Essays on Correction

Should prisons be privatized?

Prison privatization is sustained by claims that facilities that are privately operated are cost effective at ensuring the provision of services compared to public institutions. Other evidence show that this assertion is not supported while others do. In addition, when turned into a for-profit industry, a few challenges will accompany incarceration centers. The following points argue for and against prison privatization Fiscal savings through cost containment: People who support private prisons assert that the private sector is saving the available resources through great efficiencies. Safety and services: Advocates claim that prison privatization has been successful in other industries with ...

The rise in imprisonment in America over the past years has risen at an alarming rate. The United States of America prison population has increased from about three hundred thousand inmates in the 1970’s to over one million inmates in recent years. Statistics show that America has the highest number of inmates in the world (Pfaff 173).The so-called “war on drugs ” which attracted long prison sentences has acted as a major factor contributing to the increase in the prison population (Golembeski 1702). Between the years 2003 and 2010, the prison population rate in the state of Georgia ...

Clinical psychology is a branch of psychology, which main objectives is to address issues (both practical and theoretical) related to the prevention, diagnosis of diseases and pathological conditions, as well as psych correction forms of influence on the process of recovery, rehabilitation, addressing various issues and experimental study of the impact of various psychological factors on the shape and course of various diseases. (Trull & Prinstein, 2013) A common task of the clinical psychologist in the medical institution is its involvement in the differential diagnosis of various diseases, treatment and social and labor adaptation of patients. First, it is to ...

Introduction

Cerebral Palsy Cerebral palsy is a physical disability that results from damage to the brain during development that negatively impacts the functional development of children14. Characteristics of cerebral palsy include an inability to control the body’s motor functioning with a potential to affect speech, learning, environmental exploration, and the skills required for independent living. In addition, these patients have delays in reaching milestones for gross motor development with problems moving such as weakness, spasticity, and impaired selective motor control27. Children born with the disability have varying levels of impairment, and while it usually develops by age three, it ...

Introduction

Artificial (computer) intelligence is one of the most promising development vectors in computer science and computer engineering. Work in the field of artificial intelligence is aimed at the development of methods, tools and technologies of designing computer systems with a specific function such as training, expert advising, robotics, and others. Unlike conventional programmers, who are involved in the development of well-specified software, artificial intelligence experts are additionally able to formulate specifications, which is one of the biggest challenges in the design of any product. However, the issue remains, as questions continue to arise as to whether human-equivalent artificial intelligence ...

Effectiveness of Supported Angel Heel Treadmill Rehabilitation on hip fractured patients

Physiotherapist DECLARATION I, the undersigned Fatih Serkan YILDIRIMER (print name), a student of the Faculty of Public Health of Debrecen University, being fully aware of my legal liability, do thereby declare and certify with my signature that my thesis, entitled

EFFECTIVENESS OF SUPPORTED ANGEL HEEL TREADMILL REHABILITATION ON HIP FRACTURED PATIENT

is my own original work and that the printed and electronic literature referred to in it was used in accordance with the international rules of copyright. I understand that in the case of a thesis, it is considered plagiarism when: ● quoting word for word without quotation marks and referring to literature without proper citation. ● referring to content without citing ...

IT Infrastructure

Abstract Since the internet invention, modem as evolved tremendously and impacted lives globally. Modems transmit digital information over a telephone line by converting it into electrical signals and demodulate it at the receiver via another modem. Based on the amount of data a modem can transmit per unit of time, typically bits per seconds, they are classified. In next section of this paper, it will examine namely 3G and 4G LTE modem technology compare the latter in light to multiplexing and error correction when transmitting and exchanging data via the internet. Further ahead, and the paper will compare encoding ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

Differences between a causal and a correlation Causation refers to the cause of something to happen. A causal claim shows that the two events are related to each other in such a way that one event is the effect of the other. Suppose there are two events; b and c, then a causal claim can take the form of “b causes c” in which b refers to the cause and c refers to the effect. On the other hand, correlation shows that the two variables (events) are related to each other in such a way that ...

In the history of American law and justice, the first juvenile court was established in1899. The Juvenile Justice and Correctional Process is made up of a few phases that are utilized to help the child whose age ranges between 7 to 18 years for the interest of the both the society and the youths. In addition, there are guidelines on judgment techniques, circumstances, and contribution that contrast inside states. Thus, the objective of this essay is to investigate the juvenile procedure and correction in California while considering the case study of Colleen a 15 year old who was arrested ...

