Essays on Citric Acid

Report for Voltaic Cell Project (Lemon)

The purpose of the experiment is to demonstrate the production of electricity through the use of Zinc, Copper and Lemon. The experiment explores the electrochemical reactions that take place between the two metals in the presence of citric acid provided by the lemon to generate electricity. It highlights the oxidation and reduction reactions that occur within the lemon battery before electrons are released to generate electricity.

Background

The electrochemical reaction that occurs to generate electricity from chemical energy takes place between tow metal pieces, known as the electrodes, and a liquid known as the electrolyte. It is imperative that the ...

Cellular respiration equation:

C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+38ATP. Glucose+Oxygen→Carbon dioxide+Water+38ATP.

Photosynthesis equation:

6CO2+6H2O+sunlight, nutrients→C6H12O6+6O2. Carbon dioxide+Water→Glucose+Oxygen. Respiration and photosynthesis are opposite processes. It means that products of cellular respiration are reactants of photosynthesis and vice versa: the products of photosynthesis are reactants for cellular respiration. It is known that plants are autotrophs. Thus, they have to realize cellular respiration because they need energy for their existence. Due to cellular respiration, they receive energy, which is used to make organic compounds (glucose) and oxygen during photosynthesis. From the other side, people are heterotrophs. They ...

Introduction

The kinetic characteristics are important for the design of chemical engineering processes. They allow assessing the time required for the reaction and choosing the temperature range suitable for the reaction. The reaction path is observed by measurments the transmittance of the Crystal Violet solution that reacts with sodium hydroxide. The concentration, and the color of the solution changes with the reaction flow, and this is measured by the spectrophotometer.

The data are plotted as concentration - time and logarithm concentration time, and the reaction rate is:

Rate = [Crystal Violet] [Sodium Hydroxide]. Using the excess concentration of one of the reagents, the reaction rate with respect to the other reagent is found from logarithmic plot (Rahul & Chakrabarti ...

Abstract

Lemons have a lot of electrolytes, in form of citric acid. This acid assists in breaking down the atomic configuration of the copper and zinc plates that is placed in the lemon during such an experiment. Once the copper and zinc has been broken down, electrons are liberated. The copper and zinc then become electrodes. Electrodes permit the electrons to flow liberally through them. These free electrons habitually flow from negative electrode to positive one. In this experiment the copper is the positive electrode and the zinc is the negative. The movement of these electrons are computed in the lighting ...