Political Parties Literature Reviews Samples For Students

Introduction

Contemporary studies view parties as alliances of politicians whose ultimate objective is to win electoral office. Parties make promises on behalf of their candidates about what they will do if elected, and help improve chances of reelection for incumbents through their records of implementing their programs (Bawn et al. 571). It is plain to see how these parties might serve democracy. Citizens can give more effective direction to government by voting for a party instead of an individual. They create an incentive for responsible governance by holding an entire party rather than a single politician accountable for government actions (Bawn et ...

Question 1

Descriptive representation; this is the degree to which a representative bear a resemblance to those he/she represents such that they share similar characteristics like race, ethnicity, sex or residence. Some research questions that can be analyzed in this category are whether the representative has common interest, share common experiences or look like those they represent.

Symbolic representation: this is where the leader stands for the national ideas or the ways that a representative stands for the represented and has meaning to those he/she represents. The main research question is what kind of response is invoked by the representative in those being represented?
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Institutional of Affiliation

Chun-Ping Changa and Chien-Chiang Lee research to identify whether presidential approval varies with the economic performance of a country have found out that people approve more of regimes as their economic performance is. This nonlinear relationship identifies that presidents whom the economy performs best when they are in power will receive more approval than those who the economy goes downhill. Due to the recent unemployment rates and recession and raising debts of Americans President Barack Obama popularity had been going downhill, the little unpredictability of the economy results to quick reaction from Americans than any other incident. Voters have ...

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The Communist Party of China overthrew imperialism, capitalism, and feudalism, and ultimately won the new-democratic revolution and established the People’s Republic of China. Through this, the socialist transformation of the private ownership through production was accomplished, exploitation was abolished, and the socialist system was eventually established. The Chinese constitution states that all power belongs to the people and that the state provides protection to the interests and lawful rights of the minorities and develops and upholds the relationship of unity, equality, and shared assistance among all people in China. Discrimination and oppression are prohibited including ...

The complete failure of the Arab nations to form a national narrative for the purpose of unification and the establishment of contemporary egalitarian polities happens to be the primary cause behind the ongoing socio-political explosion in the Arab world in recent times. Unity is no longer the major goal and the construction of a society that is capable of mobilizing its resources to combat backwardness and enhance the financial condition of the state has taken a backseat. The elite class has instead tried to enforce a brand of unity via Islam and Arab nationalism that has alienated portions of the population not present ...

Many of the great innovations in history have come about when a pair of friends, meeting in high school or college, had a paradigm-shifting idea together and then decided to bring that idea to the marketplace. In recent decades, one of the most well-known examples was the creation of Apple, a computer company that began in a garage, as a collaboration between Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, and has revolutionized the cell phone, music listening and tablet computing industries. However, these sorts of partnerships are nothing new, as The Spectator shows. Founded in 1711 by Charterhouse School chums Joseph Addison and Richard Steele, this ...

Electoral College

The Electoral College is a constitutional electoral institution judged with the responsibility of electing the President and Vice-president. The Electoral College was established in the United State’s Constitution in 1798, when the country was facing political challenges of this time. The Electoral College was established principally because of the possibility of elections in the country degenerating into violence and chaos. The electoral institution was meant to thwart the politically charged environment of the late 18th century. The Electoral College also served to balance between the interests of the government and citizens during an electoral process (Honaker, 2009). Therefore the ...