Introduction

Technologies continues to address people’s major unsatisfied needs, however, they will never determine our fate. Despite the fact that they are taking over human tasks it doesn’t imply that there will no longer be jobs for people. What we can do is find a way to make technologies work for us. Automation is both helpful and harmful to the current state of employment across the world.

How Technology can be Helpful in Workplace

Improves Communication Technology makes it possible for people to communicate with other individuals and businesses via virtual offices across the globe. Many responsibilities and duties can now be accomplished from home ...

Abstract

The United States tops the list of the country with the highest number of incarcerated individuals. According to statistics released by the U.S Department of Justice, more than two million Americans were censored to be incarcerated with the local jail or prison. In late 1960, the United States realized the pressure overcrowding was impacting on the taxpayers. The government was spending a lot of money to take care of an individual in prison. Overcrowding led to the demand for better ways to deal with lawbreakers without necessarily taking them to prison, hence community-based correctional program. This paper analyses the ...

Tends in Institutional and Community-based Corrections

Institutional and community-based corrections have undergone significant changes over the last few decades. The changes are attributed to the increased growth in prison population, concerns over public safety, and the need to cut the cost of incarceration. Traditionally, people believed that all crimes should be punished. Therefore prisoners were facing corporal punishments and criminals were mainly taken to prisons for punishment. However, between the 1960s and 1990s, justice system introduced rehabilitation and reintegration systems, especially due to rapid population growth in prisons across the globe (Mackenzie, 2001). Community-based programs launched in the same period. Early release programs are the ...

Historical Origins of Correctional Enterprise

Correctional systems are institutions for rehabilitating criminals. They include prisons and community- based systems. After being convicted in court, criminals may spend time in correctional systems away from friends and family. There are different types of correctional systems classified according to the government level in which they function: private, local, state or federal. They can also be classified according to the level of security, age, and gender (Waldron, et al. 2009). Most correctional systems run Correctional Enterprise programs that provide opportunities for prisoners to learn new skills, be productive, and responsible. This initiative’s objective is to instill values ...

Alternatives to incarceration refer to any punishment for crime, which does not involve sending an offender to prison for a jail term (Joseph and Wesley 15). Such alternatives to incarceration include parole, probation, fines or community service. Having such alternatives to incarceration gives judges a wide range of sentencing options to judges. They also help to reduce congestion in state correctional facilities. Mostly these options are awarded to the less violent offenders, especially those that have been accused of dealing with petty crime or selling less harmful drugs and on a small scale. This paper will look into how ...

California in 1851 initiated its first correctional institutions that were run by the state. CDCR’s history can be fully traced to 1912 when it was called California State Detentions Bureau(California Department of Correction & Rehabilitation, n.d.”). Then in 1951 the name changed to California Department of Corrections, and then in 2004 changed its name to California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) (California Department of Correction & Rehabilitation, n.d.”). Currently the CDCR is managed by Secretary Scott Kernan and Ralph M. Diaz who is the Undersecretary (“CDCR Executive Staff, n.d.”). The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) is ...

Thesis

Improved Detection and Characterization of Obscured Central Gland Tumors of the Prostate:

requirementsRequirements for the degree of

2016

©2016 by All rights reserved Approved by First Reader Boris Nicolas Bloch, M.D.

Associate Professor of Radiology and

Director of Bioimaging Science Second Reader Kevin Thomas, Ph.D.

Assistant Professor of Bioimaging and Health Emergency

DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this work to my patient spouse Landry, my wonderful children Charlie and Phoenix, and my dog Armani. (Delete this page if you don't need it. Be sure to delete all the text on the page, and the page break after it, not the section break before it. To see the section and page breaks, ...

Introduction

Cognitive Behavioral Interventions are approaches that use soft instruments to correct or enhance behavioral characteristics of individuals, either to comply with society expectations or to unlearn a particular behavior. A person with a drugs problem may be trained to handle the urges of taking drugs and avoidance of risky situations, with an aim of solving the problems. Cognitive behavioral therapy, commonly referred to as CBT, teaches the subjects a new set of skills designed to increase awareness of thoughts and emotions of an individual. The idea is to re-empower the individual to understand how certain exposures to situations, people ...

