Existence of God College Essays Samples For Students

Article Analysis

Article Analysis
Thomas Aquinas is one of the famous personalities of the medieval period. One of his famous works Summa Theologiae gives an account of eternal law, divine law, human positive law and the law of nature in order to explain the meaning of law . Aquinas considered eternal law as the wisdom of God who administers the actions and movements of the created cosmos. The following is an article analysis for Article 3 of Question 2 in the part I section of the book “Summa Theologiae”. In this article, Aquinas quotes an objection that God does not exist ...

Aquinas provides five arguments to prove the existence of god. He gives his first argument with motion. He says that the senses of the human beings testify that many of the things are in motion. Objects move when their potential motion transforms into real motion. An actual motion can only convert the mentioned potential motion. A thing cannot be both at the same time. Thus, a thing cannot move on its own. Then, it is sure that something else is moving things. It is impossible for the sequence of motion to go on ad infinitum. Thus, the mover who is ...

Copleston and Russell argued upon the metaphysical disagreement on the existence of God. This paper is an attempt to unravel the meanings behind Copleston’s arguments and to comprehend it further to be able to support the reality of God’s existence.

Copleston and Russell first agreed upon their understanding about the term “God”. By “God”, they mean the highest personal Being who is the creator of the world. The metaphysical argument was agreed upon by the two to be based from Leibniz’s argument about contingency.

Copleston explains that a 'contingent' being is a creature that possesses ...

Part I Question 2: Ontological arguments

Ontological arguments are a category of philosophical arguments that support the existence of God using ontology. There are many arguments classified under the category of ontological. Normally ontological arguments normally start a priory theory about how the universe is organized. The argument states that if it is true that the universe is organized, then it will give reasons as to why God must exist (Schlesinger, 85). They rationally support God’s existence. The ontological argument that God exists was first created in the proslogion of Anselm (1033-1109). Immanuel Kant was the first person to call the argument ‘ontological.’ Kant said that ...

Several theories and arguments have been put forth about the existence of God. There are arguments that try to prove the fact that God exists and there are those that disregard his existence. Some of those arguments include the ontological, cosmological and teleological. This essay will explore and analyze arguments concerning the existence of God using the ontological argument as propagated by Saint Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury. According to this argument, it is self contradictory to deny the fact that there exists a greater being. The truth is, according to the argument, that the greater being exists and the being ...

Philosophy

- The propositions differ with regard to the opinions and views held by different individuals. They do not belong to the foundation because they do not exist on their own but are derived from other factors. The doubt inherent in this regard is that a human could possibly be wrong and therefore should not necessarily form the standard for reference formulated them. We hold different beliefs, which may be contrary to propositions that others make. As such, while one thing may appear to be sensible to one person, it may be very different as per another person’s view. Everything ...

Introduction

J.P. Moreland a Christian theist and Kai Nielsen a renowned atheist debate on the existence of God was informative and dissimilar in both approach regarding the debating styles and intellectual priorities. Nielsen was quick to point out that he did not care about the archaic proof on a single resurrection event. Moreland, on the other hand, based his argument on Jesus resurrection event surprisingly along with cosmological science. This writing seeks to establish how Moreland and Nielsen defended their point of view on the debate whether God exists and whether ethics depends on the existence of God.
Nielsen style relied only ...

Rene Descartes was known as the leading contemporary scientist of Europe. During his lifetime, he was famous for the mathematical and mechanistic accounts that explored the fields of physics, cosmology, optics, physiology and biology. But merely a few decades after he passed away, his scientific systems were completely forgotten. But despite all this, Descartes still remains one of the widely read personalities of his age; the reason being not his scientific legacy but the developments of philosophy by him (Descartes). Yet the most significant works of Descartes include his proves about the existence of God and further study on the ...

It appears that McCloskey is trying to support and substantiate his case for atheism by adopting a very narrow and objective approach. The usage of terms like “proof” for different school of arguments indicates that McCloskey is keen to give a sense of finality to a very complex question by attempting to debunk the thought process behind the arguments that has been labeled as proof. Human mind has its own limitations. This universe is very complex and infinite. There are a lot of things which are beyond the comprehension of human mind. The question of existence of god is one such question that ...

