Essays on Wakefulness

Abstract:

The purpose of writing this report is to determine the nature, occurrence, and pathophysiology of sleep-wake disorders after sustaining Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and their impact on recovery and relation with other effects of TBI, along with analyzing treatment options. It also presents in the meaning of sleep-wake disturbance or disorder, a method of assessing, sample characteristics features like time and severity of TBI after the injury occurred and control of significant impacts like pain, anxiety, depression or medications. Because sleep wake disorders found in human beings who get affected by mental illness. This will lead to many problems ...

1. Biot’s respiration named after Camille Biot is an abnormal ataxic breathing pattern, where rapid series of shallow respiration are followed by a period of apnea. In order to known how AMP kinase, knock down leads to Biot respiration in mice; it is necessary to known how AMP kinase affects respiratory rate. AMP kinase is a metabolic sensor and is activated in response to stretching of the lung alveolar cells and other stressors. During respiration, the lung goes through cycles of expansion and contraction (Budinger et al., 2008). When the alveolar cells stretch during expansion, the 5′ AMP-activated ...

General features of melatonin

Melatonin is a hormone, which is thought to play an important role in daily processes of humans’ lives, being secreted by the pineal gland, which is an endocrine gland, located in the middle of the brain. After its discovery the first function (which later gave the name to this hormone) was the ability of this hormone to lighten one’s skin color. This experiment was conducted on frogs, however even nowadays everybody knows that our sunbathing results in suntan due to activity of melatonin. This is a so-called skin-darkening effect of melatonin. First discoveries of this hormone were done ...

Sleep is the condition with which each of us is familiar from the very first hours of our lives. At the beginning of each life a little child holds most of the day in the sleep, and only with the age, he gradually learns to stay awake. And for all adults there is nothing more accustomed than a sleep. From ancient times, inquiring minds of scientists were concerned with the question: what happens to us during this process, beyond waking, in the realm of dreams where nothing is real, but at the same time, all the things in a dream seem to ...

Abstract

Caffeine is a widely-used drug that modifies the psychological condition of the consumers. At high doses, it causes various caffeine-related symptoms such as agitation, as well as the restless legs syndrome. Since caffeine is a habit forming drug, it allows the development of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. It also alters sleep patterns in accordance with the consumed daily caffeine dose. Although its arousal of the central nervous system can induce pleasant effects at relatively lower doses, caffeine can impair concentration and attention at increased doses. The present study, therefore, examines the various adverse effects of consuming caffeine at high doses. The ...

The science of sleep cannot boast of its significant age. In essence, the research of the brainwork by scientists continues only the last hundred years. Have you ever tried to do without sleep for a week or a month? Clearly, it is almost impossible. After some time, our brain is tired. The body starts to ache. People without sleep become irritable, lose the ability to think clearly and cannot concentrate. They need sleep - time to recuperate and stockpile for the next activity. People over 20 years out of 60 spends in a dream, and that is one third of all ...

As early as Biblical times, dreams have been given a special place; in ancient Egypt, Joseph’s interpretation of pharaoh’s dreams had awarded him an honorary place among his advisors, and was said to have saved Egypt from starvation. Working with dreams in therapy implies a belief that that dreams are meaningful and provide added value to the therapeutic process. Studies have shown that dreams can be influenced by a certain psychopathology, and that their content and patterns (e.g. recurring dreams, nightmares) reflect a person’s wellbeing (Pesant & Zadra, 2004).

The Nature of Dreams

Dreams can be defined as “hallucinatory subjective experiences” generated by one’ ...

My interest in the topic of lucid dreaming comes from the fact that I have always been baffled by the phenomenon of dreaming. When I dream; I am transported to an alternate reality where the rules of science and nature no longer work. I have also noticed that dreams have some power over reality and vice versa. After a good dream, I wake up happy while after a terrible dream, I am never upbeat to face the day. Interestingly, just having a normal dream is not the ultimate when it comes to experiencing “false realities.” I was surprised to realize that not ...

Differences between Mind and Body

Our mind and body are the major constants in our lives. Philosophers and scientists have often raised questions on mind and body, the relation between the two. The starting point for any analysis would begin with a question - What is a mind and how does it differ from the body. Sure we all can view our bodies, but our mind remains hidden. Still, we can look at our brains but still not the mind as it is not capable of being inspected, in the same way, as a body is. A great deal of research has been done on the relation ...

Everyone is aware of the importance of sleep for their well-being, even if they do not know the specifics of how sleep functions. Lack of sleep results in a number of problems including daytime sleepiness, short term memory problems, difficulty with attention and concentration and low energy. Extended sleep deprivation can result in confusion, perceptual alterations and even psychotic symptoms. Sleep also has an important role in physical health. Sleep bolster the immune system and inadequate sleep across a period can result in your body’s inability to repair itself in an efficient manner. It’s not an accident that the ...

Report

In the dream, we spend a third of life. Sleep is a regular process of recovery. Healthy and proper sleep is the key to successful day and good mood. Scientists have estimated that the duration of sleep compared to the XIX century was reduced by 20%, and today about 60% of people suffer from chronic sleep deprivation, that is they regularly sleep less than genetically prescribed 7-9 hours. And according to researchers, chronic sleep deprivation was the result of the development of civilization. Each person needs good sleep for normal functioning of the organism. Unfortunately, to present date, for various ...

Sleep is an essential component of an individual‘s health and well being. Sleep is a biological system that ensures the body rebuilds itself. The duration of sleep is important in the promotion of attention send other cognitive processes. The period where one is awake takes a toll on the physical and the cognitive ability. Through sleep, physiological changes within the individual work in the repair. Scientific research indicates that sleep also increases mortality. There is a sufficient duration, continuity and intensity of sleep affects an individual. Insomnia is a disease that is associated with sleep deprivation. The lack of sleep proves to ...

The Terror That Comes In The Night" By David. J. Hufford Throughout history, human existence has been grounded on a certain pattern of beliefs and traditions that have guided them in their ever-changing environment. Moreover, these sets of beliefs and traditions have compounded to form a formidable culture that has become a point of reference to members of a particular community. However, these beliefs have been limited to what can be explained by the human conscious while ignoring crucial events that make a huge proportion of the human experience. The book “The terror that comes in the night,” by David Hufford seeks ...