Question 1: Describe the basis of the principle of superposition as well as why we cannot date a 1 million year old hominid with radiocarbon dating. According to Hull (191), the principle of superposition states that for any layers or sequence of surface-deposited material, a bed is older than the one above it and younger than the one below it. However, this is not always the case since rocks and beds can buckle causing younger rocks to go underneath older bed. Therefore, the principle should be applied critically. Basically, the principle states that younger rockers lie on older rocks ( ...
Essays on Carbon 14
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Abstract
Actions taken at the beginning of a crime scene investigation can have far-reaching implications in the resolution of the crime, apprehension of the suspects and prosecution in the court of law. Meticulous and thorough investigation is key in ensuring that potential evidence is not destroyed or tampered with and witnesses overlooked. While many criminal investigation agencies employ a wide range of programs, techniques and equipment used in crime scene processing, the resources available and level of training vary from country to country. Apparently, the ability to investigate crimes has improved dramatically over the years with advances in information and ...
Carbon (C) is a chemical element of atomic number 6 and belongs to group 14 on the periodic table. Carbon is a nonmetallic element and it’s the sixth in abundance in the universe. Coal is the most readily available source of carbon. Carbon in its raw form is of little value and has to be processed into commercially applicable forms. Commercial carbon appears in three allotropes: graphite, amorphous, and diamond. This is a research paper on carbon, its applications and negatives effects on the environment (Jefferson Lab).
CARBON ALLOTROPES
Amorphous carbon is the resulting black material when a carbonaceous fuel or compound is burnt ...
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ORDER AN ESSAYIntroduction
An isotope can be defined as a variant of the same element that has the same atomic number but different mass number.These variants must be of the same elements. That is the have the same number of protons but different number of neutron. Isotopsy is existence of an element in more than one form having the same atomic number but has a different mass number.
Stable and unstable nucleus
A stable nuclear is the one whose the number of proton and neutron in an elements are equal or are nearly equal hence the element nuclear does not disintergrate.The nuclears is not as heavy as in ...
Radiometric dating is a technique used to identify the age of a certain rock, fossil or artifact by measuring the radioactive decay of certain elements that they contain. The most common radioactive elements measured are Carbon-14, Potassium or Iron. According to Dr. Dennis Kent of the Columbia University, Carbon-14 measurements are only limited to samples of up to 50,000 years because of the short half-life of carbon. For older samples, Potassium and Iron are used to determine age in techniques known as tephrochronology and magnetostratigraphy, respectively (Ray, 2011).
The use of radiometric dating has been extensively used in archaeology. Specifically, ...
I. Natural Radioactivity
Radioactivity is a natural phenomenon occurring in isotopes of elements with atomic numbers 20 and higher. This takes place in isotopes of elements with unstable atomic nuclei. Radiation-emitting isotopes are called radioisotopes. When an atom has an unstable nucleus, the number of protons and neutrons are not balanced and there are either too many protons or there are too few of it. This imbalance causes the nuclei to spontaneously decompose to form a more stable nucleus. During this process, energy or particles are released and this is known as radiation. There are three types of radiation. These are either in ...
Introduction
Radiation is best described as energy which is passing through space or a medium (Khan 2010). There are two categories of radiation; non-ionizing and ionizing radiation. Non-ionizing radiation is important in the life systems and can be exemplified by heat, visible light, or radio waves; however, overexposure may be toxic. Ionizing radiation is the one commonly implied whenever the term radiation is used. Ionizing radiation has enough energy to change atoms which may result in changes in cell molecules leading to alterations within the cells and thus cell damage. Radiation is measured by the unit, rem, which is ‘roentgen equivalent ...
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