Numerous debates have been produced relating to the ideology of atheism and religion. These arguments have been raised by scholars and individuals who believe that their opinions are irrefutable. However, both religious leaders and atheism propagators are surprised to learn that the arguments related to the existence of God lives on for centuries. These arguments were all refuted immediately they were implied. Some of the genuine arguments given consideration are those that emerged with the past hundred years. Feuerbach, Marx, and Freud propagated these arguments. Therefore, this paper will scrutinize some of their ideologies and concepts in relation to ...

The question concerning the existence of God exacerbates controversy in the theologian world. Which view shall one incline to? How will a person wager? Reason will not help in deciding the question since it cannot prove either wrong. According to Pascal, one must wager to a choice that offers the best interest. This paper will argue on God exists point of view where one will gain everything and lose nothing. Wager that he does exist. Pascal observes that if you believe in God and God exists you win while if God does not exist you will lose everything.
Aczel (par. ...

Philosophy questions

- St. Anselm in the 11th Century proposed the first ontology on the existence of God. In his argument, St. Anselm proposed that God’s existence is derived from the concept of, “being than which no greater can be conceived,” (“Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophy,” 2011). Therefore, a being that no greater than it can be conceived is God. However, his argument shows that it is necessary to belief in God, but does not, in fact, prove the existence of God.

Work cited

Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophy . “Ontological Arguments”; 2011. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ontological-arguments/ on October 13, 2014.
- Luke Tracy (2012) on ...

Do you think Anselm succeeds in proving that God exists? Why or why not? Anselm is a famous philosopher who presented an argument about the existence of God. His argument is referred to as Anselm’s Ontological Argument. He defines faith as seeking understanding (Anselm and Webb). He says faith is expressed by the love for God and striving daily to do His will. In my opinion, Anselm succeeded in his prove that God existed. God exists because of the great things that exist, and all because of His power. Even if God does not existence, there must be something ...

Greatest being

The fact that it is impossible to think of something greater than that which is thought to be the greatest places the existence of God as the most powerful and greatest being ever thought. Since nothing else greater than that which is thought to be the greatest thought of; then God (the greatest) exists in reality as well as in understanding. This aspect in Anselm's ideas is the most important because it proves the undeniable evidence of the existence of God (who fits the description of the greatest being ever thought of) to both atheists and believers of God. ...

Blaise Pascal formulated the Pascal’s wager in the seventeenth century. The mathematician and philosopher presented his thoughts in his Pensées. Pascal made his arguments based on probability theory and game theory. He tried to explain the reason why people should believe in the existence of God despite the fact that this cannot be proved or disapproved rationally. The wager attempts to justify people’s belief in God with an appeal to self-interest rather than an evidence- based argument. The argument thus suggests that it is rational for people to believe in god because it is in our ...

The philosophy on the existence of God is highly visionary, but also one of the most controversial. In most cases, philosophers argue that a deity and controls all beings. However, no one establishes specifically where the being resided and the true nature of the being. In his meditations, Rene Descartes tries to prove to the philosophy world that God exists. He laid forward a number of arguments o show that God truly exists and demystified most of the views that God did not exist. This paper analyzes the statements and arguments by Rene Descartes in support of the view that God ...

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Surprise ending

At the beginning of the reading, Descartes devotes himself to uncovering the truth about himself using any viable means. In search of his answers, Descartes applies known methods. He applies a widely known philosophical adage that ‘I think, so I exist’ (Descartes, 2010). He also tries to pretend that his thoughts are illusions of his dream about his existence. He later found that to think that his thoughts are dreams or illusions justify the philosophy that he thinks, thus, he must exist. All his known methods of getting a solution to explain his existence prove to be futile. ...

