Emanuel Research Papers Samples For Students

The concepts of palliative care began with the hospice. Originally the hospice was a resting place for wary travelers in the 4th century. In fact the latin term for hospice means to conceal or alleviate symptoms without curing”. However, by the 19th century hospice’s religious areas established hospices as places for the dying in London and in Ireland (News Medical). End of life care is a “modern” idea that began in the 1950’s and was first written about by Dr. Cicely Saunders (Loscalzo, 2008). She described her feelings and ideas based on the feelings of dying patients. Dr. Saunders ...

An issue that was already decades old in a 1994 ethics article (Emanuel and Emanuel), the cost of end-of-life care is an issue that provides both an economic and actual definition of the limitations of medicine. Eventually, all patients die, but the question becomes what treatment and care should be administered to patients in their end-of-life stage. Therefore, this issue defines both limitations in medicine in that there are conditions that modern medicine have no treatment for, as well as limitations from the point of view of the inherent waste in spending limited medical dollars on treatment of patients so ...

1. Introduction
The health care system in the United States is considered to be unique among other developed countries, including those participating in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). What is more, the system is recognized as one of the most complex ones across the globe. This attitude towards complexity is mostly associated with high costs which derive from the necessity to cover the expenditures of doctors’ training and education, prices on drugs, equipment and technologies as well as costs of chronic diseases. Moreover, access to quality health care refers to another side of complexity, because uninsured ...

Suicide and suicide attempts in the western world have long been considered criminal and punishable. Ancient Romans and Greeks prohibited most suicide, or suicide among the healthy, and punished those who committed suicide by denying them proper burial rituals (Rosenfeld 24). In England and the American colonies, laws continued to punish individuals who committed suicide by denying them a proper burial and both English and American laws found anyone assisting in suicide potentially guilty of murder. In the last several decades, questions about euthanasia and, specifically, the legality of physician-assisted suicide have repeatedly found their way into the legal system ...

Introduction

Colleges and universities are often at the forefront of new policy and research decisions in the United States. There has been talk for many years regarding the potential for college and university campuses in the United States to implement “green” policies; these policies may be anything, from simple policies banning plastic bags to complex policies regarding energy efficiency and water use (Emanuel and Adams 80). These policies allow colleges and universities to become more environmentally responsible, but they can also be quite expensive to implement. While the start-up costs associated with these programs might be significant, the long-term benefits ...

Abstract

Research in cognitive behavioral therapy demonstrates its effectiveness for people with a variety of problems, including couples experiencing marital distress. Dessaulles, Johnson, and Denton determine in their study that cognitive therapy is as effective as pharmacotherapy in managing depression and marital distress (2003, p. 345). Emanuel-Zuerveen and EmmelKamp determine in their study that cognitive therapy focusing on the couple is more effective than treating each person in the relationship individually (1996, p. 181). Dattilio’s article presents current techniques used in relationship cognitive therapy, typical cognitive distortions that couples in therapy possess, and other useful knowledge for therapists (2008). Along ...

History

Researchers today have gone through a long process to be able to take their research study to human subjects. Minors, elderly and prisoners’ studies are governed by numerous regulations and protocols. Other human subjects who do not fall under these categories are also protected by the regular standards that researchers must adhere to; for instance, informed consent and confidentiality. This was not always the case though; the journey to developing the modern medical ethics people enjoy today took years of conducting painful and brutal experiments on human subjects. The history of medical ethics seems to harbor many unthinkable and ...

Introduction

Tremendous change is being witnessed in the relationships between patients, physicians, and managed care facilities with the advent of managed care. Patient-physician relationships are changing, which were once based on the following Cs:
- Choosing the physician by the patient;
- Providing competence;
- Communication between patient and physician;
- Compassion;
- Continuity of care and;
- Absence of conflict of care on the part of the provider (Emanuel & Dobler).

There are three stages involved in strategic management. They are the strategic thinking, strategic planning, and the managing of strategic momentum. There are a ...

Types of contracts:

There are three types of government contracts two of which are; fixed price contracts and cost reimbursable contracts. Fixed price contracts are those that the price is negotiated at the beginning of the contract; thereafter the price remains constant for the entire period of the contract. Cost reimbursable involves the government paying directly for the cost of doing the work; this type of contract has a scheme for giving a fee or profit for the contractor (Blum, 2011). The main advantage of a fixed price contract is that the price of the contract is known at the beginning of the contract, this ...

American educational system of learning has been placed the best in the world best system by analysts. America herself has been rated the best country to work and live in the continent. However, the educational system of higher learning has experienced many challenges and in the way it is implemented. The system has undergone major changes and policy implementations for the last few decades to shape it as the world’s best. Though it have been said to be the best higher education system globally, we tend to overlook issues that the system struggles with its quest to maintain ...