Essays on Offending

A sexual offender is a person who has committed a sex crime, which is punishable by law. Sex crimes, on the other hand, are determined by a particular area’s laws and jurisdiction and they determine whether a person’s actions fall under sexual offense or otherwise. In many countries, sex crimes are in fact major crimes which are kept side by side with other crimes like physical assault or breaking traffic rules. While some crimes committed by sex offenders are strictly sexual in nature, others might be those that are a violation of those who are chosen by ...

Introduction

How does the factor of gender impact the concept of violent offending? One of the most commonly held notions is that males have a higher propensity to commit violent crimes compared to women. This holding is one of the most widely held concepts in the area of criminology. However, there is a growing debate as to the scope of the “gender gap” in terms of violent offending has shifted in recent years. A number of commentators hold that the gap is described in terms of its stability; others proffer that there is an observable closing of the gap, particularly ...

Introduction

The issues of whether or not to treat juveniles or minors the same ways as adults when they commit a crime is a delicate one and has been debated for decades. Many authoritative figures believe they should be treated in a similar manner. However, there are many researchers that feel differently, believing that charging a child with what many consider an “adult crime” could affect the rest of their life and leave them with no hope of redemption. When making such a life-changing decision a judge or jury should already understand the social, biological, and psychological factors that differ ...

Inductive and Deductive Profiling

Inductive profiling goes by the assumption that known and unknown criminals of a categorical offending host certain similar features in spite of different crime scenes. As such, the law enforcement agencies apply the traits of known offenders and past crimes to the identify suspects, who are the unknown subjects. Although this form of profiling is ideal for rapid generation of leads to potential culprits, it may be challenging given that different individuals may engage in similar behavior for different reasons (Yonge, & Jacquin, 2013). Hence, inductive profiling relies on group data in the identification of suspects. The classification systems of ...

Introduction

Child abuse and maltreatment is a broad term that refers to different types of abuses that children may experience in their environment. Abuses and maltreatment may come in the form of neglect, exposure to violence, physical abuse, sexual abuse and emotional abuse. Children are the most vulnerable segment of society when it comes to abuse and neglect. Being unable to protect and care for themselves, some children are subjected to abuses and maltreatment, most often, by family members themselves. The perpetrators of abuse and maltreatment of children may also vary. Aside from parents and siblings, children can also be ...

Crime in the modern era has been and remains a negative aspect of society. Since the first laws were enforced there have been those who break them. The American criminal justice system is overloaded with crimes of differing severity, from victimless crimes to the acts of murder committed by serial killers. Most people are supportive of the fact that if you commit the crime then you must face the potential consequences, which usually involves a criminal trial and many years of jail time. This is not a problem when discussing adults who commit crime. But, what about the juveniles ...

The grouping of conditions, persons, or activities that the society may find to be against their virtues, finds to be offending them and later condemns them with the strongest terms in the same society. The fact that some acts may be found to be positive and negative to a group of people in the society and unacceptable to others. In respect to the topic deviance maybe considered to be going against the societal values and agreements (Henry 6).

Example of Deviance

Child Kidnapping Kinsley is a child from a village in New York. The boy was living with the parents in the ...

Introduction

Law enforcement agencies have taken advantage of technological advancements to sophisticate their operations. The application of computers in policing has developed significantly. Several forms of information systems have been integrated into police work with the aim of promoting law and order in society. Concerning this, computer systems are used in a variety of ways. First, databases are important in the containment of information relevant to the functions of law enforcement in government agencies. This includes the recording of state individual data. Biometric data can be connected to the web as an integral step in the establishment of networks of ...

The Gender Discrimination in Criminal Justice System

Introduction Traditionally, women have not been viewed as criminals because of their less aggressive nature, making the act of crime to be mainly associated with the male gender. There are several theories brought forth to explain why the female gender would, or would not engage in crime. The theories, however, do not provide satisfactory explanations to the phenomenon leading to counterarguments. Also, the criminal justice of the United States of America has been viewed as discriminatory because it fails to address the gender needs of female offenders whose number has increased over time. This essay discusses the historical perspectives, ...

This study aims to identify reasons for growth in female prison population in China and propose possible solution to the problem. One of the difficulties of this study is that little research and data is available on China’s women in prisons.

Ill

Female offenders constitute a small fraction of total number of people in China, however this number is dramatically increasing which is alarming and cannot be negotiated. According to the statistics provided by Institute for Criminal Policy Research, the percentile of female population in prisons significantly increased over last years ("China | World Prison Brief", 2016). Number of women ...

The continuity of the anti-social behavior can be associated to the life-course theory which explains the continuity and change in behavior over time by making a connection between the past events and experiences to the present (Laub & Samson, 2005). Based on this theory, the extent of continuity in behavior between childhood, adolescence and adulthood should be analyzed to draw on the life-course framework in relation to social control and crime. In the beginning, a person’s criminal tendencies can be traced back to his or her childhood antisocial behavior, until reaching the adolescent delinquency, and the last stage is ...

Institutional

How has DLC research enhanced our understanding of antisocial behavior to date? An individual’s development, from childhood to adulthood, is fraught with numerous challenges. Development and life-course criminology (DLC) has provided us with an elaborate explanation on the advancements in offending as well as the development of antisocial characters from childhood to adulthood. Furthermore, DLC analyzes various risks and protective factors associated with offenders and their antisocial traits (McGee et al. 2015). DLC research also highlights different life events and developmental courses that are necessary for explaining antisocial characteristics. Such results have been achieved by analyzing the stability ...