Historically, there have been numerous attempts by religious philosophers to explain and prove the existence of God. However, it has attracted numerous attention from scholars, critics and researchers who have contributed significantly in understanding this contentious argument. Therefore, there has been different versions of the argument, which purport and indicate that it is self contradictory, denying that there exists a supreme being. Religious philosophers state that it is a reasonable belief that God exists because anybody purporting that nothing exists would have to exist, and they would be defeating their own argument. People who argue against the existence God conceive and ...

Aquinas, Augustine and Aquinas’s View of God

In advancing arguments for the existence of God, three of the biggest names in Catholic Church theology could be called the three As—Anselm, Augustine and Aquinas. While both came to the conclusion that God could be proved, they approached the argument in different ways that were reflective of their world view and view of God. This essay examines each thinker’s view of god and argument for his existence.
Augustine, also known as Augustine of Hippo, and known in The Church as St Augustine, was influence both in Christianity and philosophy. One contemporary of him, St Jerome ...

Many people have taken existence of evil and suffering as an ultimate doubt to the existence of God (Oppy & Scott, 4). Oppy and Scott (5) indicates that, it is communicated in terms of repudiation of God’s existence. According to Oppy and Scott (6) sometimes it is communicated in terms of s refutation of the existence of God. In other cases, it is argued as an emotional rejection of a God who let such evil and suffering to people. Oppy and Scott (6) indicates that for many years, many people have tried to rebut the existence of God owing existence ...

Philosophy and God

Philosophy and God

Abstract

The issue whether God really exist or it is just an imagination created in minds of people has been debated for centuries. Many scientists and philosophers believe that God does not exist. They have challenged believers to scientifically or logically prove that God really exists. Ontological arguments have been put in place by theology philosophers with the aim of proving, logically and scientifically, the existence of God. Philosophers such as Anselm and Aquinas have put across some logical arguments to prove that God really exists. On the other hand, some atheists such as Bertrand Russell have ...

The Existence of God

The world is definitely the most marvelous and exciting gift ever received. Though everyone is constantly facing various hardships along the way and has to overcome rather complicated challenges, it is still worth living for. Nothing could be compared to the possibility of admiring sunsets, walking in the rain or simply inhaling the smell of the flowers around. The whole universe is ready to present its breathtaking wonders and reveal all mysteries to those who are ready to experience the unknown and set off on an unforgettable and adventurous journey. The biggest mystery is surely the creation of the ...

Many centuries ago, there have been arguments on whether or not there is the existence of God. These arguments are the result of atheists and believers. Atheists are people who believe that God and other supernatural beings are man-made ideas. The existence of many religions is also as a result of differences in beliefs about God. Theism, from which theistic is derived, is that belief in the existence of God or gods. From a religious point of view, a God is either a normal or supernatural being. Some religions have one supreme God while others have many gods. The ...

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Introduction
This perennial question about the existence of God has always been the favorite topic in many debates. It seems that this issue has never been laid to rest yet. This time, the debate was hosted by Birmingham University, in October 2011, and the protagonists were Professors William Lane Craig, who defended the issue on the existence of God, against Professors Peter Millican, a skeptic and atheist himself, who believes that God does not exist. Both were top calibers in their own field of expertise and they presented their position thoroughly well. I agree with Professor William ...

Philosophy of Religion – Pascal’s Wager

The question of existence of God has been a bone of contention among many philosophers ever since philosophy existed. Earlier the arguments in favor of God dominated, but later, close to the time of modernity, it appears as if arguments against God’s existence have dominated, irrespective of the validity and plausibility of the arguments. However, even in the modern times, many philosophers tried to defend the existence of God. Among those Blaise Pascal was also one whose argument became famous with the name of Pascal’s wager. The main idea of the argument was that one must wager for ...

DISCUSSION ONE

McCloskey indicates several times in his article, “On Being an Atheist”, that the arguments provided in a classical dimension in regard to existence of God, referred as “proof” do not provide an assurance or an absolute certain in relation to his existence. He supports his argument with teleological as well as cosmological proofs that have been used to argue that God exists and he is all-powerful, all knowing and all-perfect. According to McCloskey, theists, specifically Christians have use these dimensions of classical proofs to argue that God is all-knowing and all-perfect, however, they have failed to provide evidence ...

