. There are controversial arguments by Nietzsche as he tries to argue against Buddhism. The influential arguments for the two are proper definition of Buddhism. Nietzsche is the main pioneer of existentialism in the western world. He takes exclusive positions against Buddhism. He defends various ...

Since time immemorial, philosophers, scientists, theologians, and laypeople have inquired about the nature of "God" and the possibilities of a transcendent realm from both a scientific perspective as well as a religious perspective. Their answers are nebulous, as the lack of evidence of an Omniscient being, or a loving "Creator" can be construed as the absence of the ability to know this realm. Any knowledge of such a realm must be taken on faith alone, as it is not scientifically provable, which either proves that science has its limits, or that the knowledge of God operates beyond the realm of scientific empiricism -- and ...

What is the connection between the notion of SOUL and the individual’s sense of SELF-identity?

In order to find a connection between the notion of soul and the individual’s sense of self-identity, it is very important to know their definitions. Soul has been defined in various ways by religion and philosophers. It is claimed that a soul is the essence or immaterial aspect that human beings have that show their individuality and humanity. It is stated that the mind and self are synonymous with the soul (Chalmers). There are others who believe that a soul is immortal, therefore, cannot die. Individual’s sense of self-identity has been the subject of scrutiny by many philosophers. The sense ...

What is the master-slave relation and how, according to Nietzsche does the slave achieve power over the master?

According to Nietzsche, the master-slave relation is determined by master-morality and slave-morality. These notions have its origin in the ruling caste as the subordinates were consciously different from the one that ruled. It is the ruler, the master who decides what is good, and displays contempt towards the weak. It refers to the “warrior caste”. Here, antithesis of “good” and “evil”, “noble” and despicable” is created. Those who are ruled are “distrustful” and deserve to be abused. On the other hand, slave-morality claims that it is a different form of power structure, in which the privileged section fails to maintain ...

The black swan is a movie about a girl who discovers her other side through dancing. She is born and raised by an overprotective mother who wants to live her dream through her daughter. Nina, the main character, is a ballerina in a leading company. She is to battle with the new girl from San Francisco, Lily, for the lead role in playing as both the black and the white swan. Nina is originally the collected girl whose mother has protected from all the happenings of the world. However, the tragedy strikes when she turns evil in an effort to win the role, ...

Friedrich Nietzsche is one of history’s foremost philosophers and philologists, often called the father of nihilism. This extends to his portrayal of women in his literary works; while he focused primarily on works of dramatic theory rather than writing stories himself, these books are nonetheless the expression of his thoughts on women as a species, particularly as they relate to the overall condition of man of which he was so concerned. Nietzsche’s own personal views on women were hardly positive, as he seems to believe that women were the essence of everything that was unreasonable and distracting to ...

Answer to philosophy questions

Judgments especially on the analytical realm, call for predicates that are wholly held in their given subjects. It relates to the fact that they never add any value to the given postulated idea of the prospective subject. It, therefore, brings out the absolute explicative nature of the latter and might be derived from the renowned non-contradiction guidelines. Those judgments that stem from the synthetic realm, in line with their own consideration relate to those with predicates that possess a unique stance from their given subjects. However, their predicates are always assumed to relate due to some genuine association with other ...

Introduction

Since its inception some twenty thousand years ago, human civilization has grown enormously and has spread all over the entire globe in past few centuries. The vastness of human civilization is managed through institutions – the institutions of education, state, law, religion, family, marriage etc. These institutions are all interrelated. Stability and order in the society are primary purposes of these institutions. The functioning of all these institutions is based on certain principles and the central to these principles is the principle of infinite value of human life. Killing of a human life stands in opposition to the principle of infinite ...

Philosophy has always been an attractive field since it involves a major history of evolution and development. Philosophy derived from the human need to explore the mystery of human life and existence along with the wish to find the principles and rules that can be applied to life. Philosophical points of views and philosophers are studied and used by humans as part of their effort to put their lives within a normal routine and a desirable orientation. There is no doubt that life could be characterized as an ongoing, constant journey that aims at finding the meaning in life and at fulfilling ...

