Mole Reports Samples For Students

Lab report on Preparation of Aspirin

Lab report on Preparation of Aspirin
Introduction
The chemical name for aspirin is the acetylsalicylic acid and is a drug that is used as an antipyretic. Aspirin reduces fever, relieves the pain and inflammation (Thomson Healthcare, 2012). The compound structure of acetylsalicylic acid has an ester group and is produced through an esterification reaction. Aspirin is synthesized through a reaction of salicylic acid with acetic acid using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The reaction equation occurs as shown below.
The experiment aimed at synthesizing aspirin, providing an opportunity to familiarize with vacuum filtration as well as melting point techniques. ...

Introduction

Miscues analysis concerns itself more with the kinds or level of miscues committed rather than the real quantity of miscues. Once the reading session is completed and the student has finished the story retelling, the miscues which have been recorded at the transcript require be classifying or analyzing.

Transcript
The Robot and Mr. Mole
This is a robot.
His nose is a cone.
His legs are made of hose.
He falls into a hole.
“I can help”, says Mr. Mole.
“Go up this rope”, says Mr. Mole.
“Thank you Mr. Mole” says the robot.
...

Introduction

An acid that gives two hydrogen ions for every acid molecule is known as diprotic acid. Examples of such acids are sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), oxalic acid (H2C2O4), chromic acid (H2CrO4) and carbonic acid (H2CO3). Dissociation of a diprotic acid in water takes place in two stages. In the first stage, the diprotic acid dissociates to give one hydrogen ion and a monoprotic form of the acid.
H2X(aq) H+(aq) + HX-(aq)
The second stage involves the dissociation of the monoprotic form of the acid to give the second hydrogen ion and fully dissociated form of ...

The heat of capacity is usually a positive sign and hence the value for the heat capacity of the calorimeter can be given as 23.4 ± 0.1 J/OC.

Sample for the Calculations Using Trial #1

The weight of cold water was calculated by getting the difference between the weight of the calorimeter together with cold water and the weight of calorimeter as follows
Weight of cold water=51.7g-3.3g
=48.4 grams

The weight of hot water was calculated as follows

=Final weight of calorimeter + water -Weight of calorimeter + cold water
=100.4 g-51.7 g
=48.7 grams

The heat lost by hot water was calculated as follows

heat lost=heat capacity of water ×change in temperature×wight of hot water
=4.18 Jg-1℃-1×48.7 g×7.3 ℃
...

A
When water is added to lead chloride, the solute sparingly dissolves with some undisclosed particles settling at the bottom of the beaker. Lead chloride is only sparingly soluble in water. When the dilute hydrochloric acid is added to the saturated solution of lead chloride, a white precipitate is formed. This is because of the common ion effect where the excess chloride ions from HCL cause lead chloride to precipitate.
Pb2+ aq + 2Cl-aq PbCl2 s
B
0.1M lead nitrate +0.1M sodium oxalate

Ionic Equations:

Pb2+ (aq) +C2O42- (aq) PbC2O4(s)
Na+ (aq) + NO3-(a) NaNO3 (aq)
Lead ...

Introduction

The purpose of this experiment is to assist one to learn how different equipment in the laboratory is being use when carrying out the experiment. It tests the level of accuracy required when using different apparatus for measuring the volume. For very approximate result of volume, a beaker or conical flask is preferred when measuring volumes of liquids.

Accurate methods of measurement

This is done by the use of burette, conical flask and pipette. These measuring apparatus are discussed below.
When a much more accurate measurement is required, always measuring cylinders are preferred Measuring cylinders, which are much more accurate than beakers and conical.

Also volumetric pipettes and volumetric flask the mostly used apparatus used when measuring accurate volume.

...

Re: A column to separate an Acetone-Methanol mixture

The objective of the project was to optimize the design of a column used to process a supply stream containing 35 percent acetone at 30oC. The optimized design should turn out a distillate product containing 0.75 mole fraction of acetone and 0.0010 fraction of bottoms acetone. The outcome of the experiment produced a distillate product containing 0.0079 molar fraction of acetone.

The molar fraction of acetone in the first inlet stream was determined to be 0.14 lbmol/min. Also, the total flow rate of the second inlet stream and the total gas flow rate were determined to be 61.84 lbmoles/min ...

Purpose:

The purpose of this experiment is to determine the chemical formula. Here the chemical formula will be determined from the oxide of the metal. The metal is to be identified from the given mass.

Calculation:

Mass of crucible, lid and metal are given to be 38.834 gram whereas the mass of crucial and lid are 37.933 gram and 37.938 gram respectively. Hence it can be said that the constant mass of crucible and lid is 37.936 gram. Hence, the mass of the metal which is used can calculated as
(38.834 - 37.936) gram=0.898 gram.
After the first heating the mass ...

Introduction

During the Solubility Product experiment you calculated the Solubility Product, Ksp, for calcium hydroxide, an ionic solid that is sparingly soluble in water. This was achieved by titrating a saturated solution of Ca(OH)2 prepared at a certain temperature. The saturated, aqueous, solution of Ca(OH)2 is represented in equation form as shown below.

