Essays on Renal Pelvis

Why does she have bacteria and white blood cell casts in her urine?

In this case, Ms, Cornwall has focal bacterial infection of her calyces, medulla and renal pelvis. The presence of these bacterial and their invasion within the mentioned parts causes a body response to defend against the invasion. This occurs though a trigger of the inflammatory mediators and other body defense mechanism in this case the white blood cells. With the white blood cells now dominating the region of infection, there occurs a systematic abscess formation and necrosis within the medulla (Alexander et al., 2012). At this point, the next step that could occur is the scar tissue formation which ...

Stone Formation in the Kidney/ Role of Citrate in the Kidneys

Kidney stones are calcified or solidified molecules taking place in the upper urinary tract and the kidney. Kidney stones are usually composed of calcium as oxalate, phosphate, or carbonate. Stone formation in the kidney happens when the amount of mineral salts in the urine becomes saturated, during which the mineral will automatically crystallize (Rao et al., 2011). Stone formation is further facilitated by increasing amount of calcium in urine and dehydration. High levels of calcium in urine can indicate kidney disorder, prolonged incapacitation, hyperthyroidism or overactive thyroid, excessive intake of milk or aluminum and vitamin D. Stone formation in ...