The novel "The Stranger" by Albert Camus is one of the most important and popular of his works. It has a direct connection with the philosophy of existentialism and the absurd like most of the works of the author. The writer once again demonstrates the human and social relationships, as well as the internal conflict of the man himself by the example of the protagonist's life and feelings. The problem of the story touches upon many issues, but one of the main problems is the existence of God. The life of the protagonist Meursault is the way to truth ...

Introduction and Thesis

The existence of God occurs as one of the most widely coveted topics that have generated intense debate across various settings all around the globe. In fact, God’s existence has and continues to boggle various individuals drawn from various religions including Islam, Christianity, and Hinduism. Across various religious doctrines, God is perceived to be all-powerful being with immense and unconceivable “might.” Across all the religions God occurs as the principle subject that is often preached, worshipped and discussed. According to St. Anselm, the existence of an all-powerful being is a conception of the mind. Precisely, St, Anselm notes that ...

The difference between natural reason and divine revelation is mainly based on the relationship between theology and philosophy. Reason entails matters to deal with the truths as well as making deductions relating to human nature and the general world. Reason therefore gives the truth but a partial view of human nature. Reasoning is therefore mainly based on philosophical thinking. Divine revelation on the other hand goes beyond philosophical theory and drawing of conclusions relating to realty and human nature using religion and faith as the main basis. Divine revelation involves matters pertaining to God and how the human beings fully ...

In his treatise entitled “Meta-atheism: Religious Avowal as Self-Deception,” Georges Rey outlines in quite clear terms his rationale for doubting the true existence of theists and of the possibility that thinking, educated people could harbor an innate belief in the existence of God. Rey’s strongest arguments are evidentiary in nature. In other words, the absence of any clear, objective evidence that God exists establishes a strong foundation upon which to base the contention that there is no such being. As such, Rey contends that “the reasons for atheism are obvious, and not dependent on subtle metaphysics or sophisticated theories of ...

There are several arguments that have been presented in a bid to try to explain the existence of God. Even though they are based on certain philosophical issues, there exist pros and cons against each formulated issue. It’s therefore, not surprising to find that an argument has the same number of proponents and opponents. Even though there are several theories out there about the existence of God, some are quite valid while the rest are just mere imaginations. A significant argument about the existence of God is the cosmological argument. The cosmological argument heavily borrows from the existence ...

Response Paper

Response Paper
The presence and existence of God is seen in our daily lives through the practices and the relevant undertaking that we pass through without knowledge of how successfully they pass. To be aware of God, however, implies that one is certain of the belief in His dominical that surrounds every human being, and in everything that is in the universe. McCloskey in his article, “On Being Atheist” attempts to provide proof that the existence of God is not true; with various claims why atheism is a much easier concept to understand compared to theism (McCloskey, 1968). However, ...

Introduction

The World Bewitched (1965) was written by Bekker to outline theological and philosophical viewpoints that challenged the notion that ghosts, devils, and angels had an influence on historical events, as well as nature.The story was written at a time when Christianity was being perfected in England and the rest of Europe. During this time, The World Bewitched (1965) was written, Bekker served as a minister in Amsterdam. Protestants needed a philosophical and theological approach to accentuate the assumption that God was the ruler of the world. The need to project God as the authority while discrediting the influence of ...

Philosophy

Introduction
The question about the existence of God is one of the most debatable in the world. In the course of centuries, a lot of philosopher of different religions and even atheists try to prove or to object the existence of God. Thomas Aquinas is one of the most prominent and influential philosophers and theologians in history, the founder of the theological and philosophical school of Thomism, and the saint of the Catholic Church. Summa Theologica is one of the most famous treatises of Thomas Aquinas. It was launched in 1265, and until his death (1274) it remained incomplete. ...

