Essays on Adjuvants

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Question 1: Pathophysiology of Mr. Jensen’s post-operative hypovolemia

Hypovolemia is a surgical condition that indicates the rapid fluid loss that may result in organ failures. The outcomes of the hypovolemia are mostly due to insufficient circulating volume or scarce perfusion. Often hypovolemia is secondary to hemorrhage the reason of which includes severe internal or external blood loss and GI, thoracic and abdominal bleeding maladies (Devitt, 2001). Hypovolemia involves significant fluid loss other than blood that can be further accompanied by refractory gastroenteritis and widespread burns. Hypovolemia may develop in post-surgical incidence, bone fracture, due to ...

Literature review

Kaasa, S. (2015). Is Cancer Pain Control Improved by a Simple WHO Pain Analgesic Ladder Approach Combined With Tumor-Directed Treatment?.Journal of Clinical Oncology, JCO647537.

Article summary

This article takes into consideration the role that the WHO analgesic ladder plays in addressing cancer pain in palliative care patients. The authors identify that cancer pain occurs in 90% of cancer patients but only half them are under proper pain management. To this effect, therefore, there is the need for applying opioids under the WHO ladder guidelines as a way of addressing cancer pain in oncology care patients.

This is a narrative qualitative research ...