Essays on Dyspnea

Abstract

Heart failure (2.6% prevalent worldwide) is a complex clinical syndrome, resulting from a structural or functional cardiac disorder and impairing ventricular filling or ejection capability. The current case of a 59-year-old male patient admitted on August 18, 2016 due to worsening shortness of breath and bilateral left extremity edema (one week) involved an existing diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). Physical and clinical profiles indicate a comorbidity between heart failure (HF) and DM2. Laboratory and imaging findings were not indicated, while diagnosis was based on the NYHA Classification guidelines. A review of literature revealed three crucial weaknesses in the diagnosis. ...

This paper is a critical evaluation of a meta-analysis titled “Impact of resistance training in subjects with COPD: A systemic review and meta-analysis.” The study was carried out by Wen-hua Liao, Jin-wu Chen, Xin Chen, Lin Lin, Hai-yan Yan, Yu-qi Zhou and Rui Chen. The essay aims at summarizing, appraising, and analyzing the research study. In this paper, I will assess the databases utilized in the analysis, the types of articles used, as well as the timeliness of the write-up. I will also identify the level of evidence of the publication. Finally, I will discuss the contribution that the ...

1. The patient is diagnosed to have congestive heart failure. This is a heart disorder resulting to pulmonary vascular congestion with a reduced cardiac output. Among the diagnostic symptoms of the disorder include pulmonary complications, such as pulmonary edema, obstructive sleep apneas and pleaural effusions (Figueroa and Peters 2006). It is also characterized by the main symptoms of orthopnea, fatigue, dyspnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and peripheral edema (Grimshaw, Khunti and Baker, 2001), which are all present in the clinical symptoms presented by the patient Mabel. During the exacerbation of the congestive heart failure, the patient will benefit from continuous ...

Describe the underlying pathology of COPD and the common pathological characteristics of the condition. Discuss the impact these pathological changes have on normal function, including how alveolar ventilation might be different in Mr Wenham compared to a normal individual. The hallmark pathological attributes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are one, poorly reversible airflow obstruction and two, a progressive atypical inflammatory response within the lungs. The abnormal inflammatory response denotes the responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems to long-standing exposure to noxious gases and particles especially cigarette smoke. Notably, all cigarette smokers have some degree of inflammation ...

Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia

Cardiac arrhythmias often require immediate medical care that may include resuscitation (Ray, 2004). The diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias can be challenging particularly in situations whereby the patient is asymptomatic and ECG findings are normal between symptomatic episodes (Cruickshank, 2008). Distinguishing between supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia is also a challenge (Australian Resuscitation Council, 2008). Cardiac arrhythmia should be suspected in patients with a history of syncope, near syncope, palpitations, and/or chest pain (Cruickshank, 2008). This paper will justify why monomophic ventricular tachycardia is the most likely diagnosis of a male patient who collapsed abruptly and has hypotension (BP 63/38), tachycardia ( ...

Part 1

Compromised levels of safety in her house During the nurses’ visit to Ms. Fisher’s house, a couple of factors were observed to expose her to dangers that were likely to impact on her wellbeing. The level of lighting in the house is low; therefore, her chances of tripping and falling over are very high which may result in her breaking bones. Secondly, she is wearing slippery shoes. This aspect added to the realization that the rug in the house is not placed appropriately may result in her falling and hurting herself. In this direction, there is the need ...

Pulmonary emphysema is a pathological condition of the lung tissue, which is characterized by its increased airiness due to the expansion of the alveoli, as well as the destruction of alveolar walls. This disease happens with males twice as often than with females. The risk of development of emphysema among people with chronic obstructive pulmonary illnesses is very high, especially after 55 years (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014).

Factors that Provoke the Development of Emphysema

At the present time there are many causes and risk factors of pulmonary emphysema, with which a person meets almost every day. Some of them we will consider now. The main cause ...

Acute coronary syndrome is an umbrella term for a group of clinical symptoms indicative of acute myocardial ischemia. These conditions include non-ST-segment elevation myocardial ischemia (NSTEMI), unstable angina, and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). These conditions are high-risk manifestations of atherosclerosis in the coronary artery and significant causes of utilization of emergency services and hospitalization (Kumar and Cannon, 2009). STEMI causes 30% of all acute coronary syndromes in Australia (Harper and Lefkovits, 2010). This paper will describe the expected presentation, pathophysiology, ECG findings, pre-hospital management, and initial 24-hour management of STEMI in hospitals settings. These aspects will be described ...

SOAP NOTE

Women’s Health / Primary Care SOAP Age Range: 25- 30 Gender: Female Occupation: Receptionist Subjective: ID: M.L.

Reliability: Patient is a knowledgeable and a reliable source of information.

Reason for seeking Care (CC): Complaint of heaviness and pain in the left breast on and off since the last 4 months. History of Present Illness: Not applicable. No history of change in surgical, medical or family history.

Travel History past 30 days: No history of travelling in the last 30 days.

Current Medications: Denies being on any medication currently or in the past. Allergies (Medication, Food, Environmental): Not allergic to any medication, food or environmental influences. Immunizations: Received all the immunizations in a timely manner. History of Present Illness: The patient was ...