I. UNDERSTANDING THE DISEASE AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1. How is acid produced and controlled within the gastrointestinal tract?
The production of acid occurs in the stomach by cells that are therein. The cells found in the stomach produce intrinsic factors and hydrochloric acid. There are chemical messengers that help during the activity. They are histamine, gastrin and acetylcholine. Gastrin helps in stimulating the cells to produce secretions when food enters the stomach. An enzyme somatostatin inhibits the secretions when needed. The digestion takes place in three phases; the cephalic phase, gastric phase and the intestinal phase. It is in the ...
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Biology of Disease
Mode of action of;-
Dexamethasone
The Glucocorticoid receptors are discovered intracellularly in all tissues. They enter cells through inactive dispersion and structure a complex with a receptor protein (Rhodes & Hartnoll, 2002, P.10). This intricate then experiences an irreversible enactment and enters the cell core, where it ties to the DNA, hence prompting organic impacts instigated by these hormones, which include expanded hepatic gluconeogenesis, as well as expanded lipolysis (Ahmed, 2007, P.13).
Dexamethasone is utilized to treat numerous provocative and immune system conditions, for example, rheumatoid joint pain and bronchospasm. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, an abatement in quantities of ...
Central serous retinopathy (CSR), also known as central serous chorioretinopathy, is characterized by separation of the two major layers of the retina (the innermost layer of the eye): the inner neurosensory layer (which contains cells that transmit electrical impulses to the occipital lobe) and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) (the outer layer of the retina that contains the photoreceptor [light-receiving] cells). The mechanism of this condition is leakage of serous (serum-like) fluid from a portion of the choroid (the layer of the eye just outside the retina) called the choriocapillaris (a network of small blood vessels located in that portion ...
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