Reference 1

Lambert, E. G., Minor, K. I., Gordon, J., Wells, J. B., and Hogan, N. L. (2016). Exploring the Correlates of Perceived Job Dangerousness Among Correctional Staff at a Maximum Security Prison. Criminal Justice Policy Review. 00 (0). DOI: 10.1177/0887403415623618. The signs of mental health disorders do not reveal themselves at work most of the time. Only in rare and isolated instances, will the potency of the problems manifest. In addition, the other correctional officers and staff might not have adequate knowledge to corroborate evidence. Hence, this peer-reviewed paper will provide the parameters for testing. The variables, components, variances, and ...

ABSTRACT

Education is very important in every aspect. Some people say that the school is a second home for the students and it is very likely to be true. Students and teachers spend many hours together, while parents seem to make just a small contribution to what the teaching-learning process intends. The very mere principle of the symbiotic relationship between the teacher and students may be found in. This essay will try to explain the merging point that goes beyond the classroom, where students get what they learnt at school and apply it to real life situations. There are many ...

Actions

The Effectiveness of Pretrial Bail in Ensuring that Criminals are Held Accountable for Their Actions Abstract There is an increased concern over the rising costs of maintaining the correction facilities. Law breakers are held as they wait for their trials thus exerting more pressure on the already congested prison facilities. Whereas the correction facilities are important part of the judicial system, the cost implications are and in some cases exceed the benefits that are reaped from them. Incarnation is preferred as the main form of punishment for the law breakers. The system has been in place since time in ...

Annotated Bibliography

Introduction The correctional system in the United States is a complex and overcrowded problem in recent times. The staff in these facilities is often undertrained and overworked. They lack the professional experience and due to heavy attrition rates, are unable to operate any reliable mentoring programs. This gap increases the stress which exceeds the paradigm of work and invades the private lives of the correctional staff. This paper unlocks the psychological problems that fester correctional staff in the United States. Annotated Bibliography 1. Lambert, E. G., Minor, K. I., Gordon, J., Wells, J. B., and Hogan, N. L. (2016). ...

Policy making processes can be long and arduous. Nevertheless, they play a very important role in determining the way a country should be governed (Anderson, 2015). One of the issues that needs urgent attention from public officials is the crowding in correction facilities. A correction institution is a place where people who have been convicted of crime are kept and housed in an environment of limited freedom. The amount of time one spends in prison depends on a number of issues and the nature of crime committed. Convicted felons are transferred to places that suited to hold them according ...

Homework 1 – Lesson 16

Test Objective Test Scenarios/Set-up In the lab test, the SRAW will be fired 30 separate times, with variables set at constants. Each test will be evaluated on a yes/no scale for missile launch, missile arm and target hit. In field test, with SRAW being fired 30 separate times. There will be variables within the criteria of target range, target course, and target speed. Each test will be evaluated on a yes/no scale for missile launch, missile arm and target hit.

A successful test will be defined as a positive missile launch and target hit being at a distance of ...

Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Abstract The intensive care unit in most hospitals plays the role of providing care to patients dealing with life-threatening conditions. The technological and other set ups in these hospital units are vital in ensuring that these patients continue to receive the best regarding care while with the intentions of having them emerge with desirable outcomes. There are however challenges relating to the care that these patients receive since, in most cases, they are usually under mechanical ventilation. A patient under this condition faces the risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia if the ventilators are not handled with the required care. ...

Abstract

The application of the rule of law as well as driving the use of the law towards the creation of a law abiding society is the limelight towards the creation of a society which does not condone crime and its sycophants. Enforcing law is one of the most effective mechanisms of controlling crime in any area. The use of the police as a law enforcement mechanism encourages peaceful coexistence within the society. The control of crime is usually a major step in discouraging crimes in communities. In the places where there are high cases of criminal cases reported, the ...

In the criminal justice department, courts system can best be defined as the system that is responsible for the application as well as interpretation of the law in addition to providing a dispute resolution mechanism. Through courts systems, justice is easily administered in a given state. The courts system are very essential in criminal justice as they ensure the law is adhered to in all situations and most important is that they ensure justice is carried out and avoid law breaking (Durant, 2015). The courts system is also highly responsible in the punishing of law breakers and offenders. There ...

