Introduction
Among the different expenditure heads of the Federal Government, we are mainly concerned with Public Investment expenditures and Entitlement expenditures here. Public Investments expenditure is those as in public projects (building of roads, bridges, schools, hospitals etc.) which are direct investments. Expenditure is also incurred in indirect investments i.e. investments in sectors like Education, Healthcare, Food and Nutrition, R&D, etc. which may not show a direct value return as they are intangible, but are vital to nation building. On the other side, we have the entitlement expenses which is payable to beneficiaries who is entitled to them as per ...