Essays on Chemical Oxygen Demand

Introduction

There are environmental chemical processes which require light to react. These processes are called photochemical reactions. Photochemical reaction is commonly initiated due to the absorption of solar energy or light. When molecules absorb energy in the form of light, the atoms are converted in a transient excited state (Larson & Weber, 1994). This transition state or excited has completely different physical and chemical properties with the initial state of the molecule. The excited states also have more tendencies to react since they are considered stronger acids and stronger reductants that the initial state of the molecule. The excited state of ...

Water Contaminants from Pharmaceuticals and Chemical Industries

Water Contaminants from Pharmaceuticals and Chemical Industries

Abstract

In industrial processes, the generation of waste waters is unavoidable sometimes. It is therefore important to develop process for decontaminating this water. The treatment of toxic effluent that contains pharmaceutical and industrial chemicals cannot be satisfactorily attained through the use of conventional processes. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) have been very vital and successful in their application to degrade these toxic compounds found in water. The high generation of extremely powerful oxidizing agent like the hydroxyl radical forms the back bone of the AOPs. This method is capable of destroying organic compounds until ...