Essays on Macaulay

Results

Deflection per Unit Load (mm/kN) The following method is used to calculate the deflection per unit load in mm/kN from the slope of the graph. Slope=y2-y1x2-x1=6.41-1.2820.19-0.03=32.05kNmm Deflection=132.05=0.0312mmkN

Strain per Unit Load (µƐ/kN)

The following method is used to calculate the strain per unit load in µƐ/kN from the slope of the graph. For Strain (positive) Slope=y2-y1x2-x1=6.41-1.28242-6=0.142kNμε Strain=1slope=10.142=7.042μεkN

For Strain (negative)

Slope=y2-y1x2-x1=6.41-1.28246-8=0.135kNμε Strain=1slope=10.135=7.407μεkN

Calculations and Discussion

Stress The following method is used to calculate stress per unit load in N/mm2/kN from the strain measurements. Stress=StressLoad=8.61×106-1.23×1066.41-1.282=1.439×106N/mm2kN Stress=StressLoad=9.43×106-1.64×1066.41-1.282=1.519×106N/mm2kN

The following method is used to calculate the theoretical value of maximum stress.

Maximum stress=MomentElastic Modulus Moment=Load×Distance=1kN×378.5mm=378.5 kN.mm Maximum stress=MomentElastic Modulus=378.574.94×10-6=5.05×106N/mm2kN The values of the above ...

Results

Deflection per Unit Load (mm/kN) The deflection per unit load in mm/kN is calculated from the slope of the graph as follows. Slope=RiseRun=y2-y1x2-x1=6.4113-1.282260.2-0.04=32.0565kNmm Deflection per unit load=1slope=132.0565=0.031195mmkN

Strain per Unit Load (µƐ/kN)

The strain per unit load in µƐ/kN is calculated from the slope of the graph as follows. For Strain (+) Slope=RiseRun=y2-y1x2-x1=6.4113-1.2822642-7=0.146544kNμε Strain per unit load=1slope=10.146544=6.8239μεkN

For Strain (-)

Slope=RiseRun=y2-y1x2-x1=6.4113-1.28226-48-(-8)=-0.128226kNμε Strain per unit load=1slope=1-0.128226=7.799μεkN

Calculations and Discussion

Stress The stress per unit load in N/mm2/kN is calculated from the strain measurements as follows. Stress per unit load=StressLoad=8.61×106-1.435×1066.4113-1.28226=1.399×106N/mm2kN Stress per unit load=StressLoad=-9.84×106--1.64×1066.4113-1.28226=-1.599×106N/mm2kN

The theoretical value of maximum stress is calculated as follows.

Theoretical maximum stress=MomentElastic Modulus Moment=Load×Distance=1kN×657.5mm=279 kN.mm Theoretical ...

Duration and Bond Price Volatility: Some Further Results

In the introduction Shirvani and Wilbratte state that they presented a new approach for calculating bond price volatility. This formula represents an alternative to famous Macaulay formula. They both rely on the same concept of bond duration; however, the SW model resolves a deficiency in the Macaulay formula that allows more precise calculations depending on interest rate changes on bond prices. The SW formula is also compared to the convexity-augmented Macaulay formula. It provides better estimates of coupon bond price volatility but this is not too significant for calculating bond convexities. The SW approach allows quick and easy calculations what makes ...

The importance of having an effective formula for estimating bond price volatility has been proven in various studies. In their work, Shirvani and Wilbratte (2005), evaluated and compared three alternative estimations. The three alternative measures, Macaulay duration, convexity-augmented Macaulay duration and a new alternative that they proposed were described and evaluated for relative performance. The authors basically provide a better method for computing bond price volatility than the two that are conventionally accepted and commonly used. The alternative is a method that is easier and faster to use, even for students. In the introduction, Shirvani and Wilbratte (2005) suggest an earlier ...

