Essays on Packet Switching

Introduction

Active directory (AD) is a windows domain network or Network Operating (NOS) directory mainly designed for windows server 2003 and windows 2000. Active directory therefore is directory service, which catalog information stored in an organized manner allowing access to information in the directory matching their values and names. For example, a user trying to log into a computer in a client computer in the server domain of the network, active network aid access by verifying the back end user by matching a user password and the directory domain thereby determines whether you are a system administrator or a regular ...

You are required to simulate the behavior of a packet switching network inside the laboratory. The creation of a network will require using the packet and link editors; defining the collected statistics; and learning new Kernel procedures. Some other benefits that will be derived from the lab include learning the principles of model design; becoming familiar with the node and process models; learning how the node and process models function within a network model; carry out parametric studies of various statistics. The performance of a simple packet switching network is measured by the end-to-end delay experienced by traffic on ...

Summary Chapter 10

Chapter 10 provides insight regarding how the internet mass communication has become more and more personal. The author contends that mass communication is gradually being influenced by social, cultural, and personal factors. The chapter begins by highlighting the search and social aspects of the internet. As a social and a search tool, it is apparent that the internet has become an important factor in allowing more face-to-face communication at the global level. It has also played an important role in searching for answers to various questions. According to the chapter, the presence of automated and interpersonal tools helps people ...

This is an acronym for General Packet Radio Service which can be approach as a second generation of wireless networks. This version of wireless networks can be claimed to have cropped from the former GSM (global service for mobile communications). Researchers found that GSM is best suited for wireless voice transfer but was (GSM) very slow in transferring data (digital data) from one mobile device to the next (Christian, 1999).

Therefore, GPRS is a new bearer of data transfer between mobile GSM stations and external networks. The main advantages of GPRS over GSM include speed, capacity and flexibility since it ...

English

Introduction Globalization paired with the fast phased technological evolution has changed the marketing playing field for most businesses. The widespread popularity of social media became a powerful armada for social marketing, which in effect introduced new strategies in order to survive the competition. The Internet in particular is now a strategic place for branding and market segmentation where new breed of consumers are now relying on available online markets to conduct transactions. Globalization has led to several brands increasing their reach to unknown markets. Even medium scale businesses are able to cross borders to get their products and services to ...

Telecommunications and system networking are important in Major Corporation and business; this is because telecommunications technology is the basis for a digitalized economy where commerce is done electronically (Stallings, 2004). A present-day business networking banks has dependency on both public and private facilities to harbor the flow of information across various technological platforms. The platforms include local area network, wired telephone, mobile cellular gadgets, video conferencing system, intranet, internet, extranet, wireless network and corporate web site (Lenert, 1998).. All this systems above relies on the client to server computing, internet protocol (IP) or transmission control protocol (TCP) and packet ...

Introduction

21st century is the age of connectivity, a fast, smooth and convenient internet and other means such s 3G and 4G to address the ever-increasing connectivity demands. To cope with such demands, various operators have shifted from the age-old copper made wires to the sophisticated optic fiber based cables. The reason is that optic fiber allows more data to travel in a single pass, and it is easy to deploy. Furthermore, optic fiber allows much hedger speeds to cope with ever-increasing challenges in connectivity and entertainment sources. It is however; however, shifting from vintage copper wire to an optic fiber is ...

The wireless technology industry has undergone remarkable changes in the past decade and is expected to continuously advance with major changes in the near future. The major drivers for the call on new technology platforms include the high bandwidth requirements of mobile data applications. However there are considerable differences between 3G and 4G.

USER PERCEPTION

4G is the next generation standard that supersedes 3G in its functionalities. Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the brand name accorded to the 4th generation (4G) development efforts by 3GGP. LTE is considered to be a huge upgrade in the network technology services, it seeing its adoption ...

The 20th century has seen tremendous changes in telecommunications sector where there has been great improvement in communication. The major examples of telecommunications sectors which have greatly developed over the century are computer communication, telephony and telegraphy. There has also been a major revolution in the communication media being used in interconnecting the communicating gadgets. However, some media have remained dominant and still hold a significant role in contemporary telecommunications sector (William, 2007). Narrowing down to computer networks, they can be defined as a collection of interconnected nodes (end devices). Much precisely, a network is a medium that allows passage of data across ...

Wireless infrastructure undergoes equipment changes as carriers upgrade their networks from one generation to the other. Portions of their infrastructure may be changed or upgraded to accommodate infrastructure depending on the wireless technology adopted. 3G networks differ from 4G networks due to the different infrastructure equipments they utilize. Thus carriers and telecommunication companies will incur huge cost in terms of obtaining new equipments that will work with 4G. 4G has abandoned the old circuit switching technology used in telephone systems and adopted packet switching. Packet switching technology is rampant in computer networks but has been used in mobile ...

Chronologically from the first generation of telephony (1G) that carried only analog voice data, to the current fourth generation (4G) of mobile technology, telecommunications have evolved over the years to cater for the growing networking demands of present day mobile communications users. Each generation has been developed building upon the previous technology to improve on it in order to deliver better services. The generations (G) specify the classes of technology, each having its own data rates and devices associated with it. - EVOLUTION OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS The 1G cellular networks started in the early 1980s and ...

Introduction

With wireless services that are growing by the day, there is a need to have wireless networks. Wireless networks are becoming essential services for many people. With wireless networks comes security. Security is an important factor when connectivity is concerned. Important data is stored in devices that are connected. There is therefore a need to have secure network so that the data that is being stored is secure and safe from attacks. This paper will look at the wireless networks and their security issues. It will particularly look at the GPRS, 3G and 4G. The advent of digital systems has ...

Packet switching refers to a digital networking communications method in which all the data transmitted is grouped into blocks called packets before it is sent. Packet switching applies to all transmitted regardless of its type, content or structure. The data is transmitted over a shared network and transverses through a network of switches, adapters, routers and other network nodes (OPTNET Technologies, 2010). Packets of data are transmitted individually to their destination using different routes. Once all the packets forming a message get to the destination they re-compile into the original message. Common protocols using the packet switching technologies include Wide Area Network (WAN) ...

Abstract

After several unsuccessful attempts in preceding years, the first successful transatlantic cable installation was successfully installed and commissioned in 1866. This giant step in global communications was the first of many cable installations that gave the United States the technology to break away from the physical and intellectual isolation from Europe and the rest of the world. Starting with the telegraph, followed by the telephone and most recently the Internet; the government, business sector and finally the general public were given access to increasingly accessible and affordable bi-directional and interactive communications. The technology of telecommunications has provided a most efficient ...

Packet switching vs. circuit switching

Packet switching is a form of transmission technology that allows the transmission of data in small separate groupings or blocks basically known as packets (Rosner, 1982). Each packet contains the destination address, therefore seeking its own path. Circuit switching on the other part employs a technology whereby a destination path (dedicated path) has to be established in order for data to be transmitted. The dedicated path remains in use for the entire period of transmission and is only released after completion of transmission (Dhotre, 2006). It differs from packet switching in that, in circuit switching the whole message/data is send through a dedicated ...

Introduction

Communication in the work place has undergone tremendous changes because of the many innovations in telecommunication industry. The old and the new systems have many similarities, so it is important we provide some distinction between several common telecommunication systems that are used in modern day workplace.

Differentiation

Unified communication is a system which brings together real time communication services such as presence information, telephony, video conferencing, call control etc together with non-real time communication services such as unified messaging, which includes such services as e-mail, SMS and fax, and integrates them together to give rise to a one wider network of communication ...