5-Jun-14

Philosophy of Happiness Philosophy of Happiness The presented book, "Classical philosophical question" is an explicit piece of art that presents scholarly opinions and arguments over human and the fundamentals of human sociology. The book presented opinion over the aspects of free will, abortion, metaphysics, pornography and ethics. The referred features are discussed from numerous dimensions to study the social, political and religious aspects of the element of study in the light of scholarly professors as senior. These include Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Hume, Berkeley, Kant, Sartre, Camus, Hanson, Grimshaw, Nietzsche, and many others. Hence, the preposition presented in ...

Friedrich Nietzsche was a prominent German Philosopher and was considered one of the controversial and well-read philosophers of the 19th century. His ideas about nature and morality continue being subject of debate and are majorly discussed by scholars to date. Friedrich Nietzsche dwells a lot about the issues of morality; he presupposes subjective morality as well as atheism. He argues from naturalistic point of view on how humanity is wholly responsible for the control of passions provided by nature and how religion is considered as anti-nature. People, in many occasions, have been questioning whether morality should be considered an anti-nature issue. ...

Reflection paper

Happiness in every sphere of our lives is something that every individual is trying to reach. Happiness cannot be universally defined because it is an individual feeling. Nietzsche tried to define happiness from a philosophical point of view, and frame it with recipe for fulfillment of happiness. From my standpoint, Nietzsche analyzed the feeling of happiness that appears when one accomplishes something after the long series of failures and misfortune. This is a feeling of accomplishes, satisfaction, but not a feeling of long-lasting happiness. Nietzsche’s theory can be applied as a road to success. In order for someone to become fulfilled, ...

Philosophy has been one of the defining disciplines and characteristics of Western culture. This ideology is so ingrained in the thought processes of these people that one may not realize that a particular view responds to the philosophical tradition that began with the ancient Greeks. Socrates was one of the most important of these thinkers. Therefore, as this discipline has developed, his thoughts have been both acclaimed and refuted by subsequent philosophers. Notably, Friedrich Nietzsche was very critical of this father of philosophy and many others in his Twilight of the Idols. A line-by-line analysis of a paragraph from this book ...

Demian" by Herman Hesse, portrays the Nietzschean idea .Nietzsche argues that people should not consider the idea of good or evil when they are making decisions, but transcend other metric of evaluation. “We believe that morality in the sense it has had up to now (the morality of intentions) was a prejudice, a precipitousness, perhaps a preliminary, a thing on about the same level as astrology and alchemy, but in any case something that must be overcome” (§ 32). In the Demian, it is clear that the main character, Sinclair, grew up to confirm that it is right to practice things that other people ...

Philosophy

Martin Luther King and Friedrich Nietzsche Friedrich Nietzsche was a philosopher who was born in 1844 in Roecken, Saxony. For all accounts, he is remembered as being a brilliant man. At the age of 24 years old, without obtaining a college degree, Nietzsche became a professor of Greek at the University of Basel in Switzerland. Nietzsche is the author of such works as Thus Spake Zarathustra, The Birth of Tragedy, The Dawn, The Gay Science, and Towards a Genealogy of Morals. He wrote Beyond Good and Evil ion 1886. Friedrich Nietzsche spoke out against Christianity as depriving men of free thought in ...

Introduction

It is always nice for an individual to reckon that he has lived a meaningful and purposeful life. This is a statement that most of hope to qualify at one point in our lives, whether presently or later. However, in looking forward to this moment, it is important t comprehend what it entails to live a meaningful and purposeful life. It has been argued that this answer is as varied as the number of people you seek answers from. Nonetheless, this has not stopped philosophers, political leaders and even religious leaders from pondering on the matter. Over the ages, it has been ...