Unlike others institutions in the society, there exist no code of conduct which regulates the freedom of speech among university students. Freedom of speech has become a major issue in recent days. Freedom of expression gives each individual the right to express themselves and the question as to where to draw the boundary on the freedom of speech has become major issue. The intention of the speaker also becomes another issue when considering the issue of freedom of speech. Freedom of speech has been used by people in the society to enhance themes such as discrimination, racism and social ...

Introduction

Juvenile crime or offending by minors has become an issue that deserves critical examination given its impacts both on the criminal justice system and the society at large. A juvenile or a delinquent refers to a person who has not reached the age of majority and who has come into contact with the criminal justice system as a result of having committed a minor offence which would normally be criminal if committed by an adult. Examples of juvenile or status offences include truancy, disobedience of parents, shoplifting, consumption of alcohol, tobacco purchase or smoking, sneaking out of school or ...

Introduction

Today the world is still reeling from the shocking surge of drug abuse cases. Drug abuse and addiction have direct negative effects for the individual and the society at large. Drug abuse is defined as the continued use of a drug in which the user consumes the substance in a way or method that is harmful to their health. Prolonged drug abuse seeks to drug addiction which is a chronic brain disease that drives the victim to compulsive drug use despite the underlying harmful consequences ("Drug abuse by mature women takes its toll in the US", 1998, P. 9). ...

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Introduction In the United Kingdom, the Youth Justice Board is responsible for overseeing the youth justice system in the country. According to the law, children and adolescents (10-17 years of age) are subjected to custody if found involved in criminal activities. Violence and theft are the most common crimes for which juvenile offenders are convicted. As far as the major purpose of the youth justice system in UK is concerned, it is to make sure that the young offenders are managed properly. It needs to be mentioned here that the UK youth justice system stresses on ...

Introduction:

Crime has been an important study that has existed for a long duration of time. Yet it remains controversial with theoretical, historical and accounts of male and female involvement often inconclusive. The perpetrators of crime have for long being presumed to be men. Whether by design or by nature men have been the major actors in criminal activities is a matter of contention. This paper adds to the existing literature on gender differences in crime involvement by comparing different researches on crime with special emphasis on gender involvement. There have been several studies that have been carried out focusing ...

Abstract

In sociology there are three main sociological paradigms that are used to view society and the world as a whole. Paradigms are ways of looking at the world and they are theoretical in nature because they have principles or propositions that are designated to answer a phenomenon. These sociological paradigms can help in explaining and predicting the sociological world. The three include the functionalist paradigm, conflict paradigm as well as the symbolic interactionist paradigm. Each of these paradigms independently offers explanations as to why things happen the way they do and human behavior as well. They focus on the ...

Behaviors of Adolescent Sex Offenders

Adolescent sex offenders can be classified based on categories of offenders, type of their victims and the manner of their offenses. Valid empirical typologies should show distinct profiles of juvenile sex offenders, and the characteristic of their offenses that reflect the underlying psychological problems or disorders. This is very crucial because this information can be used to evaluate the unique needs of each group relevant to clinical intervention and assessment of recidivism. Recent research has primarily subdivided the juvenile sexual offenders based on the age of their victims, history of delinquency, their personality.

Subtypes Based on Victims Age

Research shows that male adolescent sexual ...

Introduction

Adolescent sex offenders are youths aged between 12 years and 17 years who forcefully commit sexual acts with persons of any age, against the will of their victims or without consent in an exploitative, aggressive, and threatening manner (Ryan, 2010). It is difficult to accurately determine the prevalence of adolescent sex crimes due to the absence of comprehensive or accurate national statistics. However, the police, public, and policymakers are increasingly scrutinizing the instances where juveniles commit sexual offenses. Previously, the public did not pay attention to the problem, as most people were of the opinion that boys will always ...

The main idea of this reading involved decreasing criminal acts in neighborhoods. The study is used to determine the effectiveness of the correctional programs. The study also will evaluate whether the funding being used for correctional programs is working or not working for offenders. “Evidence-Based Corrections can help determine how to change what is not working, and improve what is working”. The funding should be budgeted for programs that will be effective and make a difference for offenders. The study hypotheses used in this research is an independent nature. A rigorous scientific study is used. The two-step process will ...

Crimes occur every day throughout the whole world, and sometimes it is hard to identify the motives and the reasons for committing this or that crime. There is a wide range of crimes starting from small robberies and non-substantial financial frauds and finishing with mass murders, terrorist attacks and huge fraudulent activities that lead to serious consequences. Different motives drive criminals to commit terrible things: whether a greed for money, a desire of revenge, a need to become famous no matter for what, pure anger, psychological problems, etc. It is often a challenge for the investigation team from special ...

The focus of the experimental evaluation by researchers David Farabee, Sheldon Zhang and Benjamin Wright was to determine whether a nationally recognized employment focused reentry program in southern California was indeed able to reduce the rate of recidivism of former inmates that were participating in its programs. The underlying point that the researchers want to find through this specific research project is whether or not current reentry programs across the nation can accomplish their stated goals. For the researcher, this is important because while more and more inmates are being released there has been little research completed on whether ...