Essays on Urban II

Group A. Q1 Christianity and Islam in Spain

The crusades were religious and politically motivated wars that were dominated the 1096-1291 with the aim of controlling the holy land Jerusalem. In the first crusade, (1096-1102) initiated by pope Urban II was aimed at helping the Christian Byzantine empire which had been invaded by the Muslim Seljuk Turks. In this crusade, the Europeans were able to capture Jerusalem in 1099. This led to the merging of various Muslim faction against the Christians forces which had occupied the holy land. However, in 1291, the Muslims were able to control Jerusalem and parts of the coastal areas, which they controlled ...

What four (4) reasons do Davis et al. give for the Christian Crusades against the Muslim Empire that contradict how they are "often portrayed" (1371)?

The Christian knights had united to help Constantinople with a concealed agenda of recovering Jerusalem and occupying it.

The Christians started a “holy war” that was a retaliation against the Muslims conquest in the region The Christians eventually settled and lived amongst Muslims after they found a way to live together. The crusades helped the Papacy assert in Muslim and other religious and secular groups while assisting kings to expand and consolidate their authority. What evidence is there to be found in "Pope Urban II's Call to the First Crusade" (1379-81) ...

Council of Clermont was a church assembly, which was called by Pope Urban II in the French city of Clermont in 1095 to address church administrative and political issues. At the end of this meeting Urban II made a spirited speech, the results of which had a great influence on the whole European history. Although there is no accurate record of the words of the Pope, some versions of the contemporaries remained that can provide approximate interpretations of what was said during this assembly. The goal of this paper is to analyze these historical accounts and show the significance ...

The first crusade was an event launched by Pope Urban II and it started a series of crusades that were meant to recapture what was known as the Holy lands. Marcus Bull presents the first crusade as a pilgrimage even though the Crusaders carried weapons. The crusade later turned into a military expedition perpetrated by Roman Catholic. In the study of the writings of the first crusade, Bull brings out the different authors’ perspectives about the actions of the crusaders and their motivation. For example, Susanna Throop refers to the crusades as a means to commit vengeance on the ...

The First Crusade was organized in 1096 by the decision of Pope Urban II at the request of Byzantine Emperor Alexius I with the aim of helping the Eastern Christians in the defense of Anatolia (Asia Minor) from the onset of the Seljuks. During the campaign, further objective turned out to be the liberation of the holy city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslims. Initially, the Pope`s appeal was addressed only to the French knights, but, later, the Crusade turned into a full-scale military campaign, and its idea spread to all the Christian states of ...