I was raised in the Jewish faith so my sense of self for many years was a tiny idea lost in a very crowded room. On the other hand I knew my sense of self existed with the shared belief and shared faith of millions of others Jews. Until this year when suddenly I realized that my sense of self has nothing to do with the Jewish religion. I had a ‘light bulb’ moment this year during a Rosh Ha Shana service in which I was overwhelmed with anger at the sexism, homophobia, elitism, and irrationality I found inherent in the religion. My ...

The aim of this essay is to present you with a portrait of Socrates, the philosopher and teacher of Plato and other philosophers in Ancient Greece in the 4th century B.C. The portrait will be drawn upon the reflections formed by some literary pieces which provide readers with details of Socrates’ personality. The literary pieces which will be used are the ‘Republic’ and ‘Menon’ by Plato, the monologue the ‘Apology’, the painting ‘The Death of Socrates’ by Jacques-Louis David and the written piece of Nietzsche Friedrich ‘The problem of Socrates’. This portrait is rich in terms of consisting of ...

According to Nietzsche, in his book “The Problem of Socrates” Socrates is anti-life. This is as a result of the fact that Socrates never made any attempt to save his life. Nietzsche began by stating that the judgment reached by the wisest sages of all times about life is that “life is worthless. The way the western cultures traditionally interpretes the Socrates’ judgment is that it is a one-sided rationalism of the enlightenment which reaches its highest point in such trivial schemes as utilitarianism, with its bland disregard of the instinctive basis of life. This is because the curbing of ...

According to Nietzsche, a culture forms by the language, codes, institutions, narratives, and practices that affect the morality, having two perspectives named as “noble morality” and “slave morality”. Noble morality includes pride, strength, and nobility. It is adopted by a man who has strong wills and power and thus values the actions as having good and bad results. Nietzsche differentiated between the good and bad actions and their consequences that strong willed man does (Sinhababu, pp. 262). He said that good values and actions are perceived to bring positive impacts upon a person as compare to bad actions that reflect the cowardice and ...

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Philosophy

How should one deal with desires, needs, bodily limitations and mortality during the living of one’s life? To what extent can our minds know and control or improve our bodies? The question of how one should deal with desires and needs, on the one hand, and bodily limitations and mortality, on the other, has been one of the most significant, essential issues throughout the history of philosophy, in particular, and history of mankind, in general. It would be unrealistic to assume that it is possible to answer this ...

Nietzsche and Kierkegaard are both great contributors in existentialism. Although they both fit into the category which is defined as a philosophical movement concerning the individual and how he assumes whole responsibility for his actions, their theories are quite different. They have similarities in how they arrived to their conclusions, though. Both men were raised in Christian homes, however their views on God and Christianity are very different. Nietzsche rejects Christianity and his belief of a God while Kierkgaard claims to be Christian, yet how he sees God is different in his work. Nietzsche believes that Christianity negates the meaning ...

Nietzsche’s genealogy of morality and Freud’s concept of unconsciousness offer distinct explanations for the forces that affect behavior. The relationship in their explanations perhaps lies in the fact that both of them attribute the behavioral factors in human beings to influences. However, the point of departure between the two begins with the nuanced association of the causes of the behavioral influences. While Nietzsche would have us believe that behavioral influences are a factor of social constructs of what is bad and evil, Freud on the other hand, would have us believe that behavior are a factor of internal influences ...

As the world thrust forward with the advent of modernism and civilization in the late 9th century and early 20th century, so did the human thought. Several thinkers and theorists put fourth their minds questioning the way things were done by the elite and therefore wanted a change in how governments, scientists and people in general reasoned out issues that affected man at the time (Askay & Farquhar 66). Some of these philosophers include Karl Marx, Darwin, Sigmund Freud, Nietzsche and even Dostoevsky. Most of these philosophers went against what was culturally considered the norm and argued against some of the ...

In Beyond Good and Evil, Friedrich Nietzsche gives his criticisms to Christianity. As a philosopher, he presents his school of thought and accuses Christianity as a dogmatic religion with fewer benefits to all the people. This paper critically analyzes his accusations. It does this by giving critical responses in line with the Pope Benedict XVI’s encyclical Deus Caritas Est. Nietzsche accused the church of poisoning erotic love by converting it into a vice. He uses excerpts from the Songs of Solomon to be a degrading manifestation of conjugal love. To him, Christianity is the worst type of self-presumption in the history ...

