Essays on Information Retrieval

Abstract

Computers scientist have been grappling with the challenge of developing cognitive systems. Some of the challenges that have made the creation of such systems include natural language processing and machine learning. However, IBM has been able to produce a system known as Watson that has demonstrated human-like intelligence. The system was able to deal with the challenge of natural language processing by using a parsing process to derive the context of questions. This made IBM Watson have human-like understanding of natural language. The system is also built on active technologies that facilitate adaptation training through data and user changes. ...

Q1: How can health care bridge the gap between those who are internet savvy and those who are not? The access gap between the internet savvy patients and those who are not is an information journey that begins with an online search activity, often using a commercial search engine, such as Google. As early as this stage, a gap already exists between the savvy and the non-savvy internet users, such as the digital divide and search strategy problems. The first gap involves the access to computer or the internet itself. It is particularly existent among elderly adults, disabled, or ...

Introduction

Memory is defined as the multitude of abilities and capacities which human beings depend on to perform various life functions. This implies that the concept of memory is important in people regarding the way they remember life experiences hence every challenge that presents itself in understanding the functioning of the brain needs to be researched, and credible findings generated to improve the performance of human memory. Many people still wonder about the operation of the human brain and memory regarding the various functions performed and the way it influences forgetfulness among individuals. While other researchers have viewed the human ...

Part 1: Personal and Professional Reflection before University

After completing my high school, my next level was to join the University of Phoenix to complete my undergraduate. I was not clear as to what specific course I wanted to do, but my intention was to pursue a course related to criminology. At the time my personal and professional life all were intertwined with my goal of pursuing further knowledge in the field of criminology. Personally, my family is heavily involved in the field. My father is high ranking detective at a local police station, while my mother is a criminal lawyer with the department of justice. As the first born ...

English

A Comparison of Terry Gilliam’s “Brazil” to Kafka’s “The Castle” How does one define an adult? The simplest way to answer this is to oppose the concept of adulthood to that of childhood. So an adult is someone who has stopped being a child. But, in this regard, another completely justified question arises – how does one define a child? It seems simple enough from all standpoints: a child is an immature person, meaning he is yet to reach maturity due to his age. Therefore, the difference between a child and an adult is greatly dependent upon the definition of ...

Abstract

An ontology refers to a formal, common, shared description of significance concepts within a specific domain. Ontologies can be used to support various tasks in diverse areas of research such as information retrieval, knowledge management, databases, natural language processing, “geographic information systems”, digital libraries, “multi agent systems” or “visual information retrieval systems”. An ontology makes it possible to have shared knowledge as well as reuse where there can be communicating of information resources between software and human agents. However, ontologies have conceptually been in development since the 1970’s and in the late 1990s’-early 2000’s, we began seeing languages ...

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Introduction

Biomedical resources including gene, protein sequence databases, literature, and ontologies are abundant. These resources have terminology in common consisting of the names of proteins, genes, molecular functions, and diseases. The terminology is present in various controlled vocabularies and nomenclatures. However, only common terminology does not mean that all resources have standard vocabularies and are interoperable. One of the salient features of the Unified Medical Language System® (UMLS®), when evaluated against other terminology, is the presence of knowledge sources (Bodenreider, 2004).

This study discusses the approach of Unified Medical Language System® (UMLS®) that covers the most of the biomedical domain.

UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) ...

Human geography Class

Tianjin city is a metropolis city located in the northern part of China. It is among the People Republic of China’s five central cities, and forms one of the four municipalities that are direct-controlled. This means that the city is directly administrated by the central government. This is as opposed to the municipal government. It borders Beijing Municipality, Hebei Province, Bohai Gulf and the Yellow Sea. It is the fourth largest city in China, after Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou (Hou, 2012). It is ranked as being fifth in the Mainland China. To date, the city s a major gateway and ...

Strings are a series of values or characters that give more information about other characters especially in computer programs. The values and characters have represented some information. Metacharacter is a character in a program that represents certain information. The character itself does not represent the literal meaning. The strings and Metacharacters are usually indicated by use of brackets, quotes, backspace, and indentation. One is therefore able to notice them. The use of these characters usually depends on the programming language being used. When these characters are used, the programmers should avoid using them to mean anything else other than the intended meaning. ...

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Internet is considered undoubtedly the most revolutionizing technology ever introduced that has reached the common people in the smallest period of time. Technologies like television and telephone took 20-30 years to be a household name, while Internet took 4-5 years to reach almost every home across the globe regardless of the culture, society or country. Since then Internet has impacted our social and daily life in several ways both positive and negative. It has completely redefined various aspects of our life. This essay will highlight certain aspects of our life that ...

Mining Techniques

Ismail Alaqta [Assignment] [University/Department] [University Location]

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Because electronic health record systems facilitate physicians in creating reports about medical examinations since birth, the medical history size of patients increases. However, not all content of a patient’s medical history is crucial information for medical users to find out. Furthermore, every single patient report needs to be read in order to validate that a patient is fine with medications or any medical procedures. This process might require aperiod of time to clarify whether the medical user can give special medications or conduct a procedure during an emergency. To reduce ...

In this experiment, students were asked to accurately guess how allergic Mrs. X was to a particular type of food. Phase 1 allowed participants to randomly guess the allergy level of a food without any prior notice of how susceptible Mrs. X was to each food, only learning after they had guessed. The lack of reinforcement of the correct answer for A in phase 1 made it less likely to remember it in phase 2, whereas they had time to get the right answer in their minds for cue B.

This leads to the conclusion in the results that reinforcement is ...