Essays on Filter Paper

Research Question

The effect of increasing the concentration of two reactants, i.e. Calcium Chloride solution and Sodium Carbonate solution, on the percentage yield of Calcium Carbonate is to be studied in this experiment. The efficiency analysis for the production of Calcium Carbonate (also known as chalk) is to be carried out. The dependent variable in this experiment is the percentage yield of Calcium Carbonate, expressed as percentage (%). The independent variable is the concentration of the reactants, i.e. Calcium Chloride solution and Sodium Carbonate solution. The concentrations are expressed in moles/liter or moles/dm3. While the control variable is the mass of the ...

Introduction

The total number of patients with cancer keeps soaring globally with around 14 million cases diagnosed by 2014. Each year, about 8 million people die of cancer-related illnesses globally. There are quite some remedies that have been proposed to mitigate in the cancer menace. This study is focused on cancer treatment by curcumin through tyrosine kinase inhibition. Curcumin is the primary coloring agent found in turmeric, a tuber of the herb Curcuma longa Lin. It has widespread use as a flavoring agent (Aggarwal and Bokyung 87). It is also well known for its medicinal value commonly used to suppress ...

Gravimetric analysis

Introduction Gravimetric analysis is a method of measuring of mass of chemical substances. This analysis can be classified in two types; precipitation and volatilization (Bassett et al.). In precipitation method some steps, involved to determine quantify of the chemical substances, are separation of an ion in aqueous solution by a reaction, filtering and washing the precipitate, converting the precipitate to a substance of known composition, and lastlytaking weight of the precipitate as well asevaluating its mass. The chemical substance must be precipitated fully.Theunknown amount of original ion can be evaluated from the mass and known composition of the precipitate. Gravimetric method ...

Introduction

Germination is the process by which a plant develops from a seed and grows in optimal conditions where temperature and water available is suitable for the transformation of a seed into a plant. The conditions are favorable when the right balance of air, moisture and temperature are reached that stimulate the seed to come out of hibernation and start sprouting a root and shoot that starts the process of germination(Bewley, J. Derek, et al). Mostly, germination is the growth of embryonic seeds. When a seed is germinating and fertilizing, it produces an embryo where an embryo is present after fertilization and this embryo gets ...

Dissolved Oxygen

INTRODUCTION Dissolved oxygen is a useful parameter used to determine the level of effluent in waste water treatment. Living organisms in water bodies require oxygen to break down organic matter. These organisms consume the dissolved oxygen in water and give out carbon dioxide. Oxygen does not readily dissolve in water and gets depleted quickly by increased micro-organism activity. To maintain optimal oxygen levels in a water body, the oxygen replenishing rate from the air should be equal to dissolved oxygen use by micro-organism in the water. A curve drawn to represent dissolved oxygen levels down a stream from a point of effluent ...

Purpose

The experiment aims to identify two unknown amino acids using paper chromatography. To be specific, the retention factor or Rf values of standard amino acids was used to see which one matched that of the unknowns.

Introduction

Chromatography can be defined as the separation of a mixture into various fractions by distribution between a mobile phase, which can be a gas or a liquid, and a stationary phase, a liquid or solid. Different substances have different affinities for the stationary and mobile phases. A substance that has no affinity for the stationary phase will remain in the mobile phase and move rapidly through the chromatographic system. ...

A When water is added to lead chloride, the solute sparingly dissolves with some undisclosed particles settling at the bottom of the beaker. Lead chloride is only sparingly soluble in water. When the dilute hydrochloric acid is added to the saturated solution of lead chloride, a white precipitate is formed. This is because of the common ion effect where the excess chloride ions from HCL cause lead chloride to precipitate. Pb2+ aq + 2Cl-aq PbCl2 s B 0.1M lead nitrate +0.1M sodium oxalate

Ionic Equations:

Pb2+ (aq) +C2O42- (aq) PbC2O4(s) Na+ (aq) + NO3-(a) NaNO3 (aq) Lead ...

- Purpose Paper chromatography is a technique which is used to distinguish between the various components of a mixture. It helps to separate out the components of a solution and identify individual components. In Paper chromatography, filter paper is used as the primary material for conducting the experiment. - Procedure For the experiment, a beaker of 1L capacity is taken and filled with 100mL solvent. The beaker is known as chromatogram tank. Next, a filter paper around 12 inches long and 9 inches wide is taken. A light line which is 2cm apart from the bottom of the paper is drawn ...

Lab report on Preparation of Aspirin

Lab report on Preparation of Aspirin Introduction The chemical name for aspirin is the acetylsalicylic acid and is a drug that is used as an antipyretic. Aspirin reduces fever, relieves the pain and inflammation (Thomson Healthcare, 2012). The compound structure of acetylsalicylic acid has an ester group and is produced through an esterification reaction. Aspirin is synthesized through a reaction of salicylic acid with acetic acid using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The reaction equation occurs as shown below. The experiment aimed at synthesizing aspirin, providing an opportunity to familiarize with vacuum filtration as well as melting point techniques. ...

INTRODUCTION

Proteins play an essential role in living cells. The basic forming units of those proteins are the amino acids which are made up of similar composition i.e. amine group, carboxyl group and a variable R-group. The laboratory tests to identify these amino acids work on identifying the variable R-groups that distinguishes each amino acid. It is very important to note that all amino acids with alpha-amino group turn purple ranging from pink to deep violet. Proline is the notable exception (only amino acids that turns bright yellow). Proline is the only one with its unique color. Other amino acids has ...

Prof:

This report describes the experiment carried out to analysis unknown mixtures using paper chromatography. The physical properties of those mixtures are taking into considerations while certain known were used as controls. The result of the analysis amino acid was found to be similar to alanine while the second spot was unknown when compared to others.

Introduction

How can mixtures be separated using paper chromatography techniques based? The factor that influences this experiment is that which considered the physical properties of the mixtures to be separated. The theoretical concept to be followed is that which depict movement of fluid in a capillary ...

Prof:

Introduction This is just one of the simple ways of identifying unknown compounds and separate mixtures. It is a separation technique that works based on the compound interactions as those compounds tend to move within a supporting medium. The compounds interact in two phases which are the mobile and stationary phase. The technique helps in analyzing, identifying, purifying and quantifying unknown separable mixtures. The mobile phase is either a liquid or gas which moves the solvent through the stationary phase during the process. The stationary phase is a liquid or solid component that is fixed in a place for the procedure. Paper ...

Abstract

This report gives a detailed description of chromatography as in related to chemical lectures obtained from thinkingwell.com. The report is subdivided into subheadings to give detail descriptions of the method. The main method used is TLC

Introduction

Chromatography is a chemical method for separating assortments of coloured chemicals known as pigments. It is the most significant separation technique for bio molecules. The result of chromatography experimentation is a chromatogram. All chromatographic arrangements include a stationary phase, a mobile phase sample, and substrate.

How the Retention factor, Rf , value is determined

The retention factor, or Rf, is described as the distance travelled by the compound from origin divided by the distance travelled by the ...