Essays on Bloodstream

Summary: APSIC Guide for prevention of Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLASBI)

The recommendations provided for insertion are optimal site selection, hand hygiene, alcohol based chlorhexidine skin preparation and maximum barrier precautions (Ling et al 2016). It is important to know the proper catheter infection site because it can affect the risk of infection and phlebitis. It is preferred to use subclavian site for adult patients. Hand hygiene is also important because it provides protection before the catheter insertion and maintenance. There should be proper aesthetic technique. Alcohol based chlorhexhidine in skin preparation is the standard procedure used in central and peripheral venous catheters. Lastly, maximum barrier precautions must be done ...

Introduction

The Ebola virus has existed for centuries. Like all life forms and viruses, it has been changing and adapting since the beginning of time to survive. Despite this the disease did not make itself known until the twentieth century. However, once the virus revealed itself only three major outbreaks have occurred. There were two in 1976 and one which took started in 2014 (CDC, 2015). The latest outbreak has been the longest and worst, effecting numerous countries such as, Mali, Nigeria, Liberia and Senegal in West Africa (CDC, 2015). This paper will look at the scientific aspects of the ...

[Author Name] [Author Affiliation] [Author’s notes with more information about affiliations, financial obligations, conflicts of interest and how to contact] It has been estimated that 26 million Americans suffer from asthma symptoms, attributing to the majority of work- and school-related absences across the country (ACAAI, 2014). The American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology defines asthma as, “a chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways in the lungs” (ACAAI, 20014). This causes difficulty in breathing, termed asthma, and may lead to life-threatening consequences. The lungs allow air in and out by a network of airways, called ...

2A. Appraising Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Quantitative Study One source of bias during data collection is the use of self-report data (Polit & Beck 2012). Chivers et al. (2001) obtained data through the SF-36 and Beck depression inventory which required the patients to answer questionnaires. If they failed to give accurate answers, it would have affected the validity of the findings. The study design also allowed patients to receive other clinically appropriate treatments that were beyond the study protocol (Chivers et al. 2001). Additional treatments are confounding variables but their influence on the study outcomes was not estimated in the statistical analysis. This reduces confidence in ...

Immune System

(Author, Department, University,

Immune System

Introduction

The human immune system is a complex system consisting of a network of numerous cells and cell types, tissues, and organs working together to defend the human body from foreign bodies such as invading microorganisms, infections, and tumors, while ignoring the normal working and healthy parts of the body.

Discussion

Working of the immune system The immune system has different ways of identifying problems, communicating with other cells, and performing their activities. The immune system has the ability to distinguish healthy cells from unhealthy cells as it can recognize a number of different “danger” cues ...

1. There are several components to the physical examination. Initially, the patients will have their vitals accesses (heart rate, temperature, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation) This will give the physician an overall picture of the status of the patient. Next, the doctor will consider the general appearance of the patient, noting any abnormalities. After the general appearance, the physician will assess each organ system (cardiovascular, pulmonary, GI, integument, etc.) individually. To evaluate each system, the physician will first inspect the system for any abnormalities. After the inspection is auscultation where, if applicable, the physician will use a ...

Endogenous opportunist Candida parapsilosis

The baby boy, Tim was prematurely born that means he had weakened immune system when he got an ear infection. During the investigation of ear infection course, it was found that baby Tim received fungal infection that may have entered the neonate during the IV insertions while earlier treatments. The gram stained blood cultures have exhibited that the pathogen was Candida parapsilosis which is an endogenous commensal flora. The further tests including CHROM-agar showed a white colony consisting of pseudohyphae confirming the presence of Candida parapsilosis. It lives on the healthy human skin. Moreover, this commensal flora is an ...

Infections in hospital settings are a challenge in nursing because of the potential dangers that they pose to a wide number of patients. Bloodstream infections from central lines are particularly hazardous as they affect patients that are already vulnerable, meaning that they contribute to morbidity and mortality in the hospital setting (Rinke et al., 2012). Although the rates of central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) can be reduced by up to 67% through the introduction of checklists (Schulman et al., 2011), the issue continues to be important in a wide number of hospital settings. It is also important to understand the ...

Crohn’s Disease is a chronic condition grouped under Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) which causes inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract especially at the beginning of the colon and the end of the ileum. It can also affect the entire thickness of the bowel wall. This disease is usually manifested in symptoms such as: persistent diarrhoea, rectal bleeding, urgent need to move bowels, altered taste sensation, loss of appetite, sweating at nightime, fever, loss of appetite, sensation of incomplete evacuation of stool, constipation and in women, loss of normal menses (Greenstein p.400). Apart from medication, the disease is also treated ...

NR451 RN Capstone Course

Term and Year Eliminating CLABSIs Through Specialized IV Care Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are a major area of concern for inpatient care, resulting in thousands of deaths, and billions of dollars in preventable medical cost per year (CDC, 2016). As such, it is important, both with regard to medical responsibility, and with regard to controlling the cost and effectiveness of healthcare to implement policies and procedures that fully prevent, or meaningfully reduce the incidence of CLABSIs in the clinical setting. One means of doing so is to establish specialized IV teams to manage and control central lines, in ...

Part A

Hospital Acquired Infections Health care system is a very dynamic field that changes periodically; the practices that were deemed to be the most effective a decade ago may be rendered less useful or obsolete in the present day care. The changes are basically due to changes in patient needs, the emergence of new technologies, improved science research findings that develop new care methods as well as changes in healthcare policies and regulations. For example in the United States, the increase in the size of an aging population means an increase in number of patients that will suffer from chronic ...