There are several theories of crime causation. However, this paper only focuses on two theories, the biological and sociological theories, to explain probable reasons why Leopold and Loeb committed the heinous kidnapping and murder of an acquaintance to which they both confessed. A brief summary of the facts of the case Illinois V Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb is that Leopold and Loeb, aged 19 and 18 years respectively, planned and executed the murder of Frank, a fourteen year old, by first kidnapping him. The two were from wealthy families and were not in need of the ransom money ...

Nietzsche’s On the Genealogy of Morals is considered to be one of his most important works. He is one of the most challenging figures in modern philosophy with an undercurrent arguing that Christian morality has reduced human beings to slaves of their own making. He takes the idea of the decadence of Christian morality further in ‘Beyond Good and Evil’ where he states that man must unencumber himself from all things moral and rise above such petty arguments. The master-slave axis is the main undercurrent of these works. Nietzsche argues that man is reduced to the level ...

Philosophy and Number

Philosopher Rene Descartes’ reliance on the primacy of reason over faith made him to craft his four basic rules concerning the human person (Obrien, n.d., p. 21). First, he claimed that no statement should be accepted as true without evidence. Second, he demanded the breaking down of a problem into its constituent parts. Third, he required an individual to start from the simple until he progresses to complex ideas. Fourth, he instructed a person to thoroughly and carefully record and analyze data to make certain the acceptance of the truth. On the other hand, Philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche argued for a careful examination ...

According to Nietzsche, the universe is very complex that it cannot be known objectively and that there are only opinions in the universe and no facts. This is a subjective view of the universe. According to his philosophy on the will to power, which refers to the drive to perfect and transcend the self through the possession and exercise of creative power, or simply the unconscious or conscious individual desire to exercise authority of followers. According to this philosophy, the will to power is broken down into three levels. The lowest of these levels is the will to physically dominate ...

Abstract

Popper’s View on Science Applied to Management Theory

Introduction

Popper’s view on science disregards the induction, considering that theories must be submitted to experiments before considered scientific, otherwise things, if they cannot be experimented, theories are not scientific, but of other nature, such as metaphysical, and the philosopher aims to differentiate between the empirical science and the metaphysics (Corvi, 2005). This perception contributes to expanding human knowledge, because taking knowledge for granted determines scientific stagnation, while testing proven theories as falsifiable leads to further discovery and learning new theories, generating scientific advancement. Applied to management, Popper’s view ...

Introduction

The world ‘evil” in general terms refers to profound immorality. Evil usually goes hand in hand with religion and thus, it becomes very hard to talk about evil without making reference to religion. The world’ major religions have varying definitions of evil, particular in regards to its root causes and motives. However, these religions generally agree that evil is composed of unbalanced behaviour elements that include: selfishness, neglect, expediency and ignorance (Drees 2003). The aim of this paper is to explore the concept of evil in great detail and show that it is virtually impossible for the world to ...

Philosophy

Ethics refers to the study of a person’s action as having moral worth, amoral bearing, or anything that has value for its own sake. In most cases, ethics binds an individual’s thought, feeling, and action in direct or indirect influence upon himself or others. On the other hand, most people regards culture as related to one’s community background (e.g., norms, traditions, mores, etc.) valued for its collective sense. In many countries across the world, different cultures and ethical understanding exist. However, the question remains as to which has come first – ethics or culture? And, how are these ...

Mill himself was educated as an adult from the age of four and he had strong beliefs that he was not raised but manufactured, he felt he was not allowed to mature but instead he was forced to mature by someone else’s action. Mill uses this point to establish that this was wrong. He believes his father should have allowed him to mature on his own so he could fully flourish; he ended up having a breakdown at the age of twenty. Mill is incredibly opposed personally to control and coercion, he feels people should be left alone to discover ...