The equilibrium expression for calcium hydroxide is shown below.

Ksp = [Ca2+][OH–]2 Eq. 1
Equilibrium constants are temperature-dependent and the value of an equilibrium constant can be related to temperature and the Gibbs Free Energy, Gº, through the equation:
∆G°=-RTlnK Eq. 2
In this case we can substitute our ...

Introduction

Substances vary from one another in the amount of heat needed to produce a rise in temperature in a given quantity of gas. The quantity of heat needed to change the temperature of a system is proportional to the mass of that system as well as the change of temperature. This is expressed as where Q is the amount of heat required, m is the mass of the system, c is the specific heat, and is a change in temperature. The values of specific heat depend on some extend of temperature. In small temperatures, the specific heat is considered ...

Introduction

In the Northern Ireland, oil heating serves as the main source of heating for the domestic properties. Several investigations conducted on heating sources within the Northern Ireland have revealed that close to 65% of households depend on oil heating; however, the use of the same has been on the rise in the rural areas and the percentage stands at 80% (Lienhard & Lienhard, 2011). The original heating equipment for oil in rural areas have helped in reducing the use of energy, as well as, cost amounting to 40% besides lowering air emissions. The majority of the oil heating projects often ...

Introduction

Using membrane for gas separation by numerous industries and fields is highly associated with easy operability, low energy costs, light weight and compactness of the process.

Organizational need

There is an organizational need by Learning Curve Consultants’ client to generate relatively pure nitrogen and oxygen gasses within the organization for the application in various processes through the use of high-pressure air as feed. The client has the need to investigate the possibility of employing the use of polymer membranes to produce both nitrogen and oxygen gasses. As a consequence, the customer has presented the team with two bench scale gas membrane ...

In the first part of the experiment, approximately 2 g of zinc and 2 g of iodine were weighed into two separate weighing boats. In the actual weighing, the accurate masses of the zinc and the iodine were 1 8885 g and 2.399 g, respectively. Next, a clean and dry 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask was weighed. When the flask was empty, it weighed 95.9610 g. Afterwards, when the initially weighed zinc and iodine were added, the flask and its contents weighed 100.120 g. Five mL of vinegar (an acid) was then added into the same flask for the desired ...

Purpose:

The purpose of the experiment is to find the heat solution for sodium sulphate dehydrate (Na2SO4.10H2O)
Discussion:
It is given that the volume and density of the taken water is 25 ml and 0.99826 g / ml respectively. From the values of density and volume, the mass of the water can be calculated. Using the formula,
Density = mass / volume;
the mass of the water can be determined and here it is calculated to be 24.957 g. Initial temperature and final temperature are given here and these are 19.7 ° C and 24.2 ° C respectively. It is also given that ...

Section ____________________

Stoichiometric Data (For any reactants that are part of the balanced equation, base on the amounts measured in lab)
Figure 3-sulfolene
Figure IR spectrum for cis-4-Cyclopentant – 1,2 dicarboxylic acid anhydride
Figure from experiment in the text

NMR 1 from lab results endo norbornene-cis-5,6 dicarboxylic anhydride

Figure 2 from lab results the exo norbornene-cis-5,6 dicarboxylic anhydride (less stable)
Theoretical from http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/local/organic/pericyclic/p1_sigma.html

Discussion

Figure 1.The diene (1,3 butadiene) plus the ethane (sulfolene) produce a cyclohexene (either the endo or exo isomer depending on reaction conditions).
Figure 2. Under acidic conditions to sulfuric acid the endo isomer plus water form the less stable exo isomer
...

Background theory

Equipment used in the experiment: Burette, pipette, pipette filler, clamp and stand, a small and a large beaker, three conical flasks, white paper, phenolphthalein indictor, dilute solutions of HCl and H2SO4 of unknown molarities, and 0.10 dm–3 NaOH.

Equations, diagrams, and calculations:

Concentration of the sulphuric acid solution
Molarity of the alkaline solution of NaOH 0.10 mol. dm–3
As found in the experiment,
Average volume of H2SO4 is 11.15 cm3 = 0.01115 dm3
H2SO4 → H2+ + SO4–
NaOH →Na++ OH–
H2+ + SO4–+ 2Na + 2OH → Na2+ + SO4–+ 2H2 O
Thus, the hydrogen ions in H2SO4 reacted with hydroxide ions ...

Abstract

This experiment sort to find an accurate and most viable method that would be used in laboratories to the measurement of iron concentration in aqueous samples. The methodologies that were identified for further analysis included; colorimetric assay (molecular spectroscopy), flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, redox titration (volumetric) and cation exchange chromatography (EMA technique). These methods were analyzed of their advantages and later subjected to a validation test. In the process, a wide range of CRMs were used alongside six other samples that contained unknown iron concentration.

The experiment was thus, geared towards providing answers to statements like; the necessity of quantification of ...