Pain: State in which the individual experiences and communicates the presence of severe discomfort or an uncomfortable feeling.
Related factors: Pain resulting from musculoskeletal disorder; in this case, osteoarthritis; immobility
Features: Verbal communication of pain descriptors, level 8-9 pain reported by patient
Evidence: Mrs. Hardy experiences great knee pain when climbing stairs, a symptom associated with her osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis cannot be cured, but pain can be controlled.
The primary client-centred goal for Mrs. Hardy is pain management (Bijlsma, Berenbaum and Lafeber, 2011). Expected measurable outcome is that Mrs. Hardy will experience relief of pain as evidenced by Mrs. Hardy’s ...