(Author Name) (Course Name/Number) When a person consumes alcohol, the first thing that happens is that it is processed through the stomach and small intestines. It then enters the bloodstream and subsequently reaches your heart and brain. It also affects your tissues, muscles, and nervous system. Besides the physiological effects that alcohol has on its way through your body, it also interrupts your cognitive abilities, which is why alcohol doesn’t mix well with driving, operating machinery, or really any action that requires logical thinking. These temporary effects may feel sensational at first, but overuse can lead to prolonged ...

Abstract

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, central line-associated bloodstream infections lead to the deaths of thousands of people every year in the United States. These infections actually represent about 10% of all hospital-acquired infections translating to about 71, 900 infections per year in US hospitals. Also, this condition adds billions of dollars to the total health care system costs. However, these infections are actually preventable. This paper analyzes literature related to this topic and tries to establish the best method for solving the problem of central line-associated bloodstream infections. The paper suggests the standardization of central ...

Lipid soluble hormones have a steroid structure. They are insoluble in blood plasma hence they travel via the bloodstream, attached to water soluble proteins. On reaching the destined cell, through diffusion, they act on the cell’s internal receptors (Cefalu, & Pardridge, 2014)). An example of such is the androgen hormone, produced by the males’ testes for the stimulation of sperm production and development, and maintenance of their sexual behavior and characteristics. Water soluble hormones, on the other hand, have a peptide and amino acid-based structure. They are water soluble and freely travel in the bloodstream. However, they are unable ...

Liver is the largest ‘gland’ of the digestive system. It is located right under the dome of the diaphragm, coated by the capsule. It is distinguished the liver’s convex upper surface adjacent to the diaphragm, and a lower, downwardly facing and in contact with the back and abdominal organs. On the part of the upper surface of the liver it can be seen its right and left lobes, the boundary of which is the crescent liver ligament. To the lower surface of the right lobe there is a gallbladder, close to the deep groove of the liver there ...

Homeostasis refers to any self-regulating process by which biological systems attempt to maintain stability despite changes in the external and internal environment (Sturmberg & Martin, 2013). Biological systems interact with each other to maintain a suitable condition of the internal environment for the survival of the living organism. The biological systems of the living organism are in a state of constant change. The regulation of the systems within a given range of various conditions helps to keep the living organisms alive and healthy. The systems also interact with the external environment in different ways. The conditions of the external environment ...

Introducing the Microorganism

Candida albicans is a human microbiome member. It is opportunistic in nature and exists as a non- harmful resident of the genitourinary tract in 70% and of oral cavity in 75% of humans. It has shown opportunistic behaviour leading to infections in case of individuals whose immune system is compromised (immunocompromised). C. albicans is mainly responsible for 2 types of infection: superficial candidiasis like vulvovaginal or oral infections and systemic life-threatening infections. C. albicans has been observed to cause vulvovaginal candidiasis in approximately 75% of women. C. albicans is an obligate and diploid organism possessing 8 pairs of chromosomes, ...

The process of inhalation or inspiration can be explained simply by the intake of air. In some cases, this process is further described as the transfer of the oxygen to the bloodstream and then to the blood cells. Further, this is followed by the release of the carbon dioxide from the cells to the bloodstream and pumping it to the lungs, from where the waste carbon dioxide is expelled to the environment. The oxygen enters into the body from the outside environments through inspiration. This process of inspiration includes the contraction of the diaphragm along with the internal and ...

Rhabdomyolysis

Introduction In normal conditions, muscles grow when certain activities cause the muscle fibers to become damaged and then subsequently regrown and developed through a series of cellular process. This activity occurs during the body is at rest. In other words, the continuous breakdown is normal for growing muscles as it allows them to become bigger through the introduction of myrofibrils, or muscle fibers. However, there is a condition when the muscle fibers break down rapidly due to a number of reasons, and then they do not regrow at a corresponding rate. This condition is known in medical circles as ...

Introduction:

Long have it known that oil has been one the most important commodity in the world. In fact, the rise and fall of the price of oil and gas in the market dictates the global economy. Oil as a major factor in the global aspect, has been the root cause for most of the world history’s political strife, wars, hostilities, and cause of economic downfall, such as the great depression. Oil is also one of the bases for the country’s economic status, putting those sources of conventional oils on the pedestal and on the more advantaged stage ...

Abstract

In today's world, there are hundreds of developments that are taking place in medicine and nursing. These advances are made possible through thorough research and verifications using clinical projects. The steps in propelling forward the field of medicine are made upon identification of an individual problem that gives researchers a basis for their research, or rather a problem statement. One of the problems that have been identified is the CLABSI (Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infections). Many patients suffer severe infections that arise during treatment of an initial infection. Most of these infections, especially when not handled appropriately lead ...

Introduction and Overview

The Rhesus factor (Rh) refers to the red blood cell’s(RBC) surface antigen;the name Rhesus comes from the small Indian monkeys in which it was first discovered. Rh incompatibility,sometimes referred to as Rh disease, is a condition that occurs when a woman with the Rh-negative blood type is exposed to Rh- positive blood cells, leading to the development of Rh antibodies. This condition can have fatal outcomes including haemolytic disease of the foetus or newborn, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and haemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs). These conditions have, in the past, raised a lot of concerns, and some ...