Whether or not God exists is one of the most foundational questions humans have asked. While the traditional scientific viewpoint is that conclusively demonstrating whether or not there is a God is impossible, a number of philosophical and theological arguments have emerged that have attempted to do just that – recognize that God does exist and prove it through an argument. Soren Kierkegaard was one such philosopher. He argued that while God exists, his existence could not be proven and only grasped through faith. Other philosophers and theologians have gone even farther than Kierkegaard and have argued that God’s ...

Rabbi Maimonides is a medieval Jewish philosopher who wields considerable influence on Jewish thought and on philosophy in general. He also contributed significantly to the codification of the Jewish law. His writings and views hold a prominent place in Jewish intellectual history. In the Guide for the Perplexed, Maimonides explores the concept of God and explains the plausible description of God according to Torah. Maimonides also spends significant amount of time in trying to understand the structure and characteristics of the universe. To this point, it becomes important that Maimonides wrote the book before scientific discoveries, so he draws from Aristotelian ...

Be the morality and the religion or are they interrelated? It is the question that the chapter written by Iris Murdoch about morality and the religion. The natural appears in the book of A world of Ideas Textbook, and it has precious information about the two concepts. The paper will not only rely on that book but will also seek information from other two sources which talk about the two idea. The combination of the three sources will result in a fascinating paper. Therefore, the paper will be a synthesis of combined of different sources to review and discuss ...

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the philosophical arguments of Descartes, focusing on the surprises and points of realization in his selected reading of “Descartes’ Discourse on the Method (Part IV).
In Descartes’ Discourse on the Method, Descartes has adopted the approach of reasoning for explaining his existence. In order to explore the culture of human beings, Descartes has traveled to various other countries around the world. Culture reflects the living standards of human being that are related to the existence of one’s self (Descartes, 2015). In addition to this, Descartes wanted to eliminate his innate ...

Since time exceeding back memory, people have had different views in as far as the existence of God and the universe are concerned. Theist believe that God exists and He is the creator of the universe while atheists, such as Stephen Hawking, are of the opinion that the existence of God is simply a delusion and that the universe is simply as a result of evolution through forces of nature. Each of these two opposing sides has come up with its own theories and arguments to support its view. These contrasting beliefs have had a significant impact on people’s way of ...

In this paper I summarize, analyze, and critique "Can science prove that God does not exist.", by Theodore Schick Jr, on pages 484 to 487, a contemporary issue in Chapter 5 of the textbook. I discuss it with references to the chapter in MLA format. A short summary of the argument is provided, and then analysis is conducted on two underlying assumptions. Analysis of the assumptions is the type of analysis that is necessary to understand philosophy in these different contemporary issues. Often the actual logic used is sound; however, the underlying assumptions for the logic are typically not supportable. ...

An Appealing Answer Defeated by Assumptions

In his book, Think, Blackburn summarizes the major approaches to justifying the existence of God (1999, pp. 152-185). In each case, major weaknesses are identified in the thinking process that makes the final proof elusive. However, the next approach to this problem he presents is appealing. If philosophy cannot develop an approach to convincingly justify the existence of God and support belief in God in that way, perhaps it can formulate reasons for why it is logical to believe in God by examining the various outcomes of believing or not believing. This logic would be useful even without absolute ...

There are quite a number of arguments on the existence of God. First is the ontological argument that seeks to prove that God exists based on reason. It argues that one does not necessarily have to prove any evidence to justify God’s existence. This in my opinion is the paramount argument, as the existence of God seems to be too obvious to doubt. The fact that there is a God makes sense to most people.

The first cause argument is also used to argue a case for God’s existence. Here, God is presumed to exist given the existence of the ...

Radical skepticism was just a tool in the rationalist philosophy of Rene Descartes, since he wanted to establish clear and distinct proof for the existence of minds and bodies, and found that ultimately he was unable to doubt his own existence. From this he derived the fundamental precept of Cogito ergo sum (I think therefore I exist) and from this went on to affirm the existence of God and the physical universe. No sane or rational person could seriously doubt their own existence or the reality of physical objects outside of themselves, no matter how flawed or imperfect human perceptions ...