Humanistic model claims that the knowledge, skills and abilities (competencies) are perceived not only as a learning objective, but also as a means of development and implementation of creative students. Humanistic pedagogy teaches relevant to each individual child as a value. It tends to be a so-called "free education”, so try to adjust to the type of egalitarian relations in the educational community and partner interaction style of senior and junior. The humanistic model of education focuses on the variability of educational programs and the implementation of individual educational trajectories. Humanistic understanding of education and training processes allows to ...

Prisons are vital in a society since it is part of the country’s criminal justice system. It plays crucial part in ensuring that offenders are brought to justice and that the rule of the law is upheld. It is general knowledge that the prisoners experience gross violations of their basic human rights. The traditional ideas about prisons include appalling suffering and maltreatment of prisoners. However, there are new principles that are applied today changed the environments of prisons. In the US, there are various reformations about prisons that looks upon the context of human rights. Reformation of the ...

Current Date

Answer 1 (4th option): Before Chomskyan Revolution, linguists focused on the description of the language (e.g., finding phonemes and morphemes for each language), but Chomsky claimed that all languages have a basic syntactic configuration that we are mentally hardwired to learn and use (McWhorter). Answer 2 (1st option): “Colorless green ideas sleep furiously” correctly follows all the syntactic rules in English, but not the semantic rules (McWhorter). Answer 3 (2nd option): Since children are aware of the hierarchical structure of the relative clause such as CP and VP (McWhorter). Answer 4 (4th option): Both Edward ...

Introduction

The state of California has been making major budgetary cuts across all sectors of government. However, these reductions have not been applied equally to the different sectors. Regarding discretionary spending, a couple of areas have had different treatment especially during times of recession. When the monetary aid for higher education was condensed by the state of California, it decided to increase state prisons’ funding to a great extent. Even though the mentioned governmental areas are not directly linked, the ever enormously increasing financing of prisons contrasted to the constantly decreasing education funding has raised concern among citizens. This paper ...

Questions

Question 1a

Ha: The mean for all the groups are different H0: µ1 = µ2 = µ3 = µ4

Ha: µ1 ≠ µ2 ≠ µ3 ≠µ4

Question 1b H02: µ1 = (µ2 +µ3 + µ4) H03: µ2 = (µ3 + µ4) H04: µ3 = µ4

Therefore:

H01: (0) µ1 + (0) µ2 + (0) µ3 + (0) µ4

H02: (1) µ1 – (1/3) µ2 - (1/3) µ3 - (1/3) µ4

H03: (0) µ1 + (1) µ2 - (1/2) µ3 - (1/2) µ4 H03: (0) µ1 + (0) µ2 + (1) µ3 - (1) µ4

Question 2

Property 1 H01: (0) + (0) + (0) + (0) = 0 H02: (1) – (1/3) - (1/3) - (1/3) = 0 H03: (0) + (1) - (1/2) - (1/2) = 0 H04: (0) + (0) + (1) - (1) = 0

Property 2

The sum of the product for the coefficients ...

Prison Funding vs. Education Funding

Introduction There is an increase in budget allocation in the prisons compared education spending. Both correction and education are vital for any state or country. It would be very hard for a country to survive without expenditure in prisons. As well, education is an essential need and speeds up the development of any country and therefore it is inevitable to survive without spending in schools. However, the budgets should be balanced. The will be achieved through mitigating the cases to reduce the criminals of the community. It will be a good step because the funds, which would otherwise be ...

The primary role of a district attorney in regards to community corrections is in whether or not it is will be part of a plea bargain agreement or, in the alternative, a sentence recommendation. For instance, a district attorney may agree to community correction provision in a plea bargain agreement, if the alleged criminal act was not serious or when the more effective action to resolving the case does not require incarceration. In such a circumstance, the district attorney could either recommend community corrections own their own volition or agree to a suggestion provided by defense counsel. Even in ...

Introduction

Power quality is an essential factor as far as performance of the electrical machines and equipment are concerned. Quality plays an integral role in ensuring reliability and satisfactory service by improving the transmission and distribution of electric power. In order to serve a huge section of the world with electrical power, quality is paramount in order to reduce losses during transmission and distribution. IEEE defines power quality as the deviation of current and voltage from the ideal to the actual realization. It factors in the concept of ensuring high standard powering and grounding of the electrical equipment for the ...

