Essays on Perineum

Pain Management for the Obstetric Patient

Pain is subjective and individual responses to pain vary. The response of every client to labor pain is also unique. Perception and expression of labor pain is influenced by a number of factors. These factors include cultural factors, individual pain tolerance, anxiety, level of education, attitudes of the client towards pregnancy, age, and parity. Management of labor pain is a key goal of intrapartum care (Simkin, Lockwood, Eckler, & Klein, 2014). This paper will discuss pain management for the obstetric patient. It consists of two parts. The first part will focus on the causes and management options for pain and discomfort during ...

Pregnancy and childbirth is the most important period in a woman’s life. In a menstrual cycle that is normal for a person and has the duration of 28 days the release of an egg called ovulation generally takes place in the range between the 12th and 14th days of the cycle. Egg must be fertilized in the fallopian tube not later than 24 hours after that, or it dies and dissolves. Pregnancy on average lasts for 280 days if we count from the first day of the last menstrual period and 266 days from the time of ovulation. To calculate ...

Postpartum Hemorrhage

Introduction Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a significantly life-threatening complication that can occur after both vaginal and caesarean births (Ricci & Kyle, 2009). Simpson and Creehan (2008) define PPH as the amount of blood loss after vaginal birth, usually more than 500mL, or after a caesarean birth, normally more than 1000mL. However, the definition is arbitrary, attributed to the fact that loss of blood during birth is intuitive and widely inaccurate (Ricci & Kyle, 2009). In line with this, studies have suggested that health care providers consistently underestimate actual blood loss, thus, an objective definition of PPH would be any amount of bleeding ...