In his “Third Meditation,” Descartes puts forward two arguments for the existence of God. They are the ‘Proof of God’ argument and the ‘Human Error’ argument. It is interesting that he felt the need for two arguments to prove the existence of God. The main difference appears to be that the first argument is suitable for people who are already believers of God. If, however, an individual is not a believer, the second argument may be more relevant to them.
Descartes claimed that there are three types of ideas. These are Innate, Factitious, and Adventitious (Meditation). Innate ideas, he ...

Today’s philosophy is still discussing the ontological dilemma of God’s existence. St. Anselm is one of the first philosophers who tried to solve this task with arguments in an own manner. The central problem with the ontological argument has not changed in the last thousand years, and the debate is still built around the question whether there is the evidence that proves the existence of God.

An Explanation and Discussion of the St. Anselm’s Ontological Argument

St. Anselm tried to clarify whether God exists only in the mind as an idea, or it exists in reality. In his opinion, the argument to prove the existence of God ...

Rene Descartes (1596-1650) is one of the great thinkers who stood at the origins of modern European science. He studied at the Jesuit college of La Fleche. After military service he moved to the Netherlands, where he spent 20 years in solitary scientific and philosophical studies. The persecution of Dutch theologians forced him to move to Sweden (1649), where he died. . . . (Descares, Cottingham, Stoothoff & Murdoch 1).
In his works there are organically combined interest in the ontological problem, the development and justification of the method of knowledge, in-depth research and discoveries in the field of mathematics, physics, cosmogony, and ...

1. Why it is reasonable for a survivor of the holocaust to continue believing that God exists
The Holocaust was an atrocious experience to the individuals that went through it. A survivor of the Holocaust must have suffered the pain of losing loved ones and going through pain and torture at the hands of fellow human beings.
However, despite the suffering, it is reasonable in my view for a survivor to continue believing that God exists because of the following reasons:
a) God created the universe, and in creating human beings, He gave them free will with consequences for ...

It seems that there is no philosophy more vulnerable to external, rational criticism, than the philosophy of Descartes. The literary form of his works is nothing short of doubt. For example, his main work "Discourse on Method” is rather a fiction than a philosophical treatise; or I’d rather say, it’s a kind of notes about his life: experience, thoughts, or feelings. Moreover, they are difficult to reconcile in a single work. However, Descartes manages to question absolutely everything in the world in dozens of pages under the same title, then to find a way out of this, ...

It is very hard to determine the religious views of the philosopher if he has quite definite atheistic inclinations. Didrot believed that from the time he renounces his reasons and start blindly believing into the higher forces that act without no clear logic and explanation he will lose himself and his way of life. With these words he hints that actually he has nothing against the God and would lovely accept him if there are significant reasons to do it. The gift of eternal life in Paradise is not a worthy gift as its existence cannot be proofed.
The ...

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Gods or goddesses and their activities have been portrayed in numerous scriptures for centuries. In many of such narrations, Gods reflected the traits of human beings as well, and for which they could generally be termed as myths. Myths try to resolve mysteries, like how the universe was formed or how a particular place got its significance and explain the relevance of practicing certain customs and traditions. However, no interpretations have been clearly flawless to answer the puzzle of sufferings and evil when they attempted to define God.
The topic has been a bone of ...

1. Briefly explain St. Anselm’s ontological argument for the existence of God. Explain one problem that this argument faces.

St Anselm’s ontological argument is an attempt at proving the existence of god through a purely. Anselm gets into the idea of the definition of God. In that definition he believes that God, he believes the definition of God is that nothing greater can be conceived. He believes that the greatest being conceivable must exist because otherwise it is not the greatest being conceived since existence is greater than non-existence. Anselm uses this line of thought to “prove” the existence of God.

There are a number of problems with this argument. Because if one believes that the ontological argument ...

All religions in the world believe in the existence of an all-powerful and all-good God. They believe that God created all things on earth. Evil is also a thing. There is so much anguish and suffering on earth that critics have questioned whether God created evil or not. Questions have been asked that if God is Almighty and all-knowing then why did He create disasters, diseases and wars to inflict excruciating pain on man. So if God is all-good and all-powerful why does evil exist? These are some of the fundamental questions that Augustine seeks answers. Additionally, he also writes ...