Introduction

The treatment for multitudes of diseases and disorders resulting from genetic reasons have been ambiguous since long as the only cure could be the correction of genes and DNA in the specific region. Gene therapy gave a promising horizon to the correction of such genetic defects whereby molecular tools are applied to reverse the mutation or any other changes in the DNA. The advancing biomedical research have offered several tools for gene therapy since last few decades that have been able to perform the desired roles but with one or the other limitations. Lately, CRISPR-Cas9 based tools for gene ...

The

ABSTRACT The underage offenders can not be treated as adult criminals. Children have more chances to change. A special court system for juveniles has created a service-delivery system that provides minors with education, guidance, and supervision. The courts for juveniles also differ from the ones for adults. Commonly, the juvenile courts are informal in order not to stress the child, but minors has still have less rights in the court than adults. Also children can be punished for the cases that are absolutely legal for adults, like possession of alcohol and tobacco and running away from home. Minors are ...

The sentencing of youths after trials to adult prison has continued in the United States for quite some time now with an estimated 250, 000 youths being incarcerated as adults and hence landing into Adult prison annually. This has been attributed to the changes in laws across forty-nine American states in the ‘90s that increase the number of youths being given adult trials. However, CDC (Center for Disease and Control) and the US Department of Justice stated in 2008 that sending minors to a criminal justice system that is specifically designed to handle adults does not reduce or protect ...

Abstract

Can female participation in the labor force contribute to economic growth? Is there a causal relationship between female participation in the labor force and economic growth? This paper addresses these questions using the vector error correction model. For this study, an annual time series data for the period 1970 to 2012 for the United States has been used. The results show that there exists a co-integration between female participation and GDP per capita, which is a proxy measure for economic development. The result does not support a two-way causality between the variables. However, a causality running from GDP per ...

Introduction

The Tulip Mania that took place between 1636 and 1637 is one of the earliest recorded financial bubbles (Veen, 2012). While there is no universally accepted definition of a financial bubble, the term financial bubble is used to refer to a situation where an asset price exceeds the asset intrinsic value, or the value that could be earned by holding the asset to maturity for an extended period of time (The Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, 2012). The Tulip Mania fits the description of a financial bubble because at its height, the price of some tulip bulbs exceeded the ...

Irrespective of the history of an adopted child, responsive parenting is vital to a secure loving relationship and the essentials to a loving and health family attachment are the same whether a kid has been adopted or born into a family. Many parents become worried when a young child comes to them with a history of having lost their loving caregiver at their orphanage as they wonder if the child will form a strong attachment with them. Additionally, the issue with the development of the child is also of concern as parents’ worry of the health, education, emotional behaviour, ...

Alfredo Albondigas is obviously a mentally disturbed man. The inmate could be suffering from psychosis or other related psychological disorders. The mental imbalance might have been brought about by drug and substance abuse. With the known prison background and environment, use of drugs such as Marijuana, heroin, crystal methyl, LSD and others is rampant. Alternatively, Mr. Albondingas might be suffering from acute depression leading to the meltdown. Mental disturbance from the environmental effects of prison trauma and stress could induce delirious hallucinations. Other possible mental states that could be influencing the behavior could be Peduncular hallucinosis and primarily schizophrenia. ...

The use of collinearity in imaging is a very versatile technique for image correction. The process is applicable in taking of picture using sensors from above the ground. The science behind the process is helping in converting several images taken into an orthographic image format. The camera does a transformation to a 3 x 3 matrix system which removes relief from the picture and making it machine readable. This form of change does its conversations within the ranges of changes in the X Y and Z axes of telemetry (Han, Guo, and Chou 313-316). The imaging dimensions taken have ...

The most crucial part of correcting non-speakers is by starting with the understanding that they are learning, and it is a process that has to take time for them to become conversant with the language. It is significant for them to take it step by step. Learning few words at a time, then moving on to phrases. Keep the sentences as brief as possible to avoid getting lost on what to say next. Learning, in this case, is not just about speech but also an adjustment to a new culture. The teacher does not just start teaching. They need ...

