Climate Change Literature Reviews Samples For Students

Literature Review

Adapting to climate change is not limited to environmental issues but rather on the policies developed by the legal instruments, socially responsible business, scientific research as well as awareness creation. The United States has already started on adapting its institutions on climate change vulnerability through conventions and National Adaptation Summits as well as being signatories to international MEA’s (Multilateral Environmental Agreements) such as the Kyoto Protocol as well as Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(karl, Melillo and Peterson, 2009). This shows that the issue is not only experienced at a regional level but on the global spectrum as well. ...

Introduction

The Philippines is among the most vulnerable third world countries to climate change. The impacts in the country range from extreme weather and periodic inundation to drought and food scarcity. According to the World Bank, Philippine is experiencing these effects. Climate models on the case of Philippines show that global warming might exceed the projected 2 0 C projection and possibly 4 0 C by 2060 causing severe impacts (Philander, 2012). According to World Bank, Philippine is directly exposed to multiple climate related hazards like typhoons, floods, droughts and landslides. According to the IPCC Third Assessment Report, Philippine experienced ...

There are numerous threats to the fragile ecosystem of Earth; one of the most debated theories is that of Global warming. This paper is on findings and information collected over past years and results of Global warming on this planet. We will discuss the Causes, Effects as well as Positives from Global Warming. Through the years strange changes have occurred in nature and the atmosphere, these include ice caps rapidly melting and holes occurring in the ozone. In order to solve these mysteries scientists from around the world conduct studies to determine if the threat of global warming is ...

1.0 The Company and Its Products
Royal Dutch Shell PLC (Shell) is a public limited company, founded in 1907 as the Royal Dutch/Shell Group and registered in England and Wales with headquarters in The Hague, the Netherlands (Shell, 2014a, p. 9). After it was renamed in 2005, Shell became the single parent company of two publicly-traded subsidiaries: the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company (RDPC) and The “Shell” Transport and Trading Company (TSTTC) (later renamed as The Shell Transport and Trading Company Limited). RDPC handles upstream and downstream production activities, while TSTTC handles transportation and trading.
In the upstream segment, the ...

Literature Review

Tourism’s basic purpose is to visit other places, cultures, traditions and expand one’s experience of the world. That is why Murphy (2013) argued that tourism is natural renewable resource industry in which visitors visit only to admire. However, tourism is so popular that this industry is producing 5% of the world GDP currently (“United Nations Environment Programme,” 2014). Hence, with the growing amount of money in tourism, the tourism industry is becoming recklessly extravagant when it comes to exploiting resources and harming the planet. But in tourism, sustainability is important to avoid noxious effects on people, environment ...

Introduction

The fishing industry is a diverse industry that includes many activities and practices concerning fish and has been in existence for many decades. Nonetheless, the industry over the years has been faced with a wide range of issues with the most critical being environment issues. The environmental issues have thus resulted in the threat of aquatic life, particularly the fish family. The survival of lobsters particularly in Maines, New England in this regard has been forced to depend on water temperatures, the cleanliness of the of the habitat and the increasing concerns about the rising cases of the lobster ...

Antarctica Tourism: Still an appropriate market for operators and tourism?

Introduction

Antarctica may not sound like the greatest vacation spot for most people but many tourists ready for a challenge head there during the South Pole’s summer season. Tourism has been increasing since the first visitors to Antarctica despite the difficulties reaching the place. The freezing temperatures are not enough to slow the dedicated traveler away either.

Tourist operators’ infrastructure has grown to meet the needs of Antarctica tourism. The infrastructure includes everything from selling parkas and equipment, to training guides and to offering trips by ships and planes coordinated with travel agencies. Several decades of increasing tourism to ...

Amongst the biggest problems that are being recognized is the phenomenon of global warming. This is an alarming issue for the environmentalists as they believe that the sustainability, worse yet, the livability of the planet is at stake because of it. Because of the economic and industrial conditions of the planet, the climate of the earth is changing rapidly. The average temperatures that are being measured are increasing very quickly, and it is feared that in a short period of time, the temperature of the planet will rise higher than what is comfortable (Root).
The problem of rising temperatures ...

Literature Review:

In order to recognize the right of people to seek asylum from persecution in another country, the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees was introduced in order to determine refugee rights, state responsibility and refugee protection. The Convention was lauded for establishing a system for refugee protection, however, experts have divided opinions with its continuous use in the 21st century. There are experts stressing the need to repeal the Convention due to its outdated, inconsistent and limited nature. Other experts argued that the Convention should be retained due to the possibility of revitalizing the reform and the concessions ...

1. Historical evolution of Mumbai
Mumbai has a long history of evolution that spans for 1000 years. In 1343 the cluster of seven islands was controlled by the Sultanate of Gujarat, and later in 1534 following Portugal invasion, the area was converted into a trading center (The British Library Board). The Portuguese coined the term Bom Bahia, meaning ‘the good bay’, and developed dwelling units, factories as well as ship building yards in the Island cluster, which later became known as Bombay (The British Library Board). With the establishment of East India Company, the British ousted Portuguese, and used ...

Introduction

Tourism has many definitions, which include traveling for pleasure purposes. Tourism, according to World Tourism Organization, is defined visiting and staying places away from our normal environment for a period exceeding one year for leisure or other business purposes. Tourism can be either domestic or international where implications are on both the host and source countries. Today, tourism is among the major sources of revenue for most countries and has a great impact on the economic growth and development of nations. The hospitality services, transport services, entertainment venues, as well as goods bought by tourists are among the sectors ...

ENERGY RELATIONS

Introduction
The US and Canada have been supporter and challenger, associate and adversary, foe and friend- throughout their history. As a result, the two nations have experienced durations of conflict with one country’s national interests dictating actions that caused adverse effects on the other (Behiels and Stuart 2010; Andreas 2013). Since the 1980s, however, the two nations have increased their energy relations through integration and cooperation (Hooper and Newlands 2012). As such, significant issues have often been resolved through negotiated compromise. Nonetheless, some US-Canada trade relations have been unsuccessful. For example, although the two nations are widely known ...

The ubiquitous climate change and the attendant consequences in the forms of flash floods, earthquakes, tsunamis etc has further intensified efforts at seeking alternative sources of energy to the currently used fossil fuels that contribute so much to the deterioration of the environment and the menace of climate change. The alternative forms of energy, termed green energy are renewable sources of energy e.g. solar energy. Theses green sources of energy do not contribute to the deterioration of the environment. The industrial production of hydrogen gas H2 is dependent on heavy use of fossil fuel-generated electricity to power the process ...

LITERATURE REVIEW: UNITED STATES ENERGY INDEPENDENCE

Question: How the concerns relating to the exploration of Shale gas were mitigated.

The issue of energy independence is a subject of debate that has dominated US politics for several decades. Virtually, every President since Richard Nixon to Barack Obama have pledged allegiance to assisting the United States realize the goal of energy dependence. Policy debates tend to focus on the strategies that could be implemented to minimize US’s dependence on foreign oil. Homans (2012) argues that the United States has remained independent on imported oil despite increasing demands for energy anxiety across the globe. According to Miller (2010), ...