Lifelong Learning in the United States and Japan
Lifelong learning is a concept that emerged in the 1960s after intellectual radical student movements demanded new modes of education that encourage pluralism, diversity, and individual freedom (Young & Rosenberg, 2006). According to the Commission of the European Community, the concept embodies formal learning, informal learning, and non-formal learning. Formal learning is carried out in recognized educational and training settings and results in the acquisition of legally recognized academic qualifications. Nonformal learning takes place where one works or within the activities of civil societies or organizations and one does not get legally recognized qualifications. Informal learning occurs as a consequence ...
