Calculability College Essays Samples For Students

The mechanistic structure comprises a bureaucratic or hierarchical arrangement with formalised practices or procedures along with centralised authority and focuses on control and specialisation. Mechanistic structures are rigid and excessively authoritative with emphasis on power and chain of command. Conversely, organic structures are more flexible, open, and informal as compared to mechanistic structures and encourage employee involvement and input. Organic structures are more practical as compared to mechanistic structures in a rapidly changing business environment of the modern world mainly because of the flexibility. The mechanistic structures offset the creativity, flexibility, and autonomy required in the contemporary world to ...

Marketing and consumption decisions

Introduction
Marketing entails the process through which groups and individuals obtain what they want and need by exchanging and creating products and value with others (Same, 2012). Thus, marketing is the process of delivering customer satisfaction at a profit. The objective of marketing is to satisfy the needs and wants of a customer better than the competitor. There are a variety of activities that are involved in marketing. These activities include identifying the needs of the customers, designing of the product, promotion of the products or services benefits with the aim of motivating purchase, pricing and ensuring they are ...

1. Capitalists and workers.

An age-long conflict.

Revolution as the only means of fighting social inequality.
Result of revolution.
According to Karl Marx, social inequality results from the fact that human society is comprised of two basic social classes – capitalists and workers. Capitalists own the means of production that are used to produce wealth, namely plants, factories, equipment etc. Capitalists use workers to enrich themselves by exploiting their work. In other words, they pay them just enough to have an accommodation, food and other necessary things for survival, while the majority of profits goes to capitalists. Marx traced the history of cohabitation ...

The five dominant principles of the process of McDonaldization are predictability, efficiency, increased control, the irrationality of rationality, and calculability. The author Ritzer George uses various elements of Max Weber’s work to evaluate and discuss the process of McDonaldization in contemporary societies (Ritzer 14).
Efficiency: Efficiency is a principle that deals with the process of achieving a specific goal in a rapid manner and with the least effort or cost. The notion of efficiency is specific to the interests of businesses; however, it is also beneficial to the customer. Examples of efficient processes include self-service gasoline, salad bars, ...

1. Describe the various group conformity research projects on pages 102 thru 104 and the issues raised in each project.

There are four projects on group conformity discussed in text: by Solomon Asch, Stanley Milgram, Philip Zimbardo and Irving Janis. The first, Asch’s, study demonstrated the power of group influence on individuals by showing that 37 percent of the study participants agreed to wrong statements of the group. When answering the same questions alone, the percent of wrong answers was equal to one. Thus, it was proven that people tend to agree to clearly wrong statements and decisions ...

The Mcdonaldization of Society

George Ritzer describes a sociological trend that was taking root in the American society in his book titled ‘The McDonaldization of society’. He defines this trend as the process of rationalization, and in this case, taken to extreme levels. The process of rationalization is defined as replacing logically reliable and consistently applied rules with illogical ones to meet a short term goal . The process involves breaking down tasks into smallest possible tasks and determining the single most efficient way of performing the tasks. The rest of the methods are considered inefficient and thus discarded. The method identified is considered to be ...