Offence Course Works Samples For Students

Introduction

A trial by jury or jury trial is a legal process in which a jury either makes findings or decision of fact which are then applied by a judge. It is distinguished from a bench trial, whereby a group of judges or a judge make all the verdicts. The jury trials are utilized in a substantial share of grave criminal cases in all common law legal methods and lay judges or juries have be incorporated into legal systems of many civil law nations for criminal cases. Only the Canada and the U.S. make practical application of trials in a wide diversity of non-criminal cases. Most common law ...

Introduction

Restoration is a process whereby the different parties that have a stake in a particular offence collectively resolve the best way to deal with the offence’s aftermath and the implication that it might have in the future. The purpose of restoration is to essentially restore into the community a group of offenders and victims who have resolved their conflicts.

As a crime prevention response or tactic, restoration strives to understand crime in its social context. It challenges the legal authorities to examine the root causes of violence and crime so that such cycles can be broken. The restoration approach towards crime prevention is ...

An adversarial system is a justice system where parties to a dispute present their case before a neutral or impartial third party, either a judge or jury. Each party gets their turn to present their side of the story; this is done through arguments, evidence and law. During the proceedings, the third party acts as a referee between the two sides. An inquisitorial system on the other hand is where the third party is actively involved in the dispute as the investigator. In such system, the investigation is done by the court and if a claim or offence is established, the court then moves to ...

Over a long period of time, the federal government has had struggles in instituting the rules and guidelines on matters of sentencing. This is so because of the sensitivity of the judicial sentencing authority especially following the Reform Act of 1984 which came as a replacement to the former traditional sentencing policy. The Reform Act of 1984 is a more strict authority which is proscribed by the enactment of mandatory guidelines to deal with sentencing. There also arose the limitation brought by the Supreme Court’s decision on the constitutional grounds with the exercise of mandatory guideline provided for in the sentencing ...

Intention and knowledge of a crime cannot be of the same type of mens-rea. For example, murder and culpable homicide are intentional and knowledge based respectively. The intention based mens rea places mental element of murder foremost as an intention to cause death. At a lesser degree is an intention to cause a specific bodily injury which the offender knows will cause death of the victim. This is almost the same as the mental element for murder as the offender knowingly causes the bodily injury that it can cause death. As such, the offender is liable to be convicted for murder. Next ...

At the beginning of the 1990s through to the 2000s sexual offences became a trendy topic of discussion within the sphere of legislative discourse and public dialogue. The contention surrounded the crafting of criminal legislation that would reduce recidivism of convicted sex offenders and overly reduce sexual offence cases. The initial innovations resulting from the discourse were twofold. These were the sex offender laws, which made it a statutory requirement that convicted sex offenders regularly provide crucial identification information and contacts to law enforcement authorities, upon conclusion of their incarceration; and sex offender notification laws, the latter being complementary to the ...

Criminal justice may be defined as the art of ensuring that human rights are respected and credited accordingly. Contrary to this, action in form of justice is in return employed. Criminal justice is an extremely critical in development of public policies. There are various issues that are associated to justice with vehemently many questions being raised. However, the main question is on the ability of criminal justice to exist without values. The answer is that criminal justice cannot exist without values.

The first element that may be used to defend this answer is concerned with the fact that human ...

Statutory interpretation is the process by which courts and judges give meaning to enacted legislation and consequently apply it to a particular case. In the English as well as the Wales legal system, the doctrine of separation of powers prevails whereby Parliament is the supreme law maker. The Executive is charged with the responsibility of implementing the legislation as passed by Parliament while the Judiciary is the final arbiter which interprets legislation as enacted by Parliament. Thus, in tandem with the doctrine of separation of powers, the courts must keep within their ambit and ensure they do not arrogate to ...

Restorative justice is a process in which all parties involved, in an offence or crime consent collectively to repair the aftermath of the criminal act and its subsequent, future implications (Johnstone, 2011). This process often occurs in the form of face to face meetings depicting a powerful method of not only resolving physical and material injuries arising from the crime, but also addressing critical aspects such as relational, psychological and social injuries. This often leads to the desired outcome of transformation of individuals, communities and relationships within our societies.

The pure restorative process involves a series of organized and defined activities that ...

Psychological profiling started in ``the 1800s.”Some of the people that contributed to psychological profiling are Alphonse Bertiollon, Ernest Kretschmer, Hand Grosss and Jacob Fries. Psychological Profiling entails studying the crime committed and the manner the offence is committed, in order to establish a connection in crimes that indicate similarity in terms of the crime nature and mode of commission.

Jack the Ripper Case” is the first case whereby psychological profiling was applied to facilitate capturing the perpetrator of the crimes. Jack was a ``serial killer.”Jack killed five prostitutes before his capture. The profiling aided the investigators to formulate a mechanism ...

Question 1. Identify the four specific categories of computer crimes. Provide an example for each category and explain the influence on society and criminal justice operations that the crime has under each category.

According to Carter (1995), there are 4 general types of computer crimes. First is computer as target. In this category of crime, the computer is the target and types of offenses under this category include theft of intellectual property. Other crimes falling under this category include theft of market information, unlawful access of government records and trespass. This crime has a great influence on society and criminal ...

Introduction

Ever since the police and related agencies within states and the Federal Government initiated mechanisms for keeping data on crime, it has become easier to deduce the trends in criminal behavior and hence channel resources as duly required in combating such crimes. From statistical data gathered over a period of time; state machineries are able to restructure their strategies so that they better adapt to the changing face of criminality. The government can also rely on such data to initiate discussions that may precipitate to policy formulation, drafting of legislations, and development of the necessary institutional framework.

The state of ...

Article three of the United States constitution establishes the Judiciary arm of government. The judiciary structure of the United States in unique as it consists of two cardinal courts systems, which are different yet complementary. These include the state court system and the federal court system. The two systems are responsible for the determination of different cases and are entirely independent of each other. State trial courts vary in each state. However, there are two main sets of trial courts found in most states. These include limited jurisdiction trial courts that are concerned with family, probate and traffic cases, ...

Introduction

This part intends to introduce the concept of management fraud to the learners (executives) so that they can easily follow what is being presented. This part also discusses the reasons why management fraud occurs and what managers intend to do achieve by manipulating their financial statements. In this part, some recent corporate scandals are presented to show the seriousness of this offence. Thus, through introduction, managers will know more about management fraud, how it is done and the seriousness of this offence.

Effects of management fraud

This section highlight the main points of the presentation in brief that needs to be taken seriously ...