1. Apply Behavior Modification to change Luke's behavior to what you would think is appropriate from your perspective. Luke is suffering from lack of attention and concentration in doing his work. Besides, he is addicted to using tobacco which may also make him have a withdrawal syndrome that might accelerate his lack of concentration. Use of reinforcement is one way through which behavior modification can assist Luke to change his behavior. It is worth noting that Luke needs more encouragement in his work to help him develop the interest and the passion to perform his duties and responsibilities without ...

Final Project - Intervention

The childhood obesity is the risk of many pathological conditions in the body. This obesity is a medical problem and it is caused by a number of factors, including a sedentary lifestyle, prolonged stay at the TV and computer, the presence in the sale of cheap but unhealthy foods (pop-food). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) the cause of childhood obesity is the excessive intake of calories and a lack of physical activity (1). Thus, most often obesity occurs due to the overeating and the disorders of energy’s consumption control. The treatment should be ...

Introduction

The Massachusetts Correction Institute in Concord for men will be used as an example for this research. People in the society need to feel protected and secured in their homes. This fact is what causes the government to formulate security measures such as the correctional institutions that will be used to punish and rehabilitate criminals. In order to understand the topic of correction and punishment, it is crucial that one should be able to define their meanings. The word correction has many different meanings. However, in the criminal justice system correction is described as the rectification of one's behaviors. ...

In the Case of Dudley Lee v Minister for Correctional Services, the issue on causation and the unlimited liability of the state has been invoked in the arguments that led to the decision of the Constitutional Court to overturn the Supreme Court of Appeal ruling that discharges the respondent Minister for Correctional Services from tort liability. As can be gleaned from the facts of the case, plaintiff Lee was arrested for various charges that led to his detainment in prison for more than four years. He contracted pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) while confined in ...

A brief account of the patient/client assessment

Drug misuse within state prisons has persistently been a major problem for the healthcare personnel. The treatment of misusers within these units is however a challenge for those concerned and this is attributed to a host of factors which dependently or independently leads to fragmented measures of managing this population. These challenges range from the vulnerability of the prisoners to self-harm and suicide cases while in prison; the occurrence of death upon serving their term due to intentional or accidental opiate overdose; the lacking measures of counseling as part of an integrated withdrawal system; the non-adherence to national and ...

Background

This case examines the political reasons and bargaining that goes into a decision to build a prison. There are many factors that go into play before the decision is made and many are political because of the money and employment capabilities that prisons bring to the community.

Key Issues

One of the issues is the logistics of the facility. The original plans called for the building on a federally protected watershed. The need though was multifold for the economic boast that a prison would bring to this rural area. So attempts to redistrict this area would be possible.

The numbers of women in prison were growing and in the state the other prisons were overcrowded.

A third component ...

Slide 1

The title of my presentation is “Functions of Management”. Slide 2 Management can be described as a social process that involves responsibility for effective and economic planning and regulation of a company in the fulfillment of certain purposes. It a dynamic process and consists of various activities and elements. These activities differ from operative functions such as finance, marketing, purchase, etc., but they are common to every manager regardless of his status or level. Numerous researchers have classified functions of management in a different way. According to Fayol, for example, there are four functions, but the most accepted are ...

Retributive rationale and Utilitarian Rationale

In retributive rationale, the idea of retribution is to ensure that an act of wrong is balanced in the form of punishment inflicted on the offender (Blackburn, Fowler and Pollock, 2012). It is important to note that retribution does not involve a revenge mission as the people giving the punishment have been given the authority to do so by law. The process of deciding the punishment to be done on the offender requires a certain specific procedure to be followed (Blackburn, Fowler and Pollock, 2012). The victim cannot be granted the power to provide punishment for the offender as ...

Introduction

The discovery of heat loss is a crucial factor in infrastructure maintenance. It is this, essential to map the temperature of the inhabited areas within the Northeastern region of the United States. This is achievable by use of an aerial thermal imagery. The camera having high-resolution facilitates to check the surface temperature of the area.

How to Obtain Thermal Imagery

Aircraft mission planning is attainable via the remote sensing program. Perpendicular photographs are captured through aiming the camera facing the earth surface. The features and objects on the ground can sometimes be challenging to recognize from the manner they are displayed on the photos1

Information Necessary

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