Essays on Septum

Selection from an 8 year-period of pulmonary valve replacement and cross sectional follow up of a commercially available biological valve, assessed with established and a new method

What This Thesis Is About

Pulmonary valve replacement is a procedure necessary in many congenital heart defects and in-valve degeneration cases. Surgical results are excellent, but the longevity of artificial valves is very limited. Our goal was to give a retrospective overview of methods and results from the year 2000 until 2008 at Rikshospital, as well as the prospective five year follow-up of a biological valve made from bovine pericardium. Follow up included clinical examination with ECG, echocardiography, spirometry, treadmill testing, echocardiography ...

Cocaine is listed as the drug with high potential of being abused. The use of cocaine leads to serious physical and psychological dependence (DEA Drug Enforcement Administration, 2014). This drug is highly considered dangerous and illegal. Cocaine can be injected, snorted and smoked by the abusers. Therefore, the paper will evaluate both mental and physical consequences of the cocaine.

The drug has a potent central nervous system stimulant, which can influence the production of dopamine in the brain. This is so because the cocaine affects absorption of dopamine, a brain chemical linked with production of a euphoric effect, pressure and movement. Therefore, ...

Introduction

In the chapter 3 from the book The Basic Concepts of Wellness, the thing is about how to train body and mind very good so that to reach success in any kind of sport, specifically fitness. Training fitness is doing the hard work by stimulating muscles and getting trained heart. This chapter tells about how to do it right not to get the body harmed. It is necessary to choose the boots right, to decide how to organize the day correctly, how to deal with problems that may happen during training. The book may be very useful in order ...

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital cardiac anomaly characterized by an abnormal formation of the atrial septum. Genetic and hemodynamic mechanisms are considered responsible for the onset of the disorder. For example, the increased blood flow from inferior vena cava during fetal development causes the septum primum valve to become deficient, but the perturbation of the transcription factors regulating the atrial septal development, such as Shh, Gata4, Tbx5, and Nkx2-5 (Kendall, Karamichalis, Karamlou, Teitel, & Cohen, 2014). ASD is the second most common congenital cardiac anomaly, and it is estimated that approximately 568 cases of ASD occur during childbirth (Kendall ...

Introduction

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an infection that affects the heart muscles and causes thickening of the muscle walls (Maron, 2012). Often, thickening occurs at the septum region, below the valves of the aorta and between the ventricles. In some cases, there is bulging of the thickened septum into the left ventricle. When blockage of the ventricle occurs, blood is not able to flow out of the ventricles, particularly the left ventricle. Ventricular blockage implies that the ventricle must be strained in order to allow circulation of blood to the other parts of the body via muscular heart pumping. In addition, ...

The anatomy and physiology of the periodontium in humans will be described in details as regards to the relationship which exist between the natural dentition, jaws and the oral environment. Science has helped to explore different aspects of the tissues that make up the periodontium which are the gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. These structures all work together to make a strong supporting apparatus for the teeth that is either in function or in occlusion. The main other function of the periodontium apart from supporting the teeth is to protect and provide nourishment to the teeth. The tissues ...