Essays on Malformation

Understanding Cleft Palate

Thesis Statement: Recently, cases of cleft palate cases are reported to be increasing. Parents in all part of the world can be worried about facial deformation that results from cleft palate more so if they do not have a good understanding of what cleft palate is. However, the deformities, just like a lot of congenital defects can be managed to make it plausible for patients to lead a normal life.

Search strategy and evaluation of resources:

Cleft palate and other facial malformation can be so detrimental to a child in many different ways. However, the author alludes that the invention of many fascinating clinical interventional ...

Headache is a common complaint that afflicts most of the adult population at some point in their lives (Hainer & Matheson, 2013). Headaches are by and large a subjective phenomenon with few objectively measurable factors (McMurtray & Saito, 2014). Most headaches will be the benign, but a small percentage will indicate an underlying neurologic or systemic pathology (Hainer & Matheson, 2013). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the chief complaint, “I have headaches or a headache.” The paper will discuss the objective and subjective data that needs to be collected, headache triggers and drug treatments, and the health promotion strategies ...

Chiari malformation is a disease of central nervous system, which affects the position of the cerebellar tonsils. It was named after the Austrian scientist Hans Chiari, who described this condition in the 1891 (Schijman, 2004). The pathoanatomic basis of this disorder is the inferior position of the cerebellum and brainstem comparatively to the anatomic standard. In a healthy person, cerebellar tonsils are located above the foramen magnum in the postcranial fossa. Due to this disorder, they are dislocated to the level of the first or second vertebra. Normally cerebrospinal fluid is constantly circulating through the cavities in the brain. ...

Description

Townes-Brockes syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by deformities in several parts of the body. Obstruction or lack of anal opening (imperforate anus) misshapen ears, and malformation of the hand—usually the thumb. People diagnosed with the syndrome usually display at least three of these characteristics. People with the syndrome may also have kidney abnormalities, some degree of hearing loss, heart defects, and genital deformities. The combination of the symptoms may vary by individual. Although it is not really a characteristic of the syndrome , some 10% of those with Townes-Brocks syndrome showed signs of mental disability. The syndrome has ...

Spina bifida is a neural tube defect in which the neural tube fails to close in early fetal life. It is diagnosed using fetal ultrasound and elevated α-fetoprotein levels. It can range from an entirely asymptomatic bone malformation or it can be severe and debilitating. Due to an imperfectly closed spinal column, the contents of the column spills out and this can lead to a hydrocephalus. In fact, there are three different types of spina bifida: spina bifida occulta, meningocele, and myelomeningocele. It is the most common disabling birth defect in America. Worldwide it occurs in 1 in 1000 live ...

Thalidomide Scientific Component:

Molecular Mass: 258.23 Da Color: white crystalline Odor: Odorless Taste: taste-less Melting point: 271°C. Insoluble in ether and benzene Has a low solubility in water, methanol, ethanol and glacial acetic acid" All bulleted sources from (Erkoc, 2004)

Structural Properties:

Thalidomide is composed of two rings with each of the rings having different chemical makeups (Franks, et al, 2004). The left-hand side ring is thought to be the ring responsible for the teratogenic effects seen (Franks, et al, 2004). The right-hand side ring has a structure very similar to hypnotic drugs and the sedative ...

INTRODUCTION

Arteriovenous vascular malformation is a collection of poorly formed and abnormal arteries and veins. Though the cause is unknown, they are thought to occur due to developmental anomalies of blood vessels in utero. Compared to other blood vessels, they have an increased tendency to bleed which could be deleterious to the brain and the individual involved. Since they are poorly formed, they are not as strong as the normal vessels, hence their propensity to bleed easily.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

The prevalence and incidence is not really known, the only available data are from autopsy reports which suggests around 4% incidence in the population. Autopsy ...