Essays on Neural Crest

Congenital Heart Valve Disease

The congenital heart disease refers to the defects in the functioning and structure of the heart that occur during conception, and is said to take place somewhere between the 3rd and 10th week of pregnancy. According to research, the prevalence of Congenital Heart Disease may vary from about 4 to 10 for every 1,000 live births. It was noted that the frequency of the disease increased as more adults are diagnosed to be suffering from critical CHD from 1985 until 2000, where there are almost equal cases in the number of adults and children who are detected to ...

Abstract

Bones are formed through a process known as osteogenesis from three different lineages. This process takes place through two different methods, which are intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. A large increment in bone mass takes place in childhood, as well as puberty, through the formation of endochondral bone. At this point, growth hormones are known to play a role. This paper will focus on the process of cartilage and bone formation and the stimulation of bone formation by the growth hormone. There are a number of factors that regulate the formation of bone, while growth hormone affects a number of factors related to ...

The anatomy and physiology of the periodontium in humans will be described in details as regards to the relationship which exist between the natural dentition, jaws and the oral environment. Science has helped to explore different aspects of the tissues that make up the periodontium which are the gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. These structures all work together to make a strong supporting apparatus for the teeth that is either in function or in occlusion. The main other function of the periodontium apart from supporting the teeth is to protect and provide nourishment to the teeth. The tissues ...