Essays on Osteomalacia

Diseases and disorders occur due to many reasons such as bacterial or viral infections, can genetically be inherited or they can be linked to nutritional deficiencies. One such disease linked with nutritional deprivation is termed as Rickets or Osteomalacia. It is an illness which has been around for many centuries and mainly affects children. However, the prevention of rickets has been made possible with research and discovering the factors which can help improve bodily health. Yet, the disease is a commonly recurring one in developing countries where infants and young children are exposed to a nutritional deficiency of Vitamin ...

Iron

Iron is a mineral that is abundant in plant foods, meat, seafood, and poultry. Green leafy vegetables have high levels of iron and are most suitable in cases of deficiency. Low levels of iron among young adult women can cause iron-deficient erythropoiesis (red blood cell production) and anemia (Harland et al., 2010, p. 325). These deficiencies can result in impaired immune and cognitive functions and can affect energy levels of an individual. Women of reproductive age usually experience menstruation on a regular basis. Heavy menstrual bleeding during this time increases the loss of iron, therefore, causing the deficiency.

Calcium

Calcium ...

The musculoskeletal system is responsible for all body movements. The skeletal component of the muscular system provides a structural framework for the body, which protects the internal organs and provides the shape for the body. It acts as the storage for calcium and phosphorus and plays a part in mineral homeostasis(Davidson, 2002)

Functions of the skeletal system(Haywood, 2008)

The role of the skeletal system can be classified into five categories: protection, structural support, movement, mineral and chemical storage and blood cell production. - Protection: The strong material that makes up bones protect the internal tissues and organs of the body like the brain, ears, eyes, spine, ...

- Describe the role of the following in protein synthesis - DNA, nucleotides, RNA, ribosomes, rough ER, and Golgi apparatus. DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a double stranded hereditary molecule containing the genetic code from which specific protein molecules are synthesized. First step in protein synthesis is synthesis of single stranded complementary RNA. RNA also contains all the components of DNA except a ribose sugar. Special RNA called messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the message to ribosomes. Under mRNA’s direction, transfer RNA (tRNA) delivers amino acids to ribosomes and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) attaches each amino acid to form the final ...

Chapter 1 Literature Review

CHAPTER 1

Introduction During the past decades Vitamin D deficiency had become a major health concern among many Asian countries. Even countries where the sun shines all year round Vitamin D deficiency is still prevalent. This problem is attributed to the dietary factors, inadequate exposure to sunlight and skin pigmentation among Asian people. In terms of skin pigmentation, the majority of Asian inhabitants have highly pigmented skin. Although high skin pigmentation it is generally beneficial because pigmentation reduces the penetration of ultra-violet rays it can also reduces the production of building blocks required to produce Vitamin D. In Saudi ...

Osteomalacia is a disease of the bones where there is an impaired mineralization of the bones. The poor mineralization of the bones is caused by a long-standing hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia usually associated with chronic vitamin D deficiency. It is differentiated from rickets in that it is a disease of adults and not of children. In children the manifestations are slightly different due to the non-closure of the epiphyseal growth plates. (Robbins, 2009, pg. 433) There are several causes of osteomalacia, the most important being the aforementioned vitamin D deficiency. However, chronic acidosis as in diabetes, renal disorders, disorders of vitamin D ...