In my view, God actually exists. I concur with the cosmological argument. The universe must be contingent. Human being has been so much curious to understand his existence and that of the world in general. The fact is that the world came into existence, it is contingent, and certain events and beings are casually contingent. The undoubted cause of these facts is the unmoved mover. There must have been a force behind all these, and this force is none other than the creator. In this discussion, my guiding factor is the existence of a contingent being, with an explanation for his ...

Critical Commentary On Anselm’s Ontological “Proof” For The Existence Of God

In this commentary, I shall offer a philosophical analysis of Anselm of Canterbury’s work The Proslogion, paying special attention to his “ontological argument” for the existence of God. I will refer to the text as reprinted in the anthology Readings in Christian Thought (Second Edition) edited by Hugh T. Kerr. All quotes are primary source citations from Anselm and refer to the translation prepared by Eugene R. Fairweather, reprinted in Kerr’s edition.
As Kerr points out in his brief introduction to the “Ontological Argument” excerpt from The Proslogion, the original subtitle of the text is “Faith Seeking ...

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the aspect of realism in religion. This paper appreciates the coexistence of realists and non realists with respect to their entitled views. However, this tries to examine the aspects of religion that makes it real. These aspects are explained in a way to help one understand the realism in religion. Therefore, this paper in its findings tries to answer the question: Should we be realists or non-realists about religious claims?
This paper is guided by the following questions: does realism in religion exist? How can we prove that realism exists in religion? Why should we accept ...

Descarte's Ontological arguments focus on the reality about the existence of God. On the other hand, Ahuangzi's arguments focus on the reality about life and knowledge. Despite the fact that there are various philosophers who have criticized these works, there are various reasons to support them.
Secondly, in his fifth ontological argument, Descartes holds a strong belief that God is a supremely perfect being. This means that God has all the positive attributes that entail a perfect human being. Such attributes includes omnipotence, honesty, existence and benevolence. However, Descartes makes refutable conclusion that God’s perfection is dependent on his existence. In ...

Introduction -

Thomas Aquinas posited five proofs for the existence of God in his Summa Theologica, one of the most influential theological philosophy treatises in history. For Aquinas, one need not look beyond the evidence of the natural world to find reasons to believe in God, a presence without which motion, natural design or physical existence itself would be impossible. Aquinas sought to modify many of the rational systems that had been in place for centuries, such as the arguments attributed to Anselm. In his way, Aquinas tried to resolve the mystery of faith with a growing desire to introduce some notion of ...

The existence of God is a question which has caused much debate for many years. A vast number of philosophers, such as Pascal, have attempted to resolve the issue but, so far, none has managed to convince enough people either way.
The Design Argument claims that an Higher Intelligence exists which designed and created the Universe (IEP, 2012). Pre-Darwin, the Design theorists claimed that evidence for this was in the apparent design of nature. Following Darwin’s theory, the Design Argument was revised to agree that the process of Evolution took place, but that an Higher Being set it ...

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Introduction
This perennial question about the existence of God has always been the favorite topic in many debates. It seems that this issue has never been laid to rest yet. This time, the debate was hosted by Birmingham University, in October 2011, and the two top-caliber debaters were Professor William Lane Craig, who defended the issue on the existence of God, against Professor Peter Millican, a skeptic and atheist himself, who believes that God does not exist. Both were conversant in their own field of expertise and they presented their positions thoroughly well. This paper will then ...

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Introduction
The evil-God challenge is an offshoot of the unending debate over the existence of God on the basis of the problem of evil. In this current presentation, Law simply improved the discourse by enhancing its sophistication through his theory of reverse theodicy and theory of symmetrical logic. However, the persistence of this discourse without conclusive resolution flows from several flaws that will be discussed in adequate detail in Critique section of this paper. The critique will be grounded upon the accepted definitions of ‘evil’ and ‘God’ from the religious tradition of Catholicism, ...