Essays on Esbensen

Research Paper

Abstract The youth is the most at-risk group in terms of gang membership nowadays. It has been found in several studies that gang involvement largely appeal to adolescents, especially those living in poor neighborhoods, estranged or alienated in schools, and in conflict with police authorities or the larger criminal justice system. Researchers reported that the youth turns to gangs to compensate for their lack of adequate and proper socialization. Large communities, or areas with sizable populations, have serious gang-related problems. This paper discusses existing empirical studies on gang formation, membership, and violence. There is a considerable dearth of studies ...

(Institute/University/College)

Introduction

In the study of Freng (2001), the factors of racial background as well as ethnic origins have long found an association with criminal conduct. Even from the years that slavery was practiced in the United States, debates and arguments on the inordinate representation of minorities either in conflict or in the custody of one element of the criminal justice system have been proffered as to whether this overrepresentation is the result of bigoted policies being implemented by the authorities or are these instances only proffer that these minorities are genetically inclined towards criminal conduct. In addition, since ethnic ...

Most people realize that quality of life is improved with there are friends and family for support, feedback, and entertainment. As the lifestyles of many become more hectic and centered on careers and technology, consciously creating social connections may fall fairly low on the list of priorities. However, recent studies indicate that ties to other people not related to material gain are one of the most influential factors for predicting longevity, health, and happiness (Leung, Kier, Fung, Fung & Sproule, 2010; Rodríguez-Pose & von Berlepsch, 2013). Aside from the self-perception of being happy, there are other benefits attributed to the ...

[Author’s Name] [Institutional Affiliation] The measurement of crime is done with the objective of monitoring and this is mostly done in the same manner as the measurement of “consumer prices, stock market activity, traffic fatalities, population, unemployment, and HIV infection rates” (Maxfield & Babbie, 2011). However, much more is done in measuring the crime instead of just counting things. An assortment of societal, fiscal, geographic, and medical concerns is measured for keeping a record of communal and monetary conditions, population size, age distribution and hazards to physical well-being of the people. Similarly, crime measurement has the main concern ...