Essays on Public Finance

Describe portfolio investments and FDI. How do they differ and why is it important to distinguish between them?

Foreign portfolio investments (FPI) and foreign direct investments (FDI) are two commonly used and at times easily confused phrases. Foreign portfolio investments refer to investments in financial assets in a foreign country. These financial instruments include instruments like stocks and bonds. Investors love to invest in such instruments in order to diversify and hedge their portfolios. For example, Brexit has caused European banks to shed their values significantly and some international fund managers have already started purchasing these banks to diversify their portfolio and take advantage of attractive stock valuations. On the other hand, foreign direct investment refers to ...

Introduction – Immigration Crisis and Socio-Economic Development in Netherlands

Being part of the European Union, it was natural for The Netherlands to be impacted by the immigration crisis which had hit almost entire Europe. On one hand the administration of the country had to develop and implement strategies aimed at addressing the immigration crisis . Initially, the country had resorted to sealing the borders to prevent the influx of refugees . However, with international attention on the crisis - especially highlighted by the capsizing of boats carrying refugees in the Mediterranean Sea the nation had to resort to finally accepting immigrants into the nation. Needless to state that this move ...

I. Summary The New Urbanization system is an important tactical decision in developing socialism in Chinese characteristics. This has an insightful implication for the extensive plans towards the development of a prosperous society, as it helps support the acceleration of socialist modernization, as well as other causes. Accordingly, the growth among new urbanization systems demands the provision for any relevant and required mechanism in the system. Based on the released documents from the State Council, the promotion of new development schemes in urbanization system is a vital element if only to achieve new urbanization in 2015. According to the ...

Introduction:

Pensions are an essential part of a civilized welfare state that rewards hardworking and taxpaying citizens with security in old age. The rationale behind pensions is that citizens who have worked for a living for almost 40 years of their young lives and have paid taxes deserve to have a regular source of passive income after retirement in old age. This is to ensure their basic needs are taken care of and they do not become a burden on society and private individuals. It also ensures higher spending in the market as opposed to a greater part of earnings ...

Education is a public good because it comprises of several features of public good. But, it is not a perfect public good. It is a public good because it ensures productivity in terms of human capital accumulation, and also ensures economic growth. With the increase in education, productivity and economic growth increases. There is a market inefficiency as there is under supply of education, and demand of society is not met. This can be considered from the fact that with the increase in education productivity, which may pave the way to creation of externality when educated workers fail to ...

Introduction

Tax forms one of the major sources of government revenue; it contributes to economic growth and development as well as the overall prosperity of a country. Based on the method of collection, a tax system can be flat, regressive or progressive. The progressive tax system entails increasing taxes with an increase in individual or household income. The regressive system involves decreasing tax as income increases while the flat tax is a system where everyone pays the same tax irrespective of the income (Roach, 2003). The tax system adopted in a country depends on set objectives, its impacts on taxpayers, ...

Abstract

Economics is a subject that has its recognition in almost every walk of life. Inevitably, there is no single definition of the term “Economics” exist in the world, because every author has had defined the concept in somewhat different manner. Adam Smith is known as the Father of Economics (FOE) and according to his concept, “Economics is the study of wealth that deals with the buying and selling of products in total”

There are basically two types of economics predominantly comprised on microeconomics and macroeconomics and both of these provisions are important. According to the specifications, microeconomics ...

Part A: Please pick the criteria listed below, define it, and indicate how it applies to this proposal. Added comments, experiences, and a lot of interaction are highly encouraged.

- Horizontal Equity

Income tax systems have changed and developed so much in the past 200 years that there are already a lot of ways how an individual or a group of individuals could be taxed or levied by the government. Before defining what horizontal equity is, it would be beneficial to know what a basic equity is. Equity or what is not so popularly known as economic quality, is actually a large umbrella of terms that refers ...

Reflection of MBA

The experience during MBA was quite interesting as I learned many useful things that are related to business. The learning outcomes of the whole MBA were attractive as many important queries regarding business administration had been solved. The aim of joining MBA was to analyze substantial the areas of business and learn how to manage different functions of the business. The tactics and techniques to analyze the situation and provide rationale decision over the analysis were learned from different outcomes of the program. The learning outcomes of the program were helpful in analyzing the situations and find out effective ...

Introduction

The budget deficit and the amount of public debt is an important indicator of an economy. This area of concern has traditionally received much attention. The budget process involves the balancing of public revenues and expenditures. Budget imbalance means quantitative disparity between income and expenditure budget. The excess of expenditure over budget revenues is called the “budget deficit.” The unbalanced budget could lead to the emergence of a surplus, ie excess of income over the expenditure. However, in practice, almost all countries now, there is significant scope for excess government expenditure over income. The result is a rapid increase in budget ...

Country Profile

Saudi Arabia has a total area of 2.15 million square kilometers. With a total population of 28.08 million (data.worldbank.org, 2012), Saudi Arabia is inhabited by Arabs and 8.5 million foreigners. The official language is Arabic; English is spoken in business circles. Its capital city is Riyadh w6ith a population of 4.725 million. Other major cities include Jeddah, Mecca, Medina and Ad Dammam.

The World Bank classifies the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as a high income nonOECD economy. In 2011, the nominal GDP is reported at $576.8 billion. It is an oli-based economy with strong government controls over major economic activities. The economy remains the ...

STATEMENT TO BE SIGNED BY EACH STUDENT

1. I have read the section on plagiarism that appears on the reverse side of this sheet. 2. In my assignment I have carefully acknowledged the source of any material which is not my own work. 3. I am aware that the penalties for plagiarism can be very severe, including withdrawal of permission to enrol in the University.

REVIEW ESSAY QUESTION (20% of Unit Marks, 1,500 word limit)

Using the two papers by Rousseau and Sylla, what lessons can be drawn by emerging markets economies from the experiences of the countries covered? In your answer, include issues relating to the creation of a viable financial system (and the ...