Essays on Arbitrage

INTERNET BUSINESS

Abstract: A usage of internet has become popular in the field of business. E-business is the business which the business owners can sell and buy the products over the internet. It keeps the preserve to hold the position on the competitive market. It helps to increase the role of internet and increase the market share. With the help of websites, the startup business has been utilized the essential characteristics of the business facility provided on the internet business. The improvement of information technology in the internet business plays an active role in the startup business. It offers online service ...

QUESTION A

Credit Default Swap It is a financial instrument lenders use to hedge default risk. The lender acquires a CDS and pays premiums to the CDS seller who takes the default risk (Lasher 200). If the borrower defaults, then the CDS seller pays the par value of the loan to the lender. The CDS seller also pays the protection buyer accrued interests on the loan during the intervening period.

Cash flows in case of no default

Annual CDS premium = 4% × 1,000,000 = $40,000 Quarterly payments = 40,000/4 = $10,000 A will pay quarterly CDS premiums to B for the three years. At the end of ...

QUESTION A

Definition of Credit Default Swaps A CDS is an instrument used to transfer the risk of default or credit exposure between two or more parties (Fabozzi and Kothari, 2008). It protects the lender from the possible loss of default by the borrower. The lender (protection buyer) pays premiums to the CDS seller. In return, the CDS seller guarantees to pay the lender the face value of the loan plus interests due in the intervening period if the borrower defaults.

Cash flows

Annual CDS premium = 4% × 1,000,000 = $40,000 Quarterly payments = 40,000/4 = $10,000 The borrower does not default ...

QUESTION A

A Credit Default Swap is a swap that protects the lender from the risk of loss resulting from the default by the borrower. The protection buyer of the CDS (the lender) makes periodic income payments (CDS premiums) to the protection seller who in return guarantees to pay the lender the principal in case the borrower defaults.

Cash flows when there is no default

Notional amount = $1 million Annual CDS premium = 4% × 1,000,000 = $40,000 Quarterly CDS premium = $10,000 If the borrower does not default, the protection seller will make a profit of $120,000 at the end of the third year ($10,000 ...

Vodafone

Vodafone

The move to sell Verizon does not fit the better-off and best alternative tests, which require that a business unit should gain competitive advantage from its link with the firm. The test requires that the company as a whole must be financially more valuable with the offering than without it (Mathur & Kenyon, 2008). Selling Verizon is likely to affect the unit cost of other offerings considering that data and voice services often go hand in hand. Vodafone and Verizon are interdependent and hence the decision to sell Verizon must not be separately analyzed. Being without Verizon is not ...

INTERNATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT

Methods used by JPMorgan in the valuations Discounted equity value considering price/earnings recurring in FY 2014-15 of 4.0x to 7.0x: ranging from $7.00 to $13.50 for each stock. Trading multiples earnings/price multiples of 4.0x to 7.0x and consensus EPS of$1.79 per share: ranging from $7.25 to $13.00 for each stock. Analyst price targets of $9.00 to $18.50 for each stock. 52-week dealing range of $9.43 to $18.32 for each stock

Ranges of the JPMorgan methods

DCF using Street agreement case: $15.25 to $19.25 per share. DCF using Street low case: $9.50 to $11.50 per single share. DCF relating Street high case: $19.25 to $ ...

What is a cartel? (5 marks)

The companies in a market might collude to set the prices by making explicit or implicit agreements between them on the market price, sharing the market geographically, or controlling the quantity supplied in the market. The agreement between the companies in a specific market might create an oligopoly behaving like a monopoly. The companies might set the price, and all the agreement partners might obey the agreement. If the companies can create a large market power, they might behave like one monopolist. Cartel is the situation of existence of an explicit or implicit agreement between the companies in a ...

Abstract

Do the imbalances in current accounts still matter in today’s deep global financial markets that exhibit two-way gross economic flows that dwarf the new outcomes provided by current accounts? Contrasting the adult perception of the world and complete markets, extreme current account imbalances indicate severe financial and macroeconomic stresses, particularly as was the case in the mid-2000s. The increasingly massive valuation differences in nations’ net global investment standards and positions, as well as risk allocations, cannot be relied upon to offset the variations in regional wealth systematically as implied in the current accounts. The same conditions that warrant ...

Part A: Multiple Choice Questions:

The seller must have market power, that is the seller must have some control over price The seller must be able to identify different customer groups with different demand elasticities The seller must be able to prevent arbitrage between the two groups All of the above You’ve just decided to add a new line to your manufacturing plant. Compute the expected loss/profit from the line addition if you estimate the following:

There is a 70% chance that profits will increase by $100,000.

There is a 20% chance that profits will remain the same. There is a 10% chance that profits will decrease by $15,000. Loss of $15,000 ...

International finance

Question 1: Uses of the balance of payment data It is used in the recording of economic transactions of the residents of a particular country to the rest of the world within a given period. Current account shows the total net amount a particular country is earning if it’s in excess or spending when in shortage. It’s calculated by net income from exports fewer payments from the imports. While the capital account; deals with the recording of the ownership of the foreign assets. It involves the reserve account and loans and investments a country and the rest ...

Introduction

In 2008, the entire world was rocked by the biggest financial crisis since the Great Depression. The crisis first affected the entire financial system of the United States before then quickly spread globally. The casualties of the crisis included the whole investment banking industry of the US. Other casualties were the US largest insurance company, largest mortgage lender, among other firms in the financial services sector. The US auto industry was severely hit leading to loss of jobs. The US unemployment rate increased by 4.9% points from the third quarter of 2007 to the third quarter of 2009. The ...

When the Genius Failed-The Rise &Fall of Long Term Capital Management (LTCM) provides in depth insight into the world of hedge funds (Lowenstein, 2001). It outlines useful lessons to investors by illustrating the way capital markets can be severe on individuals and entities that have reduced capital markets to precise mathematical and scientific analysis. The text explores who the leading characters are, how they grew, marketed and managed the long term funds, and the factors that led to their collapse. Ideally, the author attempts to make complex financial concepts and structures easy to understand. The book provides examples suggesting ...

The book chosen for review is considered to be one of the most important for understanding the complicated system of derivatives and general reasons of economic crisis. When genius failed: the rise and fall of long-term capital management is the book written by financial journalist Roger Lowenstein who has written articles for the "Wall Street Journal" for more than two years. He has published three books and also initiated various publications for "Smart Money" and "The New York Times". The work When genius failed: the rise and fall of long-term capital management provides readers with fundamental basis for deep ...

PART A- Questions related to ‘The Mystery of the Invisible Hand’

Jevons Marshall is a fictitious pen name used by the true author(s) of the book. Who really wrote the book? What makes ‘Jevons Marshall’ a clever choice for the pen name in this case? Answer. The pseudonym Jevons Marshall is used by two renowned professors of economics who are William Breit and Kenneth G. Elzinga. The pen name is derived from the surnames of two famous economists named Alfred Marshall and William Jevons. The pen name made from the names of these two economists is deliberately used for writing mystery novels based on economics as where the former ( ...

Question 1

Beta is a measure of a project’s risk relative to the entire market . There are several factors that determine the value of beta of a project when it is calculated from domestic stock index against the world stock index. They include; financial leverage, operating leverage and the nature of the project . Financial leverage is the amount of debt in a firm’s capital structure. Payment of interest on debt is a contractual obligation and is fixed. Fixed financing costs cause profits after tax of a project to vary with changes in sales and earnings before interest and tax. Financial leverage increases a project financial ...