The aim of the essay is to analyze the literature work «Othello, the Moor of Venice» and to find out what topics and problems are described in this work. In addition, it can be said without doubts that those problems are actual nowadays. The task is to understand how and in what situations. Moreover, it is essential to understand the main idea and topic of the play, and what the narrator wants to claim through the characters and their actions. The essay includes the summary and characterization of the events and protagonists. Othello, the Moor of Venice is a ...

Religious faith was a determined motivating factor behind everything (Macaulay, “Cathedral”). The invasion of the barbarians and the plague of diseases had taken their toll on the medieval citizens. Hence, their primary source of strength was faith. Christian faith was highly important in the pious middle ages. It serves as a driving force for people to go on with their lives, not only during the middle ages but also in the modern era. Additionally, faith also served as a lucky charm amongst merchants who craved for more riches. By building a cathedral within a town, it only means that a town is prosperous and wealthy ...

Introduction

The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) is a law adopted by US legislators, which is concerned with many commercial issues, covering sale of goods, banks and securities interest. However, it does not apply on sales of real estate sale, security interest, employment contracts, marriage settlement and contracts involving labor.

The Crazy Jill

The proposal by a merchant to contractor to sell a good at a given stipulated terms and conditions is an offer. An offer goes hand in hand with acceptance; acceptance terms do not vary with the offer’s terms. If the acceptance terms vary with the offer terms, it will then not regarded as acceptance; ...

Affiliated School;

Introduction Zurich Inc. is an international financial company based in Zurich, Switzerland. Founded more than a century ago, the company deals in motor insurance, buildings and contents insurance, risk and business insurance programmes, life insurance, and investment. Experience has made the company realize that customers are the most valuable asset that the company has. For this very reason, the company established a well structured customer experience management called customer centrality. This has given the company a competitive advantage against rivals in a very competitive industry. Customer experience management is meant to track and manage the interaction between the company and the ...

- Company Background Morgan Stanley is a band holding company founded in 1935 that provides financial services worldwide. The Company serves both individual and institutional investors offering securities globally. Morgan Stanley also operates an asset management business and serves investment banking clients. There are three segments Morgan Stanley is currently operating: institutional securities, asset management, and global wealth management (Reuters, 2013). Morgan Stanley was a pioneer in global expansion to capital markets broadening horizons of strategic transactions. It serves individual, corporate, government, and institutional clients in 40 countries. Morgan Stanley has a number of affiliates and subsidiaries. The Company issues ...

The Chartes Cathedral and the Salisbury Cathedral are both unique cathedrals. They represent the Christian as a symbol of the age and magnificence of the church. However they achieve this by having unique architectural facets that make them different.

The differences are;

The similarities are rather evident from the architectural style. While they are located in different nations, they are both consistent with Gothic architecture. The Chartes Cathedral is influenced by French Gothic architecture while the Salisbury Cathedral is influenced by English Gothic architecture. Both cathedrals were built around the same time. The Salisbury Cathedral was built between 1220 and 1258, while ...

Both Sophocles’ tragedy Oedipus Rex and William Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello share some characteristics, such as an heroic yet tragic figure whose own character flaw brings about the final tragedy. In both plays, the main character’s wife dies as a result of the husband’s flaw. However, some essential differences exist between the plays. In Oedipus Rex, fate plays a central role in determining what happens to the main character, but in Othello, a very human antagonist sets the sequence of tragic events in motion. In each play, the playwright establishes the protagonist as heroic. In Oedipus Rex, when the ...

Introduction

During the 16th century, many changes occurred in England. This was because of the various religious factors that shaped the politics of England. In addition, most of the literature during this period played a major role in shaping English Literature. The Hamlet was one of the ideas that played a significant role in defining religion and literature in England. Religion during the 16 century resulted to conflicts between the Catholics and Protestants. The conflicts that began between the pope and King Henry VII saw England became a Protestant country. The struggle also resulted to changes in sacraments. The Protestants only adapted three ...