Essays on Bone Marrow

Multiple myeloma is malignancy of the blood plasma cells which are responsible for the production of antibodies. As a result, these cells infiltrate the bone marrow and also lead to massive secretion of immunoglobulins which occur in serum and urine. The infiltration of the bone marrow by plasma cells explains the characteristic bone pain. This condition was first described in 1848.It mostly tends to affect individuals over sixty years of age, though it can occur at a younger age. Men are more affected than women. It is more prevalent in blacks as compared to whites. It accounts for 1-2% ...

Immune System

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Immune System

Introduction

The human immune system is a complex system consisting of a network of numerous cells and cell types, tissues, and organs working together to defend the human body from foreign bodies such as invading microorganisms, infections, and tumors, while ignoring the normal working and healthy parts of the body.

Discussion

Working of the immune system The immune system has different ways of identifying problems, communicating with other cells, and performing their activities. The immune system has the ability to distinguish healthy cells from unhealthy cells as it can recognize a number of different “danger” cues ...

Stem cell research and therapy are not new and continue to be a controversial topic. The benefits of stem cells, and what most scientists agree are the potential benefits of stem cells, in curing disease and regenerating tissue are seemingly limitless. In the past bone marrow transplants were the primary method used to obtain stem cells for research into cures for contemporary diseases such as cancer, heart disease, Parkinson’s, Alzheimers, multiple sclerosis, and diabetes as well as spinal cord injuries. However, Embryonic Stem Cell Research (ESCR) is much more controversial. There has been a recent shift to use ...

The thing that I found interesting in the article, Tools for Implementing an Evidence Based Approach in Public Health Practice, was the description of domains that influence evidence based decision making (Jacobs, Jones, Gabella, Spring, & Brownson, 2012). The environment and the organizational contexts in which these domains interact is important and I agree with it. For example, every year, research comes out with better ways to treat neurodegenerative diseases. A particular study found immunoablation and bone marrow transplant, to be particularly beneficial in curing Multiple Sclerosis forever (Radowitz, 2016). The most common drugs that are prescribed to patients with ...

Coursename Sickle-cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder, which affects the red blood cells. It was first described in the medical literature in 1846. In 1910, Ernest Irons became first to write about the pathologically altered red blood cells of the patient with sickle-cell anemia (Serjeant 425-429). It is caused by the mutation of the gene encoding the synthesis of the hemoglobin. As a result, the hemoglobin of the affected people is defective (hemoglobin S). Glutamic acid in it is substituted with valine in the sixth position of the β-chain. This change greatly reduces the solubility of hemoglobin in ...

The recent developments in technological advancements and scientific breakthroughs have presented modern ways of creating new things and doing things. One such development relates to the introduction of technology-based medical procedures, which have made it possible to achieve feats that yesteryear medical scientists could only dream about. The field of medicine has shown tremendous improvement as a result of the incorporation of new technological meth-ods into the field of medicine. Genetic engineering procedures have become common not only in the creation of medicines and vaccines but also in disease management before and after birth. Scientists have come up with ...

Brief information, risk factors and symptoms

Colon cancer, that is also known as colorectal, is a type of cancer that starts from rectum or colon. As any other type of cancer, colon cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growing cells of the body. This type of cancer usually starts with a polyp – a kind of growth on the inner lining of the rectum or colon. However, it is important to know that not all polyps change into cancer, though some of them might do it after several years. The chances that a polyp will become cancer after some, depends on the type of polyps. There are ...

Infection in cancer patient with febrile neutropenia: epidemiology, microbiology and management

Abstract Febrile neutropenia (FN) is characterised by a decrease in neutrophils number to values below 500 cells/ mm3 and an occurrence of fever higher or similar to 38.3ºC. It commonly occurs in cancer patients as a result of chemotherapy regimens. Chemotherapy destroys carcinogenic cells but also attacks in many cases some normal cells including essential elements of the immune system. Fever is one of the characteristic symptoms of FN and is usually associated with the presence of an infection caused by various microorganisms. Bacteria, including Gram-positive isolates (currently dominating) and Gram-negative species (dominant